scholarly journals Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and Risk of Cancer in Never Smokers: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
A-Sol Kim ◽  
Hae-Jin Ko ◽  
Jin-Hyun Kwon ◽  
Jong-Myung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

This is first meta-analysis to evaluate cancer risk associated with secondhand smoking across all cancers. A literature search was conducted for articles published before June 2014 on Pubmed, SCOPUS, Cochrane library, and CINAHL, and 40 articles on secondhand smoke and the prevalence of cancer among never smokers were selected for final analysis as per the inclusion criteria. Of the 40 articles, 27 were case-control studies and 13 were prospective cohort studies. With respect to overall cancer risk, odds ratio (OR) involving never smokers with significant exposure to secondhand smoke compared to never smokers without such exposure was 1.163 (95%CI 1.058–1.279). Subgroup meta-analyses by study design showed significant positive associations for both case-control studies and prospective cohort studies (OR 1.165, 95%CI 1.029–1.320; and OR 1.160, 95%CI 1.002–1.343, respectively). The association was stronger in the case of females (OR 1.253, 95%CI 1.142–1.374), lung cancer (OR 1.245, 95%CI 1.026–1.511), and breast cancer (OR 1.235, 95%CI 1.102–1.385). Secondhand smoking may increase the overall risk of cancer for never smokers, particularly lung and breast cancer, and especially in women. Strict implementation of smoking cessation programs should be encouraged, not only to reduce active smoking but also to limit exposure to secondhand smoke.

scholarly journals The Association between PON1 (Q192R and L55M) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Based on 43 Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolan Pan ◽  
Lei Huang ◽  
Meiqin Li ◽  
Dan Mo ◽  
Yihua Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Q192R and L55M polymorphism were considered to be associated with the development of multiple cancers. Nevertheless, the results of these researches were inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of all eligible case-control studies to assess the association between PON1 (Q192R and L55M) gene polymorphisms and risk of cancer. With the STATA 14.0 software, we evaluated the strength of the association by using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 43 case-control publications 19887 cases and 23842 controls were employed in our study. In all genetic models, a significant association between PON1-L55M polymorphisms and overall cancer risk was observed. Moreover, in the stratified analyses by cancer type, polymorphism of PON1-L55M played a risk factor in the occurrence of breast cancer, hematologic cancer, and prostate cancer. Similarly, an increased risk was observed in the Caucasian and Asian population as well as hospital-based group and population-based group. For PON1-Q192R polymorphisms, in the stratified analyses by cancer type, PON1-Q192R allele was associated with reduced cancer risks in breast cancer. Furthermore, for racial stratification, there was a reduced risk of cancer in recession model in Caucasian population. Similarly, in the stratification analysis of control source, the overall risk of cancer was reduced in the heterozygote comparison and dominant model in the population-based group. In conclusion, PON1-Q192R allele decreased the cancer risk especially breast cancer; there was an association between PON1-L55M allele and increased overall cancer risk. However, we need a larger sample size, well-designed in future and at protein levels to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Genetic variation in the HLA-G 3′UTR 14–bp insertion/deletion and the associated cancer risk: evidence from 25 case–control studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
You Jiang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Yue-E Wu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Comparison Model ◽  
Mixed Populations ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
G 14

Abstract Human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) plays an important role in the progression of human cancers. A growing number of published studies have investigated the correlation between the HLA-G 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) 14-bp insertion/deletion (Ins/Del) polymorphism and the associated cancer risk in different populations. However, results from previous studies are inconclusive and inconsistent for the different type of cancers. Therefore, we undertook a meta-analysis to assess the effects of the HLA-G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism on cancer risk. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases to obtain relevant studies up to 28 January 2019. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used. Twenty-five published case–control studies comprising 4981 cases and 6391 controls were included in the current meta-analysis. The results of the overall analysis revealed that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Ins genotype and Ins allele were associated with the total cancer risk in the homozygote comparison model (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Del: OR = 0.80, CI = 0.64–1.00; P=0.049) and the allelic comparison model (Ins vs. Del: OR = 0.89, CI = 0.81–0.99; P=0.035), with a protective role. Further subgroup analyses indicated that the HLA–G 14–bp Ins/Del polymorphism was associated with the risk of breast cancer and oesophageal cancer (EC), and significant risk of cancer was also observed in Mixed populations and population-based (PB). The results of our meta-analysis show that the HLA–G 14-bp Ins/Del polymorphism plays an important role in cancer risk, particularly in breast cancer and esophageal cancer in Mixed populations. Additional case–control studies with different types of cancer spanning different ethnicities are needed to extend the present findings.

scholarly journals Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies, 2009–2020

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5654
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Barańska ◽  
Agata Błaszczuk ◽  
Wiesław Kanadys ◽  
Maria Malm ◽  
Katarzyna Drop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

