Characterisation of Woody Necromass in Beech Forests with Different Anthropic Accessibility: The Case of La Rioja (Spain)

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of deadwood was conducted in four macro-areas located in two beech forests of public utility in Enciso (La Rioja, Spain). Dendrometric data, as well as qualitative and quantitative characteristics of deadwood, were collected and analysed with respect to the degree of accessibility to the forest to determine the effect of different levels of forest accessibility on deadwood volume and carbon stocks. All decomposition classes were present except the first, highlighting the development of natural degradation dynamics. Deadwood stored 6.9 t/ha of C in the easy accessibility class, 5.7 t/ha of C in the medium accessibility class and 2.2 t/ha of C in the difficult accessibility class. The average volume of deadwood and carbon stored calculated in this study were higher than the values reported in the Spanish and Italian national forest inventories, including one developed for Riojan beech forests. Deadwood volume was on average 22.5 m3/ha, showing an unequal distribution, with the lowest values found far from the access roads, despite forest accessibility generally being considered a factor that facilitates the human collection of deadwood. The distribution patterns of deadwood in beech forests of La Rioja, apparently counterintuitive, were due to a combination of different factors, including slope, cattle grazing, and weather conditions which might have favoured downward movement of the deadwood.

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Formation of work models ormation of work models of nursing staff of different levels

Medsestra (Nurse) ◽

10.33920/med-05-2002-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-47

Author(s):

Irina Muntyan

Keyword(s):

Nursing Staff ◽

Nursing Personnel ◽

Methodological Basis ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Quantitative Characteristics ◽

Work Model ◽

Different Levels ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

The work model of a nurse includes 14 elements representing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the work. The analysis of these elements allowed us to form and offer work models for senior and rankand-file nurses. These models ensure selection, evaluation and placement of nursing personnel on a uniform methodological basis.

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Harmonising, improving and using social and recreational data in National Forest Inventories across Europe

Annals of Forest Science ◽

10.1007/s13595-020-00952-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 77 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Mark A. Atkinson ◽

David M. Edwards ◽

Frank Søndergaard Jensen ◽

Alexander P. N. van der Jagt ◽

Ben R. Ditchburn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

National Level ◽

European Countries ◽

Transport Infrastructure ◽

National Forest ◽

Qualitative Response ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

Recreational Services ◽

National Forest Inventories ◽

Funded Project ◽

General Transport

Abstract Key message National Forest Inventories (NFIs) hold promise for monitoring and valuing of non-productive forest functions, including social and recreational services. European countries use a range of methods to collect social and recreational information within their NFI methodologies. Data collected frequently included general and recreation-specific infrastructure, but innovative approaches are also used to monitor recreational use and social abuse. Context Social and recreational indicators are increasingly valued in efforts to measure the non-productive value of forests in Europe. National Forest Inventories (NFIs) can be used to estimate recreational and social usage of forest land at a national level and relate this use to other biophysical, spatial and topographical features. Nonetheless, there is little information concerning the extent. Aims The study aims to identify the coverage of social and recreational data present in European NFIs including the types of data recorded as part of the NFI methodologies across European countries. It also aims to examine contrasting methods used to record social and recreational data and present recommendations for ways forward for countries to integrate these into NFI practice. Methods A pan-European questionnaire was designed and distributed to 35 counties as part of the EU-funded project Distributed, Integrated and Harmonised Forest Information for Bioeconomy Outlooks (DIABOLO). The questionnaire probed countries on all social and recreational data that was included within NFIs. Qualitative response data was analysed and recoded to measure the extent of social and recreational data recoded in European NFIs both as a function of the number of variable categories per country and the number of countries recording particular variables. Results Thirty-one countries reported at least one social or recreational variable over 12 categories of data. The most frequently recorded variables included ownership, general transport infrastructure and recreation-specific infrastructure. Countries collecting data over many different categories included Switzerland, Great Britain, Czech Republic, Luxemburg and Denmark. Conclusion The study proposes a specific set of indicators, based upon countries with well-developed social and recreational data in their NFIs, which could be used by other countries, and report on the extent to which these are currently collected across Europe. It discusses results and makes a series of recommendations concerning priorities for the inclusion of social and recreational data in European NFIs.

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Disturbances to the Ground and to the Stand in Beech Forests Due to Thinning Treatments Performed by Different Levels of Mechanization

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-08090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Rachele Venanzi ◽

Loredana Barbona ◽

Francesco Latterini ◽

Rodolfo Picchio

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Forest Soil ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Forest Operations ◽

Beech Forests ◽

High Soil Moisture ◽

Forest Logging ◽

Fagus Sylvatica L ◽

Different Levels

The aim of this work was to assess the possible impacts on the forest soil and stand due to silvicultural treatment and forest operations in a beech high forest. Even aged beech forests (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Municipality of Cappadocia (L’Aquila) and in the Municipality of Vallepietra (Roma) were analyzed. The analysis of the soil and stand were performed in order to assess the effects attributable to applied silviculture and forest logging. Two different logging methodologies (in particular for the extraction) were applied: mules were used in the areas with greater slopes and with obstacles, while for the areas with better accessibility, mechanical means were used, in this case tractors. In detail, the main objective was to assess the disturbance on the ground and on the stand, generated by the two different levels of mechanization. In addition, it was also interesting to understand the possible effect on the soil and specifically on the partial uncovering where part of the tree canopy was removed. Only through an accurate cross-analysis of the studied parameters and indices could the anthropogenic impacts on the soil and stand due to forest operations be highlighted according to the different logging methodologies applied. The main results showed that the disturbances caused to the soil and stand were essentially caused in the bunching and extraction operations. The importance of avoiding or limiting the continuous passage of vehicles and animals on forest soil clearly emerges, especially in conditions of high soil moisture. It is also important to use correct technologies that are adequate for the specific environmental characteristics and the work plan. Finally, it can be said that there was no difference in the disturbance caused by the two logging methods when compared. Substantial differences in terms of improvement can be defined when comparing the findings of this study with other research studies. This can be done by applying a different type of mechanization with a different logging system.

