scholarly journals Long-Term Fipronil Treatment Induces Hyperactivity in Female Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1579
Author(s):  
Svenja Koslowski ◽  
Camille Latapy ◽  
Pierrïck Auvray ◽  
Marc Blondel ◽  
Laurent Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Gaba Receptors ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Main Metabolite ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Cognitive Deficiencies

Fipronil is an insecticide widely used for veterinary and agricultural purposes. While its insecticidal properties mostly rely on its high affinity antagonistic activity on insect γ aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors, fipronil and its main metabolite fipronil sulfone nevertheless display non-negligible affinity for mammalian GABAA receptor. As several environmental toxicants have been shown to raise the risk of developing various neurodegenerative disorders, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether long-term low dose administration of fipronil could lead to cognitive deficiencies. Our results indicate that long-term fipronil treatment leads to behavioral perturbations in mice, indicating an accumulative effect of sustained exposure to low dose of fipronil. Although no memory impairment was observed during the course of our study, we noticed a significant hyperlocomotion behavior after 43 weeks of weekly fipronil administration, which is consistent with its direct effect on the GABAergic system.

Effect of Long-Term and Low-Dose Administration of Erythromycin on Proliferation of T Lymphocytes

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Harita ◽  
S. Kuyama ◽  
T. Okada ◽  
Y. Tanizaki
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Administration

Long-Term Low-Dose Administration of Erythromycin to Patients with Diffuse Panbronchiolitis

Respiration ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Nagai ◽  
Harumi Shishido ◽  
Ryozo Yoneda ◽  
Eriko Yamaguchi ◽  
Atsuhisa Tamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Diffuse Panbronchiolitis

Safety and Effectiveness of Low-Dose Clozapine in Psychogeriatric Patients: A Preliminary Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Oberholzer ◽  
C. Hendriksen ◽  
A. U. Monsch ◽  
B. Heierli ◽  
H. B. Stähelin
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Dose Administration ◽  
Group Of Seven ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Treatment Tolerance ◽  
Psychogeriatric Patients

The short- and long-term treatment tolerance of low-dose clozapine was retrospectively investigated in 18 psychogeriatric patients. Discontinued use of the drug because of side effects or inefficiency was required for only four patients. In the long-term treatment group leukopenia was not observed, and disturbances of liver function appeared to be very infrequent. A second group of seven severely demented psychogeriatric inpatients who were currently being treated with low-dose clozapine underwent a withdrawal study in order to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, measured by the NOSIE and the SCAG scales. The results indicate that for patients such as these, with paranoid or socially disturbing behavior who also tend to develop severe neurological side effects with classical neuroleptics, a low-dose administration of clozapine is an acceptable alternative treatment.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

The Acute Effect of Alcohol on Various Memory Processes

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márk Molnár ◽  
Roland Boha ◽  
Balázs Czigler ◽  
Zsófia Anna Gaál
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Legal Consequences

This review surveys relevant and recent data of the pertinent literature regarding the acute effect of alcohol on various kinds of memory processes with special emphasis on working memory. The characteristics of different types of long-term memory (LTM) and short-term memory (STM) processes are summarized with an attempt to relate these to various structures in the brain. LTM is typically impaired by chronic alcohol intake but according to some data a single dose of ethanol may have long lasting effects if administered at a critically important age. The most commonly seen deleterious acute effect of alcohol to STM appears following large doses of ethanol in conditions of “binge drinking” causing the “blackout” phenomenon. However, with the application of various techniques and well-structured behavioral paradigms it is possible to detect, albeit occasionally, subtle changes of cognitive processes even as a result of a low dose of alcohol. These data may be important for the consideration of legal consequences of low-dose ethanol intake in conditions such as driving, etc.

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