To perform a meta-analysis of case-control studies that addressed the association between oral contraceptive pills (OC) use and breast cancer (BrCa), PubMED (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify case-control studies of OC and BrCa published between 2009 and 2020. We used the DerSimonian–Laird method to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs), and the Mantel–Haenszel test to assess the association between OC use and cancer. Forty-two studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria and we included a total of 110,580 women (30,778 into the BrCa group and 79,802 into the control group, of which 15,722 and 38,334 were using OC, respectively). The conducted meta-analysis showed that the use of OC was associated with a significantly increased risk of BrCa in general, OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.31, p = 0.0358. Regarding other risk factors for BrCa, we found that increased risk was associated significantly with early menarche, nulliparous, non-breastfeeding, older age at first parity, postmenopause, obesity, smoking, and family history of BrCa. Despite our conclusion that birth control pills increase the cancer risk being supported by extensive previous studies and meta-analyzes, further confirmation is required.

scholarly journals p.Arg72Pro polymorphism of P53 and Breast Cancer Risk: A meta-analysis of case-control studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brehima Diakite ◽  
Yaya Kassogue ◽  
Guimogo Dolo ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Erin Neuschler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
P53 Gene ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Genotype Frequencies

Abstract Background :The effect of the p.Arg72Pro variant of the P53 gene on the risk of developmentof breast cancer remains variable in populations. However, the use of strategiessuchas pooling age-matched controls with disease cases may provide a solid meta-analysis. Our goal was to perform a meta-analysis in order to assessthe association of p.Arg72Provariant of P53 gene with breast cancer risk. Methods : Databases such as PubMed, Genetics Medical Literature, Harvard University Library, Web of Science and Genesis Library were used to search articles. Age-matched case-control studies on breast cancer that have evaluated the genotype frequencies of the p.Arg72Pro of P53 gene were selected. The fixed and random effects (Mantel-Haenszel) were calculated using pooled odds ratio of 95% CI to determine the risk of disease. Inconsistency was calculated to determine heterogeneity among the studies. The publication bias was estimated using the funnel plot. Results : Twenty-one publications with cases age-matched controls including7841disease cases and 8876controls were evaluated in this meta-analysis. Overall, our results suggested that p.Arg72ProP53 was associated with a risk for breast cancer for the dominant model (OR= 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.16; P= 0.01) and the additive model (OR= 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01-1.17; P= 0.03), but not in the recessive model (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.97-1.16; P= 0.19). According to the ethnic group, allele Pro has been associated with breast cancer risk in Europeans for the dominant and additive models. Conclusions : This meta-analysis found a significant association between p.Arg72Pro in the P53 gene and the risk of breast cancer. Individuals carrying at least one Pro allele of the P53 gene are more likely to have breast cancer with dominant and additive models than individualsharboringthe Arg allele.

scholarly journals Association of PIN3 16-bp Duplication Polymorphism of TP53 gene with Breast Cancer Risk in Mali and A Meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brehima Diakite ◽  
Yaya Kassogue ◽  
Guimogo Dolo ◽  
Oumar Kassogue ◽  
Mamadou Lassine Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Recessive Model ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background. Breast cancer, the most common tumor in women in Mali and worldwide has been linked to several risk factors, including genetic factors, such as the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism of TP53 gene. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism in the susceptibility to breast cancer in the Malian population and to perform a meta-analysis to better understand the correlation with data from other populations.Methods. We analyzed the PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism in blood samples of 60 Malian women with breast cancer and 60 healthy appearing Malian women using PCR. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of data from case-control studies published in articles retrieved from international databases (Pubmed, Harvard University Library, Genetics Medical Literature Database, Genesis Library and Web of Science). Overall, odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI from fixed and random effects models were determined. Inconsistency was used to assess heterogeneity between studies and publication bias was estimated using the funnel plot.Results. In the studied Malian patients, a significant association of PIN3 16-bp duplication polymorphism with breast cancer risk was observed in dominant (A1A2+A2A2 vs. A1A1: OR = 2.26, CI 95% = 1.08-4.73; P = 0.02) and additive (A2 vs. A1: OR =1.87, CI 95% = 1.05-3.33; P = 0.03) models, but not the recessive model (P = 0.38). In the meta-analysis, nineteen (19) articles were included with a total of 6,018 disease cases and 4,456 controls. Except for the dominant model (P = 0.15), an increased risk of breast cancer was detected with the recessive (OR=1.46, 95% CI = 1.15-1.85; P = 0.002) and additive (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.02-1.19; P = 0.01) models.Conclusion. The Malian case-control study suggests that PIN3 16-bp polymorphism duplication of TP53 gene is an important risk factor for breast cancer in Malian women. These findings are supported by the meta-analysis of studies from different ethnicities.

scholarly journals Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk: A meta-analysis of case–control studies in Indian women

