scholarly journals Spatial Assessment of Anthropogenic Impact on Trace Metal Accumulation in Farmland Soils from a Rapid Industrializing Region, East China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Jiao ◽  
Yong Niu ◽  
Yuan Niu ◽  
Hengyu Hu ◽  
Ruiping Li
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
East China ◽  
Spatial Assessment ◽  
Farmland Soils ◽  
Cu And Zn

A better understanding of anthropogenic trace metal accumulation in farmland soils is crucial for local food safety and public health, especially for a rapidly industrializing region. In this study, soil samples at two depths were collected from a typical county in East China and analyzed for total concentrations of Fe, Al, Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni. Results showed that trace metals like Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Ni have accumulated in the regional farmlands, with average topsoil concentrations 1.62–1.77 times higher than their background concentrations in subsoil. However, they were still much lower than the limits of the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for Soils. By the proper calculation of enrichment factor (EF), it was found that the accumulations of trace metals in the topsoil have been impacted by anthropogenic activities, which could contribute up to 40.83% of total metal concentration. Two principal components were extracted according to the results of principal component analysis (PCA) for EF values, which indicated two important anthropogenic trace metal sources. With the help of spatial distribution maps based on geographical information system (GIS), the anthropogenic sources of Pb, Cr, and Ni were determined to be mostly associated with atmospheric deposition from the central urban area. However, Cd, Cu, and Zn were further confirmed to originate from different agricultural sources. The anthropogenic Cu and Zn inputs were mostly related to pig manure application in the rural northern and southeastern areas, while extensive fertilizer application was identified as the major contributor to anthropogenic Cd accumulation in this region. Overall, the integrated application of EF, PCA, and GIS mapping is an effective approach to achieve the spatial assessment of anthropogenic impact on trace metal accumulation in regional soils.

scholarly journals Health Assessment of Trace Metal Concentrations in Organic Fertilizer in Northern China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Gong ◽  
Peizhen Chen ◽  
Rongguang Shi ◽  
Yi Gao ◽  
Shun-An Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Exposure Pathway

The application of organic fertilizer could be accompanied by potential hazards to soil and humans caused by trace metals. A wide survey of organic fertilizers was carried out in northern China. A total of 117 organic fertilizer samples were collected to analyze the concentrations of seven trace metals. Simulation models were used to estimate the trace metal accumulation risk in soil and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks to the human body. The concentrations of trace metals varied widely (Cr: 2.74–151.15; Ni: 2.94–49.35; Cu: 0.76–378.32; Zn: 0.50–1748.01; As: 1.54–23.96; Cd: 2.74–151.15; and Pb: 1.60–151.09 mg·kg−1). Chinese organic fertilizer standard limits were exceeded by0.85% for Cr, 5.98% for As, 1.71% for Cd, and 4.27% for Pb. Monte Carlo simulations showed that repeated application of organic fertilizer likely significantly increased the concentrations of Zn, Cd, and As in soil compared with the soil background levels according to the Soil Environmental Quality Standards of China. As and Cr pose high risks to human health, especially as carcinogenic risk factors with a skin exposure pathway. Reducing the content of Cr, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in organic fertilizer would be of great significance for minimizing the damage caused by trace metals.

scholarly journals Trace metal accumulation in decapods and its use in monitoring the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Annie Graham
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
The Impact

<p>Coastal habitats are susceptible to severe contamination due to their exposure to both marine and terrestrial inputs, many of which contain toxic heavy metals. Trace metals in the marine environment can have severe impacts on the health of coastal ecosystems, as even those with essential functions can be toxic at high concentrations, and non-essential elements can cause impairment of biological functions even at low levels.  It is important to understand the chemistry of New Zealand’s marine environment, in order to successfully monitor any changes to the chemical profile of the environment from anthropogenic pollutants. Biological indicators are a useful tool for monitoring ecosystem health, and the impact of human activity on the environment. Crustaceans fulfil all the criteria of being good environmental indicators, as well as having a range of feeding strategies, and being present at multiple trophic levels. The aim of this research was to 1) investigate spatial variation and the effect of urbanisation in trace metal concentration in two native decapod species, Heterozius rotundifrons and Petrolisthes elongatus, which co-occur but feed at different trophic levels; and 2) examine how essential and non-essential trace metals are accumulated into different body tissues of the decapod Jasus edwardsii, a significant cultural and fishery species.  To assess spatial variation and trophic level differences between decapods, baseline data of the concentrations of thirty trace metals was collected and analysed from both species at three sites in the Wellington region. Little variation was found between the sites, despite their differences in proximity to urban development, but significant differences were found between species, with the consumer H. rotundifrons having higher concentrations of most trace metals than the filter feeder P. elongatus.  To assess trace metal accumulation into tissues of J. edwardsii, an experiment was run exposing juveniles to water doped with an elevated copper and neodymium treatment. Copper was preferentially accumulated into the organ tissue, as was expected for an essential element. Neodymium was accumulated differentially into organ and exoskeleton tissue depending on the treatment, with specimens in the elevated treatment taking it up into the shell rather than the organs. A second experiment was also run to investigate whether moulted exoskeletons would passively absorb copper from their environment, which was shown to be the case.  This research aids in understanding the importance of multiple species monitoring, as trace element accumulation was shown to be highly variable depending on species and metals, and contributes valuable geochemical data on native New Zealand species, which have been little studied in this context.</p>

