scholarly journals Effect of Trade Openness on Food Security in the EU: A Dynamic Panel Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 4311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Fusco ◽  
Benedetta Coluccia ◽  
Federica De Leo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The problem of food insecurity is growing across the world, including economically developed countries. In Europe, the question is not just about the total supply of foods, but it includes even the accessibility of prices and their nutritional and qualitative adequacy. In this context many countries recognize the importance of trade policies to ensure adequate levels of food security. The aim of this work was to analyze the impact of trade openness on the level of food security in European countries, using a dynamic panel analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach. We selected two different indicators of food security (average protein supply, average dietary energy supply adequacy) capable of offering information both on the quantity and on the nutritional quality of the food supply. In order to improve the robustness of the empirical results, we developed three different regressions, with three trade openness indicators (trade openness, tariff, globalization) for each food security indicator. The results showed that commercial opening has, on average, a statistically significant net positive impact on the food security of European countries. Additional results indicate that also economic development, together with the importance of the agricultural sector, can improve food security levels.

The Determinants of Military Expenditure in Asia and Oceania, 1992–2016: A Dynamic Panel Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Trade Openness ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis ◽  
Difference Gmm ◽  
The Impact

AbstractUsing a dynamic panel approach, this article examines the determinants of military expenditures for 29 Asian and Oceanian countries during 1992–2016. A two-step difference-GMM estimator is applied. Both the impact of Chinese and US military expenditure on sample countries’ military budgets are considered. Results show that sample countries do not respond to Chinese military expenditure; however, these countries respond to US military expenditure. Moreover, lagged military expenditure, GDP, population, and trade openness are important determinants of military spending, while wars and regime type are not.

scholarly journals Impact of Trade Openness on Food Security: Evidence from Panel Data for Central Asian Countries

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Zhilu Sun ◽  
Defeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Central Asian Countries ◽  
The Impact

The problem of food insecurity has become increasingly critical across the world since 2015, which threatens the lives and livelihoods of people around the world and has historically been a challenge confined primarily to developing countries, to which the countries of Central Asia, as typical transition countries, cannot be immune either. Under this context, many countries including Central Asian countries have recognized the importance of trade openness to ensure adequate levels of food security and are increasingly reliant on international trade for food security. Using the 2001–2018 panel data of Central Asian countries, based on food security’s four pillars (including availability, access, stability, and utilization), this study empirically estimates the impact of trade openness and other factors on food security and traces a U-shaped (or inverted U-shaped) relationship between trade openness and food security by adopting a panel data fixed effect model as the baseline model, and then conducts the robustness test by using the least-squares (LS) procedure for the pooled data and a dynamic panel data (DPD) analysis with the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach, simultaneously. The results show that: (1) a U-shaped relationship between trade openness and the four pillars of food security was found, which means that beyond a certain threshold of trade openness, food security status tends to improve in Central Asian countries; (2) gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, GDP growth, and agricultural productivity have contributed to the improvement of food security. Employment in agriculture, arable land, freshwater withdrawals in agriculture, population growth, natural disasters, and inflation rate have negative impacts on food security; and (3) this study confirms that trade policy reforms can finally be conducive to improving food security in Central Asian countries. However, considering the effects of other factors, potential negative effects of trade openness, and vulnerability of global food trade network, ensuring reasonable levels of food self-sufficiency is still very important for Central Asian countries to achieve food security. Our research findings can provide scientific support for sustainable food system strategies in Central Asian countries.

Is Trade in Services Healthier than Trade in Goods?

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 20160068
Author(s):  
Vishalkumar J Jani
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
The Impact

There has been an ongoing debate about the impact of trade openness on the health. This study aims to inform this debate by comparing health impacts of trade in services vis-à-vis trade in goods. Prima facie, the former, due to association with the higher human capital requirement and less pollution, may have a higher positive health impact. The main finding is that the trade in services has a higher positive impact on the health status compared to that of the trade in goods. However, for the least developed countries trade in goods is the dominant factor impacting the health status.

