scholarly journals Increased Physical Activity in Preparation for a Women-Only Mass Participation Sport Event: A Framework for Estimating the Health Impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Jelle Schoemaker ◽  
Simon van Genderen ◽  
Willem I. J. de Boer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
The Public ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Impact Framework ◽  
Mass Participation

Mass participation sporting events (MPSEs) are increasing in popularity. However, little research exists into the potential value of these events for improving public health by enhancing physical activity (PA). The aim of this study is to estimate the health impact of increased physical activity as a result of preparing for an MPSE. Participants of a mass participation women-only running event were asked if they performed additional PA in preparation of the event, including the length (weeks) and intensity (min per week). Additionally, self-reported change in health status was evaluated. Based on these results, we have developed a framework for estimating the cumulatively gained quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and monetary value thereof. Of the respondents (N = 468; mean age 42.3 ± 11.9 years), 32% performed additional vigorous PA in preparation of the event, with an average of 63 min per week over 8.8 weeks. Performing additional vigorous PA significantly improved the odds of self-rated health. The estimated total health impact of participants preparing for the Marikenloop was 6.6 QALYs gained with a corresponding monetary value between EUR 133,000 and EUR 532,000. We believe our health impact framework helps to understand that MPSEs can be a notable part of the public health domain.

Assessing the Public Health Impact and Effectiveness of Interventions To Prevent Salmonella Contamination of Sprouts

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGLIU DING ◽  
TONG-JEN FU
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
Calcium Hypochlorite ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Microbiological Testing

ABSTRACT Sprouts have been a recurring public health challenge due to microbiological contamination, and Salmonella has been the major cause of sprout-associated outbreaks. Although seed treatment and microbiological testing have been applied as risk reduction measures during sprout production, the extent to which their effectiveness in reducing the public health risks associated with sprouts has not been well investigated. We conducted a quantitative risk assessment to measure the risk posed by Salmonella contamination in sprouts and to determine whether and how mitigation strategies can achieve a satisfactory risk reduction based on the assumption that the risk reduction achieved by a microbiological sampling and testing program at a given sensitivity is equivalent to that achieved by direct inactivation of pathogens. Our results indicated that if the sprouts were produced without any risk interventions, the health impact caused by sprouts contaminated with Salmonella would be very high, with a median annual estimated loss of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of 691,412. Seed treatment (with 20,000 ppm of calcium hypochlorite) or microbiological sampling and testing of spent irrigation water (SIW) alone could reduce the median annual impact to 734 or 4,856 DALYs, respectively. Combining seed treatment with testing of the SIW would further decrease the risk to 58 DALYs. This number could be dramatically lowered to 3.99 DALYs if sprouts were produced under conditions that included treating seeds with 20,000 ppm of calcium hypochlorite plus microbiological testing of seeds, SIW, and finished products. Our analysis shows that the public health impact due to Salmonella contamination in sprouts could be controlled if seeds are treated to reduce pathogens and microbiological sampling and testing is implemented. Future advances in intervention strategies would be important to improve sprout safety further.

OP85 Value To Society Of A Nationwide Patient Blood Management Program

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. 38-39
Author(s):  
Dialina Brilhante ◽  
António Robalo Nunes ◽  
Cândida Fonseca ◽  
João Mairos ◽  
Jorge Félix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Readmission Rate ◽  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Patient Blood Management ◽  
Blood Management ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Hospitalization Costs

