scholarly journals Rural Versus Urban Patients: Benchmarking the Outcomes of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Shanxi, China from 2013 to 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Cai ◽  
Echu Liu ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
P Values ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Patients

Rural-urban disparity in China attracts special international attention in view of the imbalance of economic development between rural and urban areas. However, few studies used patient level data to explore the disparity of health outcomes between rural and urban patients. This study aims to evaluate the trend of health outcomes between rural and urban patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China. Using an electronic medical records (EMRs) database in Shanxi, China, we identified 87,219 AMI patients hospitalized between 2013 and 2017. We used multivariable binary logistic regressions and two-part models to estimate the association between region of origin (rural/urban) and two outcomes, in-hospital mortality and out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses. Rural patients were associated with lower in-hospital mortality and the adjusted Odds Ratios (ORs) were 0.173, 0.34, 0.605, 0.522, 0.556 (p-values < 0.001) from 2013 to 2017, respectively. For the OOP expenses, rural patients were experiencing increasing risk of having OOP expenses, with the ORs of 0.159, 0.573, 1.278, 1.281, 1.65. The coefficients for the log-linear models in the five years were 0.075 (p = 0.352), 0.61, 0.565, 0.439, 0.46 (p-values < 0.001). Policy makers in China should notice and narrow the gap of health outcomes between rural and urban patients.

Behavioural health outcomes in veterans compared to nonveterans by rural and urban areas in Alabama, 2015–2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Albright ◽  
Kari L. Fletcher ◽  
Kate H. Thomas ◽  
Justin T. McDaniel ◽  
Kirsten Laha‐Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Behavioural Health ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract P181: Differential Clinical Outcomes Among Stroke Patients From Rural and Urban Areas in a Pilot Stroke Network

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Llanos ◽  
Carlos Pardo ◽  
Gabriel Pinilla ◽  
Akemi Arango ◽  
Jaime Valderrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Stroke Center ◽  
Rural Patients

Objective: To describe the clinical features of stroke patients from rural and urban areas and to identify possible associations with clinical outcomes. Introduction: There is little information in Latin America about risk factors, treatments, and outcomes in stroke patients from rural areas and urban people. The rural population faces multiple healthcare access barriers that might influence stroke outcomes. This paper describes and analyzes clinical features in stroke patients according to their location. Methods: Prospective cohort study of Colombian stroke patients using demographic and clinical data collected between 2018 and 2020 in a high complexity hospital from southwestern Colombia, as part of a pilot stroke network consisting of rural primary centers and a mothership center. Mode of transport to the stroke center, timing, clinical characteristics, interventions, and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at discharge and 3 months were assessed. Results: We included 579 stroke patients (66.14% ischemic), with a median age of 70 years (60-81). Urban subjects showed higher prevalence of dyslipidemia (p=0.009), previous hemorrhagic stroke (p=0.036), and TIA (p=0.002). Approximately 35% of cases were initially evaluated at a rural primary care center. These subjects exhibited a higher NIHSS scores (10 IQR 5-19 vs. 5 IQR 2-13; p=0.000) with a longer window (p<0.001) and were mainly transferred by ambulance (89.80%, p=0.000). Due to the severity, door-to-imaging time was shorter (p=0.001). Rural patients receive thrombolysis in 27.36% and underwent thrombectomy in 14.43%. Higher mRs at discharge (3 IQR 2-5 vs. 2 IQR 1-4; p=0.000) and three-months follow-up (3 IQR 1-6 vs. 1 IQR 0-4; p<0.001) were observed. Conclusions: Rural patients from southwestern Colombia were more likely to present with severe strokes even though they had lower rates of cardiovascular risk factors. They arrived later to the stroke center, but the final diagnosis was reached faster. Nonetheless, disability was higher at discharge and 3-months follow-up.

Management of minor ailments in primary schoolchildren in rural and urban areas

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Minor Ailments

Classroom Management

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Elida Kurti
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Management ◽  
General Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Intellectual Level

This paper aims to reflect an effort to identify the problems associated with the educational learning process, as well as its function to express some inherent considerations to the most effective forms of the classroom management. Mentioned in this discussion are ways of management for various categories of students, not only from an intellectual level, but also by their behavior. Also, in the elaboration of this theme I was considering that in addition to other development directions of the country, an important place is occupied by the education of the younger generation in our school environments and especially in adopting the methods of teaching and learning management with a view to enable this generation to be competitive in the European labor market. This, of course, can be achieved by giving this generation the best values of behavior, cultural level, professional level and ethics one of an European family which we belong to, not just geographically. On such foundations, we have tried to develop this study, always improving the reality of the prolonged transition in the field of children’s education. Likewise, we have considered the factors that have left their mark on the structure, cultural level and general education level of children, such as high demographic turnover associated with migration from rural and urban areas, in the capacity of our educational institutions to cope with new situations etc. In the conclusions of this study is shown that there is required a substantial reform even in the pro-university educational system to ensure a significant improvement in the behavior of children, relations between them and the sound quality of their preparation. Used literature for this purpose has not been lacking, due to the fact that such problems are usually treated by different scholars. Likewise, we found it appropriate to use the ideas and issues discussed by the foreign literature that deals directly with classroom management problems. All the following treatise is intended to reflect the way of an effective classroom management.

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