scholarly journals Georeferencing of Personal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from Wi-Fi in a University Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez ◽  
Sameer Arabasi ◽  
Hussein Al-Taani ◽  
Suhad Sbeih ◽  
Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Measurement Protocol ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
New Generation

In the last two decades, due to the development of the information society, the massive increase in the use of information technologies, including the connection and communication of multiple electronic devices, highlighting Wi-Fi networks, as well as the emerging technological advances of 4G and 5G (new-generation mobile phones that will use 5G), have caused a significant increase in the personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF), and as a consequence, increasing discussions about the possible adverse health effects. The main objective of this study was to measure the personal exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields from the Wi-Fi in the university area of German Jordanian University (GJU) and prepare georeferenced maps of the registered intensity levels and to compare them with the basic international restrictions. Spot measurements were made outside the university area at German Jordanian University. Measurements were made in the whole university area and around two buildings. Two Satimo EME SPY 140 (Brest, France) personal exposimeters were used, and the measurements were performed in the morning and afternoon, and on weekends and weekdays. The total average personal exposure to RF-EMF from the Wi-Fi band registered in the three study areas and in the four days measured was 28.82 μW/m2. The average total exposure from the Wi-Fi band registered in the ten measured points of the university area of GJU was 22.97 μW/m2, the one registered in the eight measured points of building H was 34.48 μW/m2, and the one registered in the eight points of building C was 29.00 μW/m2. The maximum average values registered in the campus of GJU are below the guidelines allowed by International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The measurement protocol used in this work has been applied in measurements already carried out in Spain and Mexico, and it is applicable in university areas of other countries.

scholarly journals Personal Exposure Assessment to Wi-Fi Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Mexican Microenvironments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1857
Author(s):  
Raquel Ramirez-Vazquez ◽  
Jesus Gonzalez-Rubio ◽  
Isabel Escobar ◽  
Carmen del Pilar Suarez Rodriguez ◽  
Enrique Arribas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Wireless Internet ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Personal Exposure Assessment ◽  
Study Participants

In recent years, personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has substantially increased, and most studies about RF-EMF with volunteers have been developed in Europe. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study carried out in Mexico with personal exposimeters. The main objective was to measure personal exposure to RF-EMF from Wireless Fidelity or wireless Internet connection (Wi-Fi) frequency bands in Tamazunchale, San Luis Potosi, Mexico, to compare results with maximum levels permitted by international recommendations and to find if there are differences in the microenvironments subject to measurements. The study was conducted with 63 volunteers in different microenvironments: home, workplace, outside, schools, travel, and shopping. The mean minimum values registered were 146.5 μW/m2 in travel from the Wi-Fi 2G band and 116.8 μW/m2 at home from the Wi-Fi 5G band, and the maximum values registered were 499.7 μW/m2 and 264.9 μW/m2 at the workplace for the Wi-Fi 2G band and the Wi-Fi 5G band, respectively. In addition, by time period and type of day, minimum values were registered at nighttime, these values being 129.4 μW/m2 and 93.9 μW/m2, and maximum values were registered in the daytime, these values being 303.1 μW/m2 and 168.3 μW/m2 for the Wi-Fi 2G and Wi-Fi 5G bands, respectively. In no case, values exceeded limits established by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Of the study participants (n = 63), a subgroup (n = 35) answered a survey on risk perception. According to these results, the Tamazunchale (Mexico) population is worried about this situation in comparison with several European cities; however, the risk perception changes when they are informed about the results for the study.

scholarly journals The Social Cost of the Integration of Information and Communication Technologies: Communication on the Young of the Republic of Mauritius

10.28945/3249 ◽  
2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahendrenath Motah
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The One ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact

The applications of the Information, Education and Communication approaches to all sectors have brought unexpected changes in the attitudes and behaviours of people of all ages. The overwhelming amount of theoretical and empirical work done regarding the impact of ICT on educational processes has highlighted the benefits of ICT to students, teachers, and parents. Mauritius is faced with a double dilemma: the positive value of information technologies, on the one hand, and the potentialities and possibilities of the negative impact on the life of people on the other. This paper aims to gauge the impact of the ICT, IEC and IT on the Mauritian population confronted with the issues related to the access to information through the technological advances the world has been exposed to. It is also to draw the attention of policy-makers of the need to consider the “digital opportunity” and its influence on the Mauritian population.

scholarly journals Tracking Devices for Pets: Health Risk Assessment for Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2721
Author(s):  
Judith Klune ◽  
Christine Arhant ◽  
Ines Windschnurer ◽  
Veronika Heizmann ◽  
Günther Schauberger
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Ambient Exposure ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Tracking Devices

Every year, approximately 3% of cats and dogs are lost. In addition to passive methods for identifying pets, radiofrequency tracking devices (TDs) are available. These TDs can track a pet’s geographic position, which is transmitted by radio frequencies. The health risk to the animals from continuous exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMFs) was reviewed. Fourteen out of twenty-one commercially available TDs use 2G, 3G, or 4G mobile networks, and the others work with public frequencies, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc. The exposure of pets to RF-EMFs was assessed, including ambient exposure (radios, TVs, and base stations of mobile networks), exposure from indoor devices (DECT, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc.), and the exposure from TDs. The exposure levels of the three areas were found to be distinctly below the International Commission on Non-Ionising Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) reference levels, which assure far-reaching protection from adverse health effects. The highest uncertainty regarding the exposure of pets was related to that caused by indoor RF-emitting devices using WLAN and DECT. This exposure can be limited considerably through a reduction in the exposure time and an increase in the distance between the animal and the RF-emitting device. Even though the total RF-EMF exposure level experienced by pets was found to be below the reference limits, recommendations were derived to reduce potential risks from exposure to TDs and indoor devices.

scholarly journals Teaching lawyer intercultural professional communication during the COVID-19 pandemic

XLinguae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-181
Author(s):  
Darya Viktorovna Aleynikova
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Communication ◽  
Distance Teaching ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Life Education ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

COVID-19 Pandemic has significantly affected and changed many spheres of life. Education is said to be one of the most vulnerable. The article offers an analysis of problems faced by teachers and students during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the area of intercultural professional communication. The article provides a comparative analysis of the notions of distance teaching, online teaching, and emergent remote teaching. The author discusses problems of emergent remote teaching lawyers intercultural professional communication. One possible solution to the problems discussed is seen in the use of information and communication technology (ICT). Particular emphasis is made on the description of new ICT techniques that could be used while teaching lawyers. The author stresses the significance of continuous learning in the period of the COVID-19 Pandemic, as well as the importance of applying an action-oriented approach in teaching lawyers. The author concludes that, on the one hand, emergency remote teaching has revealed vulnerabilities. On the other hand, it has demonstrated teachers' and staff's organization skills, ability to adapt to new conditions, and creativity that boost students' motivation in the educational process. The idea of the university educational environment is the upbringing of an independent, critically thinking personality, ready to consciously build his own life, to raise his spiritual, moral, and professional level. The author regards the situation that higher education faced as a good experience. Technological advances in the informatization of education open up new prospects for increasing the availability, efficiency, and quality of education. The author employs an experimental research design and combines both qualitative and quantitative design: descriptive and statistical analyses (correlation analysis and T-test).

scholarly journals Assessment of personal exposure from radiofrequency-electromagnetic fields in Australia and Belgium using on-body calibrated exposimeters

2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 547-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chhavi Raj Bhatt ◽  
Arno Thielens ◽  
Baki Billah ◽  
Mary Redmayne ◽  
Michael J. Abramson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Personal Exposure ◽  
Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields
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