INTRODUCTION:Patient Blood Management (PBM) describes a multidisciplinary approach that strives to optimize patients own blood and has been reported to reduce blood components utilization while achieving improved patient outcomes and reduced healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the public health and economic impact related to the implementation of a nationwide PBM program in Portugal.METHODS:A decision-model comparing two scenarios (“current clinical practice” and “with PBM implementation”) was used to estimate the PBM impact including hospital-assisted patients from the following therapeutic areas: surgery (orthopaedic, cardiac and urologic), cardiology, oncology, gastrointestinal bleeding, abnormal uterine bleeding, hemodialysis, inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy. Model inputs were obtained from Portuguese national health databases and literature review. The public health impact was measured in life years (LY) gained, disability-adjusted life years (DALY) reduction, hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission rate reduction. The economic value was expressed in total and hospitalization costs savings.RESULTS:A total of 384,704 patients were eligible for PBM strategies. We estimated that a one year nationwide PBM implementation could avoid 594 premature deaths, representing a gain of 1,481 LY and a reduction of 3,660 DALYs relative to the current paradigm. An 8.4 percent and 37.3 percent reduction in length of stay and 30-day readmission rate are expected, respectively. This corresponds to EUR70.4 million savings in hospitalization costs. Although PBM closer monitoring would imply additional physician visits and medicines use, leading to EUR24.1 million in additional expenditure, in this population the overall PBM implementation can generate net savings of more than EUR67.7 million per year (6.3 percent reduction of public expenditure).CONCLUSIONS:The implementation of a nationwide PBM in Portugal may represent a great public health impact, especially in decreased mortality and disability, with substantial public expenditure reduction.

scholarly journals Antidepressants and public health in Iceland

2004 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tómas Helgason ◽  
Helgi Tómasson ◽  
Tómas Zoëga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
Admission Rates ◽  
Outpatient Visits ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder is the second leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years in developed regions of the world and antidepressants are the third-ranking therapy class worldwide.AimsTo test the public health impact of the escalating sales of antidepressants.MethodNationwide data from Iceland are used as an example to study the effect of sales of antidepressants on suicide, disability, hospital admissions and outpatient visits.ResultsSales of antidepressants increased from 8.4 daily defined doses per 1000 inhabitants per day in 1975 to 72.7 in 2000, which is a user prevalence of 8.7% for the adult population. Suicide rates fluctuated during 1950–2000 but did not show any definite trend. Rates for outpatient visits increased slightly over the period 1989–2000 and admission rates increased even more. The prevalence of disability due to depressive and anxiety disorders has not decreased over the past 25 years.ConclusionsThe dramatic increase in the sales of antidepressants has not had any marked impact on the selected public health measures. Obviously, better treatment for depressive disorders is still needed in order to reduce the burden caused by them.

Identifying Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.

scholarly journals Snus and snus-like nicotine products moving across Nordic borders: Can laws protect young people?

2021 ◽  
pp. 145507252199570
Author(s):  
Marjut Salokannel ◽  
Eeva Ollila
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
The Public ◽  
European Court ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Health Studies ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

Background: Use of snus and snus-like nicotine products is increasing, in particular among young people, in several Nordic countries and Estonia, while snus is legally on the market only in Sweden and Norway. Snus is available in a great variety of tastes and packaging particularly catering for young users. Recently, strong snus-resembling nicotine pouches have emerged on the market. This research investigates the regulatory means to counteract this development. Methods: European Union (EU) and national tobacco control legislation, case law of the European Court of Justice (CJEU) and relevant public health studies are analysed. Results: The research finds that the judgement of the CJEU relating to the sale of snus on Finnish ferries has not been enforced. Permitted large traveller imports for personal use have contributed to wide availability of snus in Finland. Even if the legislation in Sweden is in conformity with the exemption it obtained in the Accession Treaty, the public health impact of snus use for young people in its neighbouring countries has become considerable. Nicotine pouches, -which are not regarded as medical products in terms of medicine legislation, lack harmonised EU-wide regulation. Controlling smuggling across open borders is challenging. Conclusions: The legislation at the EU and national levels should be able to protect young people from new tobacco and nicotine products. It is urgent to harmonise regulation relating to new tobacco and nicotine products taking as a base a high level of protection of health as required in the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU.

scholarly journals The Public Health Impact of Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona and California

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1150-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard F. Hector ◽  
George W. Rutherford ◽  
Clarisse A. Tsang ◽  
Laura M. Erhart ◽  
Orion McCotter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Public Health Impact ◽  
The Public
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