Effects of Moderate Strength Cold Air Exposure on Blood Pressure and Biochemical Indicators among Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Patients

The onset and intensity of shivering of various muscles during cold air exposure are quantified and related to increases in metabolic rate and convective heat loss. Thirteen male subjects resting in a supine position and wearing only shorts were exposed to 10 degrees C air (42% relative humidity and less than 0.4 m/s airflow) for 2 h. Measurements included surface electromyogram recordings at six muscle sites representing the trunk and limb regions of one side of the body, temperatures and heat fluxes at the same contralateral sites, and metabolic rate. The subjects were grouped according to lean (LEAN, n = 6) and average body fat (NORM, n = 7) content. While the rectal temperatures fluctuated slightly but not significantly during exposure, the skin temperature decreased greatly, more at the limb sites than at the trunk sites. Muscles of the trunk region began to shiver sooner and at a higher intensity than those of the limbs. The intensity of shivering and its increase over time of exposure were consistent with the increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient calculated from skin temperatures and heat fluxes. Both the onset of shivering and the magnitude of the increase in metabolic rate due to shivering were higher for the LEAN group than for the NORM group. A regression analysis indicates that, for a given decrease in mean skin temperature, the increase in metabolic rate due to shivering is attenuated by the square root of percent body fat. Thus the LEAN group shivered at higher intensity, resulting in higher increases in metabolic heat production and convective heat loss during cold air exposure than did the NORM group.

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The combined effects of silicon dioxide nanoparticles and cold air exposure on the metabolism and inflammatory responses in white adipocytes

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c7tx00145b ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 705-710

Author(s):

Yongqiang Zhang ◽

Xi Li ◽

Yangsheng Lin ◽

Li Zhang ◽

Zhan Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Silicon Dioxide ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Cold Air ◽

White Adipocytes

The potential hazard of nanoparticles (NPs) from air pollution has attracted widespread attention.

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GENDER EFFECT OF A COLD-AIR EXPOSURE 773

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1097/00005768-199705001-00772 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement) ◽

pp. 134

Author(s):

J. E. Reading ◽

D. E. Roberts ◽

J. A. Hodgdon

Keyword(s):

Gender Effect ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Cold Air

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Medium- and Short-Term Interventions with Ma-Pi 2 Macrobiotic Diet in Type 2 Diabetic Adults of Bauta, Havana

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2012/856342 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Carmen Porrata-Maury ◽

Manuel Hernández-Triana ◽

Eduardo Rodríguez-Sotero ◽

Raúl Vilá-Dacosta-Calheiros ◽

Héctor Hernández-Hernández ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Short Term ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Biochemical Indicators ◽

Serum Biochemical ◽

Macrobiotic Diet ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Background.In Cuba, the Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet has shown positive results in 6-month assays with type 2 diabetic patients. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of this diet at short and medium terms.Methods.Sixty-five type 2 diabetic volunteers were included for dietary intervention, institutionally based for 21 days and followed later at home, until completing 3 months. 54 of them stayed until assay end. Before intervention, and after both assay periods, they were submitted to anthropometric records, body composition analyses and measurements of serum biochemical indicators, glycemic profile in capillary blood, blood pressure, and medication consumption; food intake was evaluated by the 3-day dietary recall.Results.During the intervention, the energy intake was 200 kcal higher at instance of more complex carbohydrates and dietary fiber and despite less fat and protein. Blood pressure and serum biochemical indicators decreased significantly in both periods; the safety nutritional indicators (hemoglobin, serum total proteins, and albumin) showed no variations. The global cardiovascular risk decreased and insulin consumption dropped by 46% and 64%, in both periods, respectively.Conclusions.The Ma-Pi 2 macrobiotic diet was a successful therapy at short term and after 3-month home-based intervention, for type 2 diabetics.

