Dental Scaling Decreases the Risk of Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide Population-Based Nested Case-Control Study

The protective effect of dental scaling in Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains inconclusive. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between dental scaling and the development of PD. A retrospective nested case-control study was performed using the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan. The authors identified 4765 patients with newly diagnosed PD from 2005 to 2013 and 19,060 individuals without PD by matching sex, age, and index year. In subgroup 1, with individuals aged 40–69 years, individuals without periodontal inflammatory disease (PID) showed a protective effect of dental scaling against PD development, especially for dental scaling over five consecutive years (adjusted odds ratio = 0.204, 95% CI = 0.047–0.886, p = 0.0399). In general, the protective effect of dental scaling showed greater benefit for individuals with PID than for those without PID, regardless of whether dental scaling was performed for five consecutive years. In subgroup 2, with patients aged ≥70 years, the discontinued (not five consecutive years) scaling showed increased risk of PD. This was the first study to show that patients without PID who underwent dental scaling over five consecutive years had a significantly lower risk of developing PD. These findings emphasize the value of early and consecutive dental scaling to prevent the development of PD.

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Irritable bowel syndrome and Parkinson’s disease risk: register-based studies

npj Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1038/s41531-020-00145-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bojing Liu ◽

Arvid Sjölander ◽

Nancy L. Pedersen ◽

Jonas F. Ludvigsson ◽

Honglei Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Twin Registry ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Irritable Bowel ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Swedish Twin Registry

AbstractTo examine whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was related to the future risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD), we conducted a nested case-control study in the Swedish total population including 56,564 PD cases identified from the Swedish Patient Register and 30 controls per case individually matched by sex and year of birth. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having a prior diagnosis of IBS were estimated using conditional logistic regression. We furthermore conducted a cohort study using the Swedish Twin Registry following 3046 IBS patients identified by self-reported abdominal symptoms and 41,179 non-IBS individuals. Through Cox proportional hazard models, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for PD risk. In the nested case-control study, 253 (0.4%) PD cases and 5204 (0.3%) controls had a previous IBS diagnosis. IBS diagnosis was associated with a 44% higher risk of PD (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.27–1.63). Temporal relationship analyses showed 53% and 38% increased risk of PD more than 5 and 10 years after IBS diagnosis, respectively. In the cohort analysis based on the Swedish Twin Registry, there was no statistically significantly increased risk of PD related to IBS (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.87–1.81). Our results suggest a higher risk of PD diagnosis after IBS. These results provide additional evidence supporting the importance of the gut–brain axis in PD.

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Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and riboflavin and risk of Parkinson's disease: a case–control study in Japan

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510001005 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 757-764 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Kentaro Murakami ◽

Yoshihiro Miyake ◽

Satoshi Sasaki ◽

Keiko Tanaka ◽

Wakaba Fukushima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

B Vitamins ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Uk ◽

Control Study

Increased homocysteine levels might accelerate dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) through neurotoxic effects; thus, increasing intake of B vitamins involved in the regulation of homocysteine metabolism might decrease the risk of PD through decreasing plasma homocysteine. However, epidemiological evidence for the association of dietary B vitamins with PD is sparse, particularly in non-Western populations. We conducted a hospital-based case–control study in Japan to examine associations between dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and riboflavin and the risk of PD. Patients with PD diagnosed using the UK PD Society Brain Bank criteria (n 249) and controls without neurodegenerative diseases (n 368) were recruited. Dietary intake during the preceding month was assessed at the time of study recruitment using a validated, self-administered, semi-quantitative, comprehensive diet history questionnaire. After adjustment for potential dietary and non-dietary confounding factors, intake of folate, vitamin B12 and riboflavin was not associated with the risk of PD (P for trend = 0·87, 0·70 and 0·11, respectively). However, low intake of vitamin B6 was associated with an increased risk of PD, independent of potential dietary and non-dietary confounders. Multivariate OR (95 % CI) for PD in the first, second, third and fourth quartiles of vitamin B6 were 1 (reference), 0·56 (0·33, 0·94), 0·69 (0·38, 1·25) and 0·48 (0·23, 0·99), respectively (P for trend = 0·10). In conclusion, in the present case–control study in Japan, low intake of vitamin B6, but not of folate, vitamin B12 or riboflavin, was independently associated with an increased risk of PD.