scholarly journals Methods and Advances in the Forensic Analysis of Contaminated Rivers

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Jerry Miller
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Forensic Analysis ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Alluvial Deposits ◽  
Isotopic Tracers ◽  
Metal Sources ◽  
Source Contributions ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Geochemical Parameters

Trace metals and metalloids are a common and persistent form of riverine (river) contamination and are derived from a wide variety of sources, including mining and milling operations, industrial activities, urban runoff, agricultural chemicals, and atmospheric pollution, among a host of others. Documentation of trace metal sources and dispersal pathways in riverine ecosystems is essential to mitigate their potentially harmful effects to human and ecosystem health and is often required from a legal (environmental forensic) perspective to assess liability for the costs of remediation. Unfortunately, documenting the sources and source contributions of trace metals in rivers has proven difficult, time-intensive, and costly. Herein, a four-component, interdisciplinary framework is proposed to efficiently identify the sources and source contributions of trace metals in alluvial sediments where multiple natural and/or anthropogenic sources exist. The components include (1) the analysis of the river’s alluvial stratigraphic architecture and geomorphic history, (2) the temporal correlation of geochemically characterized alluvial deposits to potential anthropogenic trace metal sources, (3) the analysis of the spatial variations in selected geochemical parameters, and (4) the use of geochemical and/or isotopic tracers to quantitatively estimate the contributions of trace metals from the defined natural and anthropogenic sources. The four components are not intended to be exhaustive; the framework may require modification following multiple lines of evidence approach, in which additional methods and data are added to the investigation until there is confidence that all trace metal sources and their contributions have been effectively defined.

scholarly journals Spatial Distributions, Sources, Potential Risks of Multi-Trace Metal/Metalloids in Street Dusts from Barbican Downtown Embracing by Xi’an Ancient City Wall (NW, China)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (16) ◽  
pp. 2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Jiwen Wang ◽  
Hameed Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
City Wall ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Brake Wear

A total of 116 dust samples in downtown within the city wall were collected, and the spatial occurrence, source and health risk status of 19 trace metal/metalloids bound in street dusts (SDs) were systematically investigated. Geochemical maps, associations, risk models and indices were calculated to define levels of distribution, possible natural or anthropogenic sources, ecological and human health risks. It was found that the wide variations of these 19 trace metals would be observed in spatial maps, which indicated strongly anthropogenic activities inputs. Compared to the calculations of the potential ecological risk index of toxic trace metals, Pb (Eri = 20.32) ranked at the level of considerable ecological risk. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk from most trace metals exposed to children and adults were no significant health risks, except for the non-carcinogenic risk of Cr and As to children, and the carcinogenic risk of Cr to adults. The unacceptable risk locations were observed at traffic conjunctions, which should be given attention. The source apportionment results indicated that the trace metals/metalloids Co, Ga, Nb, As, Ni, and Y, coupled with main elements Al, K, Mg, Ca and Si, would possibly originate from “Soil Re-suspension”, whereas Fe, Cu, Rb, La, Ba, Mn, Ti, Ce and Zr were possibly derived from “Brake Wear”. As regards the Na, no valid assumption was formulated about the presence of this element in brake wear, while Cr, Sr, Zn were possibly associated with “Tire Wear”. Comparatively, V would be suggested as a representative source of fuel consumption, and Pb could possibly belong to “Traffic Pigment”. It was noted that the barbican city, surrounded by the Xi’an Ancient City Wall at 12 m high, would trap the trace metal emissions, and consequently increase the health risk for local residents.

