scholarly journals Demographic and Comorbidities Data Description of Population in Mexico with SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients(COVID19): An Online Tool Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5173
Author(s):  
Carlos E. Galván-Tejada ◽  
Laura A. Zanella-Calzada ◽  
Karen E. Villagrana-Bañuelos ◽  
Arturo Moreno-Báez ◽  
Huizilopoztli Luna-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Data Description ◽  
Graphic Information ◽  
R Project ◽  
Visualization Tools ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Governments ◽  
Web Platform

The Word Health Organization (WHO) declared in March 2020 that we are facing a pandemic designated as COVID-19, which is the acronym of coronavirus disease 2019, caused by a new virus know as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In Mexico, the first cases of COVID-19, was reported by the Secretary of Health on 28 February 2020. More than sixteen thousand cases and more than fifteen thousand deaths have been reported in Mexico, and it continues to rise; therefore, this article proposes two online visualization tools (a web platform) that allow the analysis of demographic data and comorbidities of the Mexican population. The objective of these tools is to provide graphic information, fast and updated, based on dataset obtained directly from National Governments Health Secretary (Secretaría de Salud, SSA) which is daily refreshed with the information related to SARS-CoV-2. To allow a dynamical update and friendly interface, and approach with R-project, a well-known Open Source language and environment for statistical computing and Shiny package, were implemented. The dataset is loaded automatically from the latest version released by the federal government of Mexico. Users can choose to study particular groups determined by gender, entity, type of result (positive, negative, pending outcome) and comorbidity. The image results are plots that can be instantly interpreted and supported by the text summary. This tool, in addition to being a consultation for the general public, is useful in Public Health to facilitate the visualization of the data, allowing its timely interpretation due to the changing nature of COVID-19, it can even be used for decision-making by leaders, for the benefit of the health of the community.

scholarly journals Using the Paleobiology Database and MorphoBank to facilitate collaborative research and data archival

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
R Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visualization Tools

The internet has made it possible to share and store large quantities of data, and as a result, there is an increasing imperative to make data easily accessible and results reproducible. This has been facilitated by the proliferation of online tools available for archiving and sharing data. In this talk I will describe two databases that are structured in different ways but provide useful platforms for collaboration, reproducibility, and data archival. The first is the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), which is a public resource for paleontological data in support of global, collection-based occurrence and taxonomic data for organisms of all geologic ages. I will give a brief history of the PBDB; describe how data is contributed; describe data services for browsing data, downloading data, and the independent development of analytical and visualization tools; and describe how to make research based on data from the PBDB replicable. The second is MorphoBank, which is a project-based platform for organizing and archiving morphological data and images affiliated with that data, and whose primary use has been for building morphological matrices for use in phylogenetic and disparity analyses. I will give a brief history of MorphoBank; describe tools for data creation, editing, and export; and describe how the platform is best used for replicability and data archival during the review process and after publication. Finally, I will discuss the future of both databases, focusing particularly on initiatives for connecting each with other databases and with the R Project for Statistical Computing, as well as educational resources and funding.

scholarly journals Using the Paleobiology Database and MorphoBank to facilitate collaborative research and data archival

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie J Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Public Resource ◽  
Online Tools ◽  
R Project ◽  
History Of ◽  
Visualization Tools

The internet has made it possible to share and store large quantities of data, and as a result, there is an increasing imperative to make data easily accessible and results reproducible. This has been facilitated by the proliferation of online tools available for archiving and sharing data. In this talk I will describe two databases that are structured in different ways but provide useful platforms for collaboration, reproducibility, and data archival. The first