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THE EFFECT OF COLD AIR ON THE BLOOD PRESSURE IN PNEUMONIA IN CHILDHOOD

Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine ◽

10.1001/archpedi.1916.04110170023002 ◽

1916 ◽

Vol XII (5) ◽

pp. 445

Author(s):

JOHN LOVETT MORSE

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cold Air

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Anaphylaxis Caused by Swimming: A Case Report of Cold-induced Urticaria in the Emergency Department

Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine ◽

10.5811/cpcem.2021.4.51164 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 307-311

Author(s):

Nicholas McManus ◽

Robert Zehrung ◽

Trevor Armstrong ◽

Ryan Offman

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Case Report ◽

Cold Exposure ◽

Disease Entity ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Cold Air ◽

Physical Urticaria

Introduction: Cold-induced urticaria is a subset of physical urticaria that presents as wheals or angioedema in response to cold exposure. While most cases are idiopathic, secondary associations with infections, medications, and certain cancers have been described. Case Report: We discuss the case of a 50-year-old male with recent episodes of urticaria from cold air exposure following a flu-like illness six months prior, who presented with symptoms of anaphylaxis upon jumping into a lake. Conclusion: While the majority of patients develop localized symptoms, understanding this disease entity is imperative as up to one-third of patients can develop severe symptoms including anaphylaxis, particularly from water submersion during activities such as swimming.

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Brown Fat Activity Determined by Infrared Thermography and Thermogenesis Measurement Using Whole Body Calorimetry (BRIGHT Study)

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934190 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 85-97

Author(s):

S. TAY ◽

H. GOH ◽

P. GOVINDHARAJULU ◽

J. CHENG ◽

S. CAMPS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infrared Thermography ◽

Population Level ◽

Whole Body ◽

Heat Power ◽

Cumulative Energy ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Cold Air ◽

Bat Activity ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Neutral Conditions

To assess BAT activity in humans at a population level, infrared thermography (IRT) represents a safe, readily repeatable and affordable alternative to 18F-FDG-PET. Building upon a previously proposed method by our laboratory, we further refined the image computational algorithm to quantify BAT activation in the cervical-supraclavicular (C-SCV) region of healthy young men under thermo-neutral and cold exposure conditions. Additionally, we validated the whole-body calorimeter (WBC) in reliably measuring cold-induced thermogenesis. The temperature gradient between C-SCV-deltoid regions, and the corresponding difference in heat power output, increased upon cold air exposure relative to thermo-neutral conditions (by 74.88 %, p<0.0001; and by 71.34 %, p<0.0001 respectively). Resting and cumulative energy expenditure (EE) rose significantly (by 13.14 % and 9.12 % respectively, p=0.0001) while positive correlations between IRT measures and EE were found with cold air exposure (percentage change in heat power gradient between ROI and deltoid, cold air: r2=0.29, p=0.026, Pearson's correlation). IRT and WBC can be used to study BAT activation. The refined algorithm allows for more automation and objectivity in IRT data analysis, especially under cold air exposures.

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Glycerol hyperhydration: physiological responses during cold-air exposure

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00176.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 515-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Catherine O'Brien ◽

Beau J. Freund ◽

Andrew J. Young ◽

Michael N. Sawka

Keyword(s):

Total Body Water ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Free Water ◽