Zinc, iron, and copper absorption in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. E122-E128 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Craft ◽  
M. L. Failla
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Metal Absorption ◽  
Mucosal Mass ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rat ◽  
Cu And Zn

Altered tissue levels of trace metals have been reported in streptozotocin-diabetic (STZ) rats. To determine whether increased hepatic and renal levels of Cu and Zn were associated with enhanced intestinal absorption, trace metal absorption was studied in control (C) and STZ rats using dietary balance and in situ ligated-loop techniques. The apparent daily absorption of dietary Zn and Cu per 100 g body wt was threefold higher in STZ than C rats. In comparison, dietary Fe absorption per day was not altered. Increased Zn absorption was closely correlated with diabetes-associated polyphagia. The initial rate of injected 65Zn excretion was more rapid in STZ rats, although the rate of excretion beyond day 7 was similar from C and STZ animals. The quantity of Zn, Fe, and Cu absorbed per 20 cm duodenal loop was similar for C and STZ rats. Zn, Fe, and Cu absorption per gram dry mucosa were reduced 45-53% in STZ rats due to the 50% increase in mucosal mass. Moreover, the quantity of radioisotopes accumulated per gram dry mucosa and the concentration of metallothionein per gram mucosal cytosol protein were similar in C and STZ animals. Together, these data demonstrate that increased absorption of dietary Zn and Cu is in part responsible for accumulation of these elements in STZ tissues and suggest altered metal transport at the luminal (brush border) surface of the intestinal epithelium.

scholarly journals Trace metal accumulation in decapods and its use in monitoring the marine environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Annie Graham
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
The Impact

<p>Coastal habitats are susceptible to severe contamination due to their exposure to both marine and terrestrial inputs, many of which contain toxic heavy metals. Trace metals in the marine environment can have severe impacts on the health of coastal ecosystems, as even those with essential functions can be toxic at high concentrations, and non-essential elements can cause impairment of biological functions even at low levels.  It is important to understand the chemistry of New Zealand’s marine environment, in order to successfully monitor any changes to the chemical profile of the environment from anthropogenic pollutants. Biological indicators are a useful tool for monitoring ecosystem health, and the impact of human activity on the environment. Crustaceans fulfil all the criteria of being good environmental indicators, as well as having a range of feeding strategies, and being present at multiple trophic levels. The aim of this research was to 1) investigate spatial variation and the effect of urbanisation in trace metal concentration in two native decapod species, Heterozius rotundifrons and Petrolisthes elongatus, which co-occur but feed at different trophic levels; and 2) examine how essential and non-essential trace metals are accumulated into different body tissues of the decapod Jasus edwardsii, a significant cultural and fishery species.  To assess spatial variation and trophic level differences between decapods, baseline data of the concentrations of thirty trace metals was collected and analysed from both species at three sites in the Wellington region. Little variation was found between the sites, despite their differences in proximity to urban development, but significant differences were found between species, with the consumer H. rotundifrons having higher concentrations of most trace metals than the filter feeder P. elongatus.  To assess trace metal accumulation into tissues of J. edwardsii, an experiment was run exposing juveniles to water doped with an elevated copper and neodymium treatment. Copper was preferentially accumulated into the organ tissue, as was expected for an essential element. Neodymium was accumulated differentially into organ and exoskeleton tissue depending on the treatment, with specimens in the elevated treatment taking it up into the shell rather than the organs. A second experiment was also run to investigate whether moulted exoskeletons would passively absorb copper from their environment, which was shown to be the case.  This research aids in understanding the importance of multiple species monitoring, as trace element accumulation was shown to be highly variable depending on species and metals, and contributes valuable geochemical data on native New Zealand species, which have been little studied in this context.</p>

Trace metal contents in male, non-ovigerous and ovigerous females, and the egg sacs of the marine copepod, Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849 (Copepoda, Euchaetidae), collected from the southern East China Sea

Crustaceana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 1410-1424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Hui Hsiao ◽  
Tien-Hsi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
East China ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Trace Metal Content ◽  
Southern East China Sea ◽  
Marine Copepods

Marine copepods have a great ability to accumulate trace metals from seawater. The trace metal content in marine copepods may vary both intra- and inter-specifically. However, the known specific trace metal content of the copepod sexes and according to the ovigerous status of the females is very limited. Copepod samples of Euchaeta concinna Dana, 1849, were collected from the southern East China Sea and separated into four groups: males; non-ovigerous females; ovigerous females without egg sacs, and egg sacs, in order to analyse the trace metal contents (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in these samples. These trace metal contents were found to range between 0.04 and 195.7 μg/g. Zinc, Fe, and Cu were the major components among the trace metals studied and their concentrations generally exceeded 10 μg/g. The trace metal contents in the copepod body generally exceeded the amount in the egg sacs. However, the Cr concentration in the egg sacs was much higher than that in the copepod body, either male or female, and the value ranked as second just behind Zn among the metals studied. The nickel content was also slightly higher in the egg sacs. This study provides the important finding that E. concinna egg sacs contained Cr concentrations out of all proportions to that of the copepod body. Yet, why E. concinna egg sacs contain relatively higher Cr concentrations than the body remains a question to be answered.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

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