scholarly journals The impact of taxes effects on the economic growth of developing countries in ASIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Văn Thuận Nguyễn ◽  
Xuân Hằng Trần ◽  
Minh Hằng Nguyễn ◽  
Thị Kim Chi Ng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the study is to examine the impact of taxes on economic growth in developing countries in Asia during 18-year period (2000-2017). Using the estimation methods of OLS, FEM, REM, GLS and two-step system generalized method of moments (S-GMM) for panel data. Empirical results show that taxation has a positive impact on economic growth at level of 1%, while the most studies consider this to be a negative relationship. Besides, factors such as government spending, trade openness, inflation also have a significant impact on economic growth. On that basis, the study provides some policy suggestions for tax policies in these countries.

scholarly journals FOOD SECURITY AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Marina Abdul Manap ◽  
Normaz Wana Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Dynamic Panel Data ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
The Impact

The world has seen continued famine, starvation, and malnutrition. Starvation and malnutrition have a negative impact on health, leading to poor productivity, and thus gradually affecting overall economic growth. This paper estimates the impact of food security on the economic growth of dry-land developing countries. The objective of this study is to measures the impact of food security on economic growth directly and through poverty, life expectancy, and total employment. This study employs a dynamic panel data model known as the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The finding of this study has proved that food security has an impact on economic growth, especially in dry-land developing countries. This research has identified that food security has a significant positive impact on food security, as an increase in food security increases economic growth. Nonetheless, food security also has an impact on economic growth in terms of life expectancy, total employment, and poverty, whereas life expectancy and total employment with better food security have a positive impact on economic growth, reduction in poverty, achieving food security and enhancing economic growth.

scholarly journals Dynamic Panel Analysis under Cross-Sectional Dependence

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khusrav Gaibulloev ◽  
Todd Sandler ◽  
Donggyu Sul
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dynamic Panels ◽  
Cross Sectional Dependence ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates inconsistency and invalid statistical inference that often characterize dynamic panel analysis in international political economy. These econometric concerns are tied to Nickell bias and cross-sectional dependence. First, we discuss how to avoid Nickell bias in dynamic panels. Second, we put forward factor-augmented dynamic panel regression as a means for addressing cross-sectional dependence. As a specific application, we use our methods for an analysis of the impact of terrorism on economic growth. Different terrorism variables are shown to have no influence on economic growth for five regional samples when Nickell bias and cross-dependence are taken into account. Our finding about terrorism and growth is contrary to the extant literature.

Determinants Of Internet Financial Reporting Of Croatian Banks – Panel Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Ivica Pervan ◽  
Marijana Bartulović
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Capital And Ownership Structure ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Descriptive Level

<p>In the recent years, reporting and transparency of banks is in the focus of national and international regulators and their aim is to increase the transparency of financial institutions in order to strengthen stability of the banking system. In this paper, the authors used dynamic panel analysis in order to analyze the practice of Internet financial reporting of Croatian banks in the period from 2010 to 2014. Research of Bank's Internet financial reporting practices was carried out at two levels. At the first, descriptive level, the goal of the research was to determine the level as well as trends of Internet financial reporting of 27 Croatian banks during the observed period. It is assumed that the level of Internet financial reporting during the analyzed period increased as a result of stricter regulations in the financial sector. In order to measure the level of financial reporting by banks, Bank Internet financial reporting score was developed on the basis of 45 elements - criteria which are divided into two groups: financial reporting (20 elements) and corporate governance and risks (25 elements). The second goal of the research was to determine factors that significantly affect the practice of Bank Internet financial reporting in Croatia. The authors applied dynamic panel analysis in order to determine the impact of size, profitability, adequacy of capital and ownership structure on the level of Internet financial reporting of banks.</p>

scholarly journals The Effects of Financial and Political Risks on Economic Risk in Southern European Countries: A Dynamic Panel Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dervis Kirikkaleli ◽  
Kelvin Onyibor
Keyword(s):  
European Countries ◽  
Panel Analysis ◽  
Economic Risk ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Dynamic Panel Analysis ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Financial Environment

In this study, we investigate the effects of financial and political riskson the economic risk in Southern European countries. Quarterly data were employed, covering the period from 2000/Q1 to 2015/Q4. We performed the Pedroni Cointegration, Westerlund Cointegration, Common Correlated Estimated Mean Group (CCEMG), and Dynamic Common Correlated Estimated Mean Group technique (dynamic CCEMG). Our empirical findings suggest that (i) an improved financial environment is associated with less economic risk in the Southern European countries; (ii) political risk is harmful to economic stability.

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