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Integrating data from National Forest Inventories into socio-cultural forest monitoring – a new approach

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827581.2020.1799066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5-6) ◽

pp. 274-285

Author(s):

K. Tessa Hegetschweiler ◽

Christoph Fischer ◽

Marco Moretti ◽

Marcel Hunziker

Keyword(s):

Forest Monitoring ◽

National Forest ◽

New Approach ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

National Forest Inventories

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Ontogeny of beech seedlings in the first vegetation period in stand conditions

Glasnik Sumarskog fakulteta ◽

10.2298/gsf0286081b ◽

2002 ◽

pp. 81-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Martin Bobinac

Keyword(s):

Growth Period ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Vegetation Growth ◽

Closed Canopy ◽

Stand Conditions ◽

Root Collar ◽

Intensive Growth

The ontogenetic properties of moesian beech seedlings were analysed in the first vegetation growth period at identical sites, but in different stand conditions based on the divergent values of unique and complex biological characteristics. The seedlings were formed on the deluvium at the site of montane beech forests (Fagetum moesiacae montanum typicum Jov. 1976) on deep eutric brown soil. The terrain is gently sloped, exposure east-southeast, altitude about 470 m The seedlings from the completely closed part of the stand are the phenotype of the sciomorphic structural form. Their above-ground shoots usually consist of: hypocotyl, cotyledons (or their scars), above-cotyledon internode-epicotyl, a weak (leafless, as a rule), sylleptically formed "above-epicotyl axis", two opposite, primary, leaves and vegetative buds, large terminal and undeveloped in the axyl cotyledons and primary leaves Compared to the conditions in the closed canopy, seedlings on the felling area differ in some biological properties and form a different phenotype In the different environment conditions, the greater significance of differences between identical biological properties is expressed according to the order of their origin. The most expressed differences occur in the development of the "above-epicotyl axis". In the juvenile stage of ontogeny, in the conditions of more illuminated felling area, Moesian beech can form shoots with shortened or incomplete cycle of morphogenesis and thus it is ontogenetically adapted to site and weather conditions More intensive growth of the "above-epicotyl axis" of the seedlings on the felling area conditioned the averagely higher seedlings at the end of the first vegetation growth period, more numerous assimilation apparatus, larger diameter root collar, larger diameter of hypocotyl and epicotyl parts. The range between average effects of growth in closed stands and in felling area points to the development potentials of beech depending on the factors of ecological nature, which can be controlled, to some extent, by silvicultural measures.

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100 years of national forest inventories

Silva Fennica ◽

10.14214/sf.10643 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Matti Maltamo

Keyword(s):

National Forest ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

National Forest Inventories

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Habitat-preference in South African antelope species and its significance in natural and artificial distribution patterns

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v17i1.909 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

U. De V. Pienaar

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Habitat Preference ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Individual Species ◽

Habitat Requirements ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Vegetation Zones ◽

Herbivorous Mammals ◽

The Individual ◽

Artificial Introduction

The unequal distribution of species is due to different environmental conditions of the various regions of the globe. The environmental factors governing the occurrence, distribution and abundance of large herbivorous mammals may be divided into physical, historical and biotic. Vegetation is all-important in herbivore biology as it provides habitat, cover and food. Many of the distribution patterns and structural attributes of species are associated with living in and utilizing particular vegetation zones. Africa has an enormous diversity of habitats and animal species utilizing these habitats. An attempt is made to characterize the patterns of habitat preference of South African antelope species and the significance of the habitat requirements of the individual species is discussed in thelight of natural and artificial distribution patterns. It is stressed that artificial introduction of species without prior knowledge of the habitat requirements of such species may lead to disastrous consequences.

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Catering Information Needs from Global to Local Scales—Potential and Challenges with National Forest Inventories

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10090800 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 800 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kangas ◽

Räty ◽

Korhonen ◽

Vauhkonen ◽

Packalen

Keyword(s):

Information Needs ◽

National Forest ◽

Model Errors ◽

Sampling Errors ◽

Small Areas ◽

Model Based ◽

Forest Inventories ◽

National Forest Inventories ◽

Biased Estimators ◽

National Information

Forest information is needed at global, national and local scales. This review aimed at providing insights of potential of national forest inventories (NFIs) as well as challenges they have to cater to those needs. Within NFIs, the authors address the methodological challenges introduced by the multitude of scales the forest data are needed, and the challenges in acknowledging the errors due to the measurements and models in addition to sampling errors. Between NFIs, the challenges related to the different harmonization tasks were reviewed. While a design-based approach is often considered more attractive than a model-based approach as it is guaranteed to provide unbiased results, the model-based approach is needed for downscaling the information to smaller scales and acknowledging the measurement and model errors. However, while a model-based inference is possible in small areas, the unknown random effects introduce biased estimators. The NFIs need to cater for the national information requirements and maintain the existing time series, while at the same time providing comparable information across the countries. In upscaling the NFI information to continental and global information needs, representative samples across the area are of utmost importance. Without representative data, the model-based approaches enable provision of forest information with unknown and indeterminable biases. Both design-based and model-based approaches need to be applied to cater to all information needs. This must be accomplished in a comprehensive way In particular, a need to have standardized quality requirements has been identified, acknowledging the possibility for bias and its implications, for all data used in policy making.

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