Fluid Retention ◽

Body Water ◽

Urine Flow ◽

Air Exposure ◽

Cold Air ◽

Total Body

Hypohydration occurs during cold-air exposure (CAE) through combined effects of reduced fluid intake and increased fluid losses. Because hypohydration is associated with reduced physical performance, strategies for maintaining hydration during CAE are important. Glycerol ingestion (GI) can induce hyperhydration in hot and temperate environments, resulting in greater fluid retention compared with water (WI) alone, but it is not effective during cold-water immersion. Water immersion induces a greater natriuresis and diuresis than cold exposure; therefore, whether GI might be effective for hyperhydration during CAE remains unknown. This study examined physiological responses, i.e., thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, renal, vascular fluid, and fluid-regulating hormonal responses, to GI in seven men during 4 h CAE (15°C, 30% relative humidity). Subjects completed three separate, double-blind, and counterbalanced trials including WI (37 ml water/l total body water), GI (37 ml water/l total body water plus 1.5 g glycerol/l total body water), and no fluid. Fluids were ingested 30 min before CAE. Thermoregulatory responses to cold were similar during each trial. Urine flow rates were higher ( P = 0.0001) with WI (peak 11.8 ml/min, SD 1.9) than GI (5.0 ml/min, SD 1.8), and fluid retention was greater ( P = 0.0001) with GI (34%, SD 7) than WI (18%, SD 5) at the end of CAE. Differences in urine flow rate and fluid retention were the result of a greater free water clearance with WI. These data indicate glycerol can be an effective hyperhydrating agent during CAE.

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Therapeutic Effect of Abelmoschus manihot on Type 2 Diabetic Nonproliferative Retinopathy and the Involvement of VEGF

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/5204917 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Yue Zhao ◽

Xu Yu ◽

Yan Lou ◽

Xinyi Sun ◽

Boyu Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Remission Rate ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Control Group ◽

Progression Rate ◽

Biochemical Indicators ◽

Before And After ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy of Abelmoschus manihot in treating type 2 diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy. Methods. It was a randomized controlled clinical trial. The recruited eighty subjects with type 2 diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy were randomly divided into treatment group and control group. The two groups received basic treatments including control of blood glucose, blood pressure and blood lipid, management of diet, exercise and health education, and monitoring of relevant indicators. Additionally, the treatment group was given oral administration of Abelmoschus manihot. All subjects were followed up on monthly basis for consecutive six months. The related parameters including diabetic retinopathy (DR) incidence rates, “Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study” (ETDRS) vision scores, retinal thicknesses in macular region, serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, and biochemical indicators of both groups before and after treatment were accurately collected and statistically analyzed. Results. There were no significant differences of DR severity levels, ETDRS vision scores, macular retinal thicknesses such as cube average thickness (CAT), central subfield thickness (CST), and cube volume (CV), and serum VEGF levels between two groups before treatment. Meanwhile, there were no significant differences of demographic characteristics, case terminations, blood glucose, blood lipid, blood pressure, biochemical indicators of hepatorenal function, hypoglycemic drugs, hypotensive drugs, and other basic treatments between two groups during six months treatment. The present study suggested that the remission rate of DR and the ETDRS vision score in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (remission rate: 25.4% vs 9.3%, P=0.01; ETDRS score: 78 (72, 82) vs 72 (67, 80), P=0.0002) while the progression rate of DR in the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group (progression rate: 4.2% vs 18.7%, P=0.007) after six months treatment. In addition, the CAT, CST, CV, and serum VEGF levels of the treatment group were significantly improved after the treatment (CAT: 286 (278, 302) vs 282 (270, 295) μm, P<0.0001; CST: 251 (239, 274) vs 248 (235, 265) μm, P<0.0001; CV: 10.3 (10.0, 10.9) vs 10.1 (9.7, 10.6) mm3, P<0.0001; VEGF: 0.21 (0.14, 0.58) vs 0.16 (0.10, 0.23) ng/ml, P=0.0026), while there were no significant differences of the control group before and after treatment (CAT: 287 (279, 294) vs 287 (279, 295) μm, P=0.27; CST: 250 (240, 266) vs 252 (238, 266) μm, P=0.72; CV: 10.4 (10.1, 10.6) vs 10.4 (10.1, 10.7) mm3, P=0.53; VEGF: 0.21 (0.13, 0.66) vs 0.23 (0.12, 0.64) ng/ml, P=0.85). Conclusion. The study offered the novel evidence for the therapeutic effect of Abelmoschus manihot on type 2 diabetic nonproliferative retinopathy, which was associated with improved VEGF. This trial is registered with ChiCTR1800019292.

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