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Prodromal symptoms and early detection of Parkinson's disease in general practice: a nested case-control study

Family Practice ◽

10.1093/fampra/cmu025 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 373-378 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

A. O. A. Plouvier ◽

R. J. M. G. Hameleers ◽

E. A. J. van den Heuvel ◽

H. H. Bor ◽

T. C. Olde Hartman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

General Practice ◽

Early Detection ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Prodromal Symptoms ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Tamoxifen usage correlates with increased risk of Parkinson’s disease in older women with breast cancer: a case–control study in Taiwan

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-017-2341-0 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 99-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Hsien-Feng Lin ◽

Kuan-Fu Liao ◽

Ching-Mei Chang ◽

Cheng-Li Lin ◽

Shih-Wei Lai

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Older Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

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Skin Cancer May Delay Onset but Not Progression of Parkinson's Disease: A Nested Case-Control Study

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2020.00406 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhimanyu Mahajan ◽

Martina Chirra ◽

Alok K. Dwivedi ◽

Andrea Sturchio ◽

Elizabeth G. Keeling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Skin Cancer ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of Parkinson's disease: nested case-control study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.d198 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 342 (jan20 1) ◽

pp. d198-d198 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

J. A. Driver ◽

G. Logroscino ◽

L. Lu ◽

J. M. Gaziano ◽

T. Kurth

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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β-Adrenoceptor Drugs and Parkinson’s Disease: A Nationwide Nested Case–Control Study

CNS Drugs ◽

10.1007/s40263-020-00736-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 763-772

Author(s):

Sibylle de Germay ◽

Cécile Conte ◽

Olivier Rascol ◽

Jean-Louis Montastruc ◽

Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study

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Lifestyle Factors and Parkinson’s Disease Risk in a Rural New England Case-Control Study

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2021/5541760 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Angeline S. Andrew ◽

Faith L. Anderson ◽

Stephen L. Lee ◽

Katharine M. Von Herrmann ◽

Matthew C. Havrda

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Head Trauma ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Introduction. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease likely caused by complex interactions between genetic and environmental risk factors. Exposure to pesticides, toxic metals, solvents, and history of traumatic brain injury have been implicated as environmental risk factors for PD, underscoring the importance of identifying risk factors associated with PD across different communities. Methods. We conducted a questionnaire-based case-control study in a rural area on the New Hampshire/Vermont border, enrolling PD patients and age- and sex-matched controls from the general population between 2017 and 2020. We assessed frequent participation in a variety of recreational and occupational activities and surveyed potential chemical exposures. Results. Suffering from “head trauma or a concussion” prior to diagnosis was associated with a fourfold increased risk of PD. Adjustment for head trauma negated any risk of participation in “strenuous athletic activities.” We observed a 2.7-fold increased risk of PD associated with activities involving lead (adjusted p = 0.038 ). Conclusion. Implicating these factors in PD risk favors public health efforts in exposure mitigation while also motivating future work mechanisms and intervention opportunities.

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Non-motor features of Parkinson’s disease in a nested case–control study of US men

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry ◽

10.1136/jnnp-2018-318275 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (12) ◽

pp. 1288-1295 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katherine C Hughes ◽

Xiang Gao ◽

Jessica M Baker ◽

Christopher Stephen ◽

Iris Y Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep ◽

Sleep Behaviour ◽

Nested Case Control ◽

Control Study ◽

Smell Identification

BackgroundSeveral non-motor features may individually contribute to identify prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD), but little is known on how they interact.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study nested within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study in a large cohort of men age 40–75 at recruitment in 1986. Cases (n=120) had confirmed PD, were<85 in January 2012, returned a 2012 questionnaire with questions on probable rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) and constipation sent to all cohort participants and completed in 2014 the Brief Smell Identification Test and a questionnaire assessing parkinsonism and other non-motor PD features (including depressive symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness, impaired colour vision and body pain). Controls (n=6479) met the same criteria as cases, except for the PD diagnosis.ResultsConcurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia were present in 29.3% of cases and 1.1% of controls, yielding an age-adjusted OR of 160(95%CI 72.8to353) for three features versus none. The odds of PD increased exponentially with additional non-motor features (OR for 6–7 features versus none: 1325; 95%CI333to5279). Among men without PD, the number of non-motor features was associated with odds of parkinsonism (OR for 6–7 features versus none: 89; 95%CI21.2to375). We estimated that in a population with a prodromal PD prevalence of 2%, concurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia would have a maximum sensitivity of 29% and a positive predictive value (PPV) of 35%. The PPV could increase up to 70% by including additional features, but with sharply decreased sensitivity.ConclusionsConcurrent constipation, probable RBD and hyposmia are strongly associated with PD. Because these features often precede motor symptoms and their co-occurrence could provide an efficient method for early PD identification.

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