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 080-084
Author(s):  
Gayatri Vishwakarma ◽  
Harrison Ndetan ◽  
Durgesh Nandini Das ◽  
Garima Gupta ◽  
Moushumi Suryavanshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Case ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cancer Case ◽  
Case Control Studies

Abstract Background/Objective: India is the world's most biodiverse region and is undergoing a period of dramatic social and economic change. Due to population's explosion, climate change and lax implementation of environmental policies, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing. From population-based cancer registry data, breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in urban registries where it constitutes more than 30% of all cancers in females. We conducted a meta-analysis of all breast cancer case–control studies conducted in India during 1991–2018 to find pooled estimates of odds ratio (OR). Materials and Methods: Eligible studies were identified through a comprehensive literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and HINARI databases from 1991 to January 2018. This analysis included 24 observational studies out of 34 that reported the case–control distribution of reproductive factors, body mass index (BMI) and type of residence. The analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 (Review Manager, 2017) applying the random-effects model. Results: A total of 21,511 patients (9889 cases and 11,622 controls) were analyzed, resulting in statistically significant association between breast cancer and the following reproductive factors: never breastfeed (OR: 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.70, 8.01), menopausal age >50 years (OR: 2.88; 95% CI: 1.85, 3.85), menarche age <13 years (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.34, 2.51), null parity (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.21, 2.06), postmenopause (OR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.62), and age at the 1st pregnancy >25 years (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.80). Family history (FH) of breast cancer (OR: 5.33; 95% CI: 2.89, 9.82), obesity (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.42), and urban residence (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.44) were also found to be significant risk factors. Conclusion: The results of this meta-analysis are indicative of significant associations between reproductive factors and breast cancer risk, profoundly so among women experiencing menopause after the age of 50, women who never breastfeed and FH of breast cancer.

scholarly journals Association between PD-1 and PD-L1 Polymorphisms and the Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hashemi ◽  
Shima Karami ◽  
Sahel Sarabandi ◽  
Abdolkarim Moazeni-Roodi ◽  
Andrzej Małecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Programmed Cell Death 1 ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Impact

A number of case-control studies regarding the association of the polymorphisms in the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) genes with the risk of cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Therefore, we have conducted a comprehensive, updated meta-analysis study to identify the impact of PD-1 and PD-L1 polymorphisms on overall cancer susceptibility. The findings revealed that PD-1 rs2227981 and rs11568821 polymorphisms significantly decreased the overall cancer risk (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.68–0.99, p = 0.04, TT vs. CT+CC; OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.67–0.94, p = 0.006, AG vs. GG, and OR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.70–0.96, p = 0.020, AG+AA vs. GG, respectively), while PD-1 rs7421861 polymorphism significantly increased the risk of developing cancer (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.02–1.33, p = 0.03, CT vs. TT). The PD-L1 rs4143815 variant significantly decreased the risk of cancer in homozygous (OR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.41–0.94, p = 0.02), dominant (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.50–0.97, p = 0.03), recessive (OR = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.60–0.96, p = 0.02), and allele (OR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63–0.96, p = 0.02) genetic models. No significant association between rs2227982, rs36084323, rs10204525, and rs2890658 polymorphisms and overall cancer risk has been found. In conclusions, the results of this meta-analysis have revealed an association between PD-1 rs2227981, rs11568821, rs7421861, as well as PD-L1 rs4143815 polymorphisms and overall cancer susceptibility.

scholarly journals Association between apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 rs1760944 T>G polymorphism and susceptibility of cancer: a meta-analysis involving 21764 subjects

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guowen Ding ◽  
Yu Chen ◽  
Huiwen Pan ◽  
Hao Qiu ◽  
Weifeng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Cancer Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract Background: Previous case–control studies have suggested that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism may be associated with cancer risk. Here, we carried out an updated meta-analysis to focus on the correlation between APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G locus and the risk of cancer. Methods: We used the crude odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the possible relationship between the APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism and cancer risk. Heterogeneity, publication bias and sensitivity analysis were also harnessed to check the potential bias of the present study. Results: Twenty-three independent studies involving 10166 cancer cases and 11598 controls were eligible for this pooled analysis. We found that APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism decreased the risk of cancer in four genetic models (G vs. T: OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.83–0.92; P&lt;0.001; GG vs. TT: OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69–0.86; P&lt;0.001; GG/TG vs. TT: OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77–0.89, P&lt;0.001 and GG vs. TT/TG: OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.80–0.92, P&lt;0.001). Results of subgroup analyses also demonstrated that this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) modified the risk among lung cancer, breast cancer, osteosarcoma, and Asians. Evidence of publication bias was found in the present study. When we treated the publication bias with ‘trim-and-fill’ method, the adjusted ORs and CIs were not significantly changed. Conclusion: In conclusion, current evidence highlights that the APE1 rs1760944 T&gt;G polymorphism is a protective factor for cancer susceptibility. In the future, case–control studies with detailed risk factors are needed to confirm or refute our findings.

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