scholarly journals Maternal Mental Illness Is Associated with Adverse Neonate Outcomes: An Analysis of Inpatient Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (21) ◽  
pp. 4135
Author(s):  
Abigail Lopez ◽  
Monideepa B. Becerra ◽  
Benjamin J. Becerra
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Southern California ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Maternal Mental Illness

Objective: Addressing mental illness and associated outcomes is a major public health priority in the United States. In this study, our goal was to assess the role of maternal mental illness and its association to poor fetal growth and preterm delivery in one of the most socioeconomically disadvantaged areas of California. Methods: Data were obtained from the public database of California inpatient data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD). OSHPD provides de-identified data on all inpatient department visits within California, to ensure confidentially of patients. Each variable was dichotomized into a binary variable of presence or absence of diagnosis status. The primary independent variable was clinical diagnosis of any mental illness. The dependent variables were pregnancy birth outcomes defined as poor fetal growth and preterm delivery. We specifically focused on inland Southern California due to its higher socioeconomic burden and poor maternal–child outcomes. Results: In the inland Southern California area, which is generally a geographic location with high poverty, maternal mental illness was associated with 79% higher odds of poor fetal growth and 64% higher odds of preterm delivery. Increasing numbers of co-morbidities were also associated with poor fetal growth. On the other hand, being older, being on Medicaid or other insurance status, being non-Hispanic Black, as well as increasing co-morbidities were associated with increased odds of preterm delivery. Conclusions: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the immediate birth outcomes associated with maternal mental illness. Given the empirical evidence of the study, addressing maternal mental health status is a key public health issue, especially in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas.

Building a National Model of Public Mental Health Preparedness and Community Resilience: Validation of a Dual-Intervention, Systems-Based Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lee McCabe ◽  
Natalie L. Semon ◽  
Carol B. Thompson ◽  
Jeffrey M. Lating ◽  
George S. Everly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Health Departments ◽  
Preparedness Planning

AbstractObjectiveWorking within a series of partnerships among an academic health center, local health departments (LHDs), and faith-based organizations (FBOs), we validated companion interventions to address community mental health planning and response challenges in public health emergency preparedness.MethodsWe implemented the project within the framework of an enhanced logic model and employed a multi-cohort, pre-test/post-test design to assess the outcomes of 1-day workshops in psychological first aid (PFA) and guided preparedness planning (GPP). The workshops were delivered to urban and rural communities in eastern and midwestern regions of the United States. Intervention effectiveness was based on changes in relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) and on several behavioral indexes.ResultsSignificant improvements were observed in self-reported and objectively measured KSAs across all cohorts. Additionally, GPP teams proved capable of producing quality drafts of basic community disaster plans in 1 day, and PFA trainees confirmed upon follow-up that their training proved useful in real-world trauma contexts. We documented examples of policy and practice changes at the levels of local and state health departments.ConclusionsGiven appropriate guidance, LHDs and FBOs can implement an effective and potentially scalable model for promoting disaster mental health preparedness and community resilience, with implications for positive translational impact.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:511-526)

scholarly journals Predictors of Vape Shops Going out of Business in Southern California

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Galimov ◽  
Ellen Galstyan ◽  
Sheila Yu ◽  
Sabrina L. Smiley ◽  
Leah Meza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Southern California ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vape Shops

Objectives: Vape shops have proliferated in the United States (US) in recent years. As of May 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) asserted its authority to regulate electronic nicotine delivery systems. It is critical to understand how these polices have affected the vape shop industry, as the rise and fall of vape shop proliferation has the potential for influencing public health. Methods: In this longitudinal study, we examined factors associated with vape shop (N = 77) closure over a 2-1/2-year period in southern California. We assessed predictors of vape shops going out of business using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Among 77 vape shops assessed at baseline, 44.2% closed over a 2-1/2-year period. The absence of a "bar type" physical environment (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.12-6.20), poorer shop accessibility (OR = 7.11, 95% CI = 1.17-43.24), fewer reports of qualified personnel (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.12-4.64), less average time spent in shop by customers (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.18-19.60), a narrower e-liquid flavor selection (OR = 6.55, 95% CI = 1.56-27.49), and less vape device diversity (OR = 2.36, 95% C = 1.13-4.91) predicted vape shop closure. Conclusions: The rise and subsequent decline in vape shops could potentially affect public health. However, there needs to be more research on their association with public health..

scholarly journals Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith J. Prochaska ◽  
Smita Das ◽  
Kelly C. Young-Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
User Characteristics ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Policies ◽  
High Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Care Systems

Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. In particular, people with mental illness are disproportionately affected with high smoking prevalence; they account for more than 200,000 of the 520,000 tobacco-attributable deaths in the United States annually and die on average 25 years prematurely. Our review aims to provide an update on smoking in the mentally ill. We review the determinants of tobacco use among smokers with mental illness, presented with regard to the public health HAVE framework of “the host” (e.g., tobacco user characteristics), the “agent” (e.g., nicotine product characteristics), the “vector” (e.g., tobacco industry), and the “environment” (e.g., smoking policies). Furthermore, we identify the significant health harms incurred and opportunities for prevention and intervention within a health care systems and larger health policy perspective. A comprehensive effort is warranted to achieve equity toward the 2025 Healthy People goal of reducing US adult tobacco use to 12%, with attention to all subgroups, including smokers with mental illness.

How Do Urban Environments Affect Young People’s Mental Health? A Novel Conceptual Framework to Bridge Public Health, Planning, and Neurourbanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492098208
Author(s):  
Adrian Buttazzoni ◽  
Sean Doherty ◽  
Leia Minaker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Conceptual Frameworks ◽  
Socioecological Model

Childhood and adolescence are crucial periods for mental and social development. Currently, mental illness among young people is a global epidemic, and rates of disorders such as depression and anxiety are rising. Urban living, compared with rural living, is linked with a higher risk of serious mental illness, which is important because the world is urbanizing faster than ever before. Urban environments and their landscapes, designs, and features influence mental health and well-being. However, no conceptual frameworks to date have detailed the effect of urban environments on young people’s mental health, and few studies have considered the growing role of digital and social media in this relationship, leading to calls for the development of holistic approaches to describe this relationship. This article synthesizes existing knowledge on urban places (both built and natural environments) and mental health in the public health and urban planning literature and examines the emerging field of neurourbanism (a multidisciplinary study of the effect of urban environments on mental health and brain activity) to enhance current practice and research. We developed 2 novel conceptual frameworks (1 research-oriented, 1 practice-oriented), adapted from Bronfenbrenner’s socioecological model, that focus on the relationship between urban environments and young people’s mental health. We added a digital and social media contextual level to the socioecological model, and we applied a multilayer concept to highlight potential cross-field interactions and collaborations. The proposed frameworks can help to guide future practice and research in this area.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Deaths in the United States: Shifts in Hot Spots over the Three Phases of the Pandemic and the Spatiotemporally Varying Impact of Pandemic Vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8987
Author(s):  
Yoo Min Park ◽  
Gregory D. Kearney ◽  
Bennett Wall ◽  
Katherine Jones ◽  
Robert J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Three Phases

The geographic areas most impacted by COVID-19 may not remain static because public health measures/behaviors change dynamically, and the impacts of pandemic vulnerability also may vary geographically and temporally. The nature of the pandemic makes spatiotemporal methods essential to understanding the distribution of COVID-19 deaths and developing interventions. This study examines the spatiotemporal trends in COVID-19 death rates in the United States from March 2020 to May 2021 by performing an emerging hot spot analysis (EHSA). It then investigates the effects of the COVID-19 time-dependent and basic social vulnerability factors on COVID-19 death rates using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). The EHSA results demonstrate that over the three phases of the pandemic (first wave, second wave, and post-vaccine deployment), hot spots have shifted from densely populated cities and the states with a high percentage of socially vulnerable individuals to the states with relatively relaxed social distancing requirements, and then to the states with low vaccination rates. The GTWR results suggest that local infection and testing rates, social distancing interventions, and other social, environmental, and health risk factors show significant associations with COVID-19 death rates, but these associations vary over time and space. These findings can inform public health planning.

Debt and Mental Illness: An Untreated Public Health Epidemic

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Credit Card ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Credit Card Debt ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Household Costs

Trauma and various forms of trauma are at the root of many of the mental illness issues in the United States. Individuals living in the United States are increasingly plagued with multiple stressors and high expectations. Debt has become a way of life for most Americans with housing and medical costs growing faster than our incomes. In 2016, the average American household with credit card debt had more than $16,000 in credit card debt. Moreover, many statistics say that the majority of Americans are only one paycheck away from homelessness. Meaning, the majority of Americans are not only in significant credit card debt in an effort to meet basic household costs, but they are living paycheck to paycheck.

Jeremiah Barker: Background, Education, and Writings

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-32
Author(s):  
Richard J. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Medical Geography ◽  
The United States ◽  
Book Trade ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
Medical Book ◽  
Wide Assortment

An overview of Barker’s life includes a brief genealogy of his family, his marriages and children, the Penobscot Expedition, and a description of the geographic, social, religious, economic, and demographic setting of Gorham and Portland, Maine, in the late 1700s. The provenance of the Barker manuscript is followed by a summary of its contents, including material from the diary of Portland’s Rev. Thomas Smith detailing epidemics and diseases from 1735 to 1780 and Barker’s own discussion of mental illness, consumption, and a wide assortment of ailments and issues such as epidemic fever, bloodletting, childbed fever, cancer, public health, consumption, yellow fever, and the “dangers of spirituous liquors.” The chapter concludes with Dr. Samuel Mitchill’s 1798 article on medical geography and its relationship to epidemics in the United States and Britain, comments on the American medical book trade, a list of Barker’s articles published in the first and second US medical journals, and comments on yellow fever in Maine.

scholarly journals The Evidence Regarding Maintenance Tocolysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Elliott ◽  
John C. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Efficacy And Safety

Preterm delivery is a public health issue of major proportion. More than 12% of deliveries in the United States that occur at less than 37 weeks gestation preterm labor (PTL) represents the largest single reason for preterm birth (PTB). Attempts to prevent PTB have been unsuccessful. This paper of maintenance tocolytic therapy will examine the efficacy and safety of the drugs, both oral and subcutaneous, which have been utilized for prolongation of pregnancy following successful arrest of a documented episode of acute preterm labor. The evidence for oral tocolytics as maintenance therapy as well as parenteral medications for such patients is offered. Finally, the effects in the United States of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) action on such medications are reported.

scholarly journals FOCUS: Forecasting COVID-19 in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
VP Nagraj ◽  
Stephanie L Guertin ◽  
Chris Hulme-Lowe ◽  
Stephen D Turner
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Forecasting ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Public Health Planning ◽  
Automated Pipeline ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Near Term

Infectious disease forecasting has been a useful tool for public health planning and messaging during the COVID-19 pandemic. In partnership with the CDC, the organizers of the COVID-19 Forecast Hub have created a mechanism for forecasters from academia, industry, and government organizations to submit weekly near-term predictions of COVID-19 targets in the United States. Here we describe our efforts to participate in the COVID-19 Forecast Hub through the Forecasting COVID-19 in the United States (FOCUS) project. The effort led to more than three months of weekly submissions and development of an automated pipeline to generate forecasts. The models used in FOCUS yielded forecasts that ranked relatively well in terms of precision and accuracy.

scholarly journals Projecting COVID-19 isolation bed requirements for people experiencing homelessness

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0251153
Author(s):  
Tanvi A. Ingle ◽  
Maike Morrison ◽  
Xutong Wang ◽  
Timothy Mercer ◽  
Vella Karman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
General Rule ◽  
The United States ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
Acute Care Facilities ◽  
Isolation Facilities ◽  
The City ◽  
Risk Communities

As COVID-19 spreads across the United States, people experiencing homelessness (PEH) are among the most vulnerable to the virus. To mitigate transmission, municipal governments are procuring isolation facilities for PEH to utilize following possible exposure to the virus. Here we describe the framework for anticipating isolation bed demand in PEH communities that we developed to support public health planning in Austin, Texas during March 2020. Using a mathematical model of COVID-19 transmission, we projected that, under no social distancing orders, a maximum of 299 (95% Confidence Interval: 223, 321) PEH may require isolation rooms in the same week. Based on these analyses, Austin Public Health finalized a lease agreement for 205 isolation rooms on March 27th 2020. As of October 7th 2020, a maximum of 130 rooms have been used on a single day, and a total of 602 PEH have used the facility. As a general rule of thumb, we expect the peak proportion of the PEH population that will require isolation to be roughly triple the projected peak daily incidence in the city. This framework can guide the provisioning of COVID-19 isolation and post-acute care facilities for high risk communities throughout the United States.

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