scholarly journals Nonadult Supervision of Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Results from 61 National Population-Based Surveys

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Ruiz-Casares ◽  
José Nazif-Muñoz ◽  
René Iwo ◽  
Youssef Oulhote
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Household Composition ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Socio Economic Factors ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Despite scarce empirical research in most countries, evidence has shown that young children are unsupervised or under the supervision of another young child while their adult caregivers attend work or engage in other activities outside the home. Lack of quality supervision has been linked to unintentional childhood injuries and other negative outcomes. Nationally representative, population-based data from rounds four and five of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) and four to eight of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) from 61 low- and middle-income countries were used to estimate prevalence and socio-economic factors associated with leaving children under five years old home alone or under the care of another child younger than 10 years of age. Socio-economic factors included age and sex of the child, rurality, wealth, maternal education, and household composition. Large variations in the prevalence rates (0.1–35.3% for children home alone and 0.2–50.6% for children supervised by another child) and associated factors have been recorded within and across regions and countries. Understanding why and under what conditions children are home alone or under the supervision of another child is crucial to the development of suitable policies and interventions to protect young children, promote healthy growth, and support caregivers.

scholarly journals Finding Children with High Risk of Non-Vaccination in 92 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Decision Tree Approach

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Thiago M. Santos ◽  
Bianca O. Cata-Preta ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Aluisio J. D. Barros
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Tree Approach ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Reducing vaccination inequalities is a key goal of the Immunization Agenda 2030. Our main objective was to identify high-risk groups of children who received no vaccines (zero-dose children). A decision tree approach was used for 92 low- and middle-income countries using data from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, allowing the identification of groups of children aged 12–23 months at high risk of being zero dose (no doses of the four basic vaccines—BCG, polio, DPT and measles). Three high-risk groups were identified in the analysis combining all countries. The group with the highest zero-dose prevalence (42%) included 4% of all children, but almost one in every four zero-dose children in the sample. It included children whose mothers did not receive the tetanus vaccine during and before the pregnancy, who had no antenatal care visits and who did not deliver in a health facility. Separate analyses by country presented similar results. Children who have been missed by vaccination services were also left out by other primary health care interventions, especially those related to antenatal and delivery care. There is an opportunity for better integration among services in order to achieve high and equitable immunization coverage.

scholarly journals Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

scholarly journals Co-morbid anaemia and stunting among children of pre-school age in low- and middle-income countries: a syndemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thach Duc Tran ◽  
Beverley-Ann Biggs ◽  
Sara Holton ◽  
Hau Thi Minh Nguyen ◽  
Sarah Hanieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Disadvantaged Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of co-morbidity of two important global health challenges, anaemia and stunting, among children aged 6–59 months in low- and middle-income countries.DesignSecondary analysis of data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted 2005–2015. Child stunting and anaemia were defined using current WHO classifications. Sociodemographic characteristics of children with anaemia, stunting and co-morbidity of these conditions were compared with those of ‘healthy’ children in the sample (children who were not stunted and not anaemic) using multiple logistic models.SettingLow- and middle-income countries.SubjectsChildren aged 6–59 months.ResultsData from 193 065 children from forty-three countries were included. The pooled proportion of co-morbid anaemia and stunting was 21·5 (95 % CI 21·2, 21·9) %, ranging from the lowest in Albania (2·6 %; 95 % CI 1·8, 3·7 %) to the highest in Yemen (43·3; 95 % CI 40·6, 46·1 %). Compared with the healthy group, children with co-morbidity were more likely to be living in rural areas, have mothers or main carers with lower educational levels and to live in poorer households. Inequality in children who had both anaemia and stunting was apparent in all countries.ConclusionsCo-morbid anaemia and stunting among young children is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, especially among more disadvantaged children. It is suggested that they be considered under a syndemic framework, the Childhood Anaemia and Stunting (CHAS) Syndemic, which acknowledges the interacting nature of these diseases and the social and environmental factors that promote their negative interaction.

Cancer control-planning and monitoring population-based systems

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 568-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe B Harford ◽  
Brenda K Edwards ◽  
Ambakumar Nandakumar ◽  
Paul Ndom ◽  
Riccardo Capocaccia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Control ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Palliative Care Services ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Cancer is a growing global health issue, and many countries are ill-prepared to deal with their current cancer burden let alone the increased burden looming on the horizon. Growing and aging populations are projected to result in dramatic increases in cancer cases and cancer deaths particularly in low- and middle-income countries. It is imperative that planning begin now to deal not only with those cancers already occurring but also with the larger numbers expected in the future. Unfortunately, such planning is hampered, because the magnitude of the burden of cancer in many countries is poorly understood owing to lack of surveillance and monitoring systems for cancer risk factors and for the documentation of cancer incidence, survival and mortality. Moreover, the human resources needed to fight cancer effectively are often limited or lacking. Cancer diagnosis and cancer care services are also inadequate in low-and middle-income countries. Late-stage presentation of cancers is very common in these settings resulting in less potential for cure and more need for symptom management. Palliative care services are grossly inadequate in low- and middle-income countries, and many cancer patients die unnecessarily painful deaths. Many of the challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries have been at least partially addressed by higher income countries. Experiences from around the world are reviewed to highlight the issues and showcase some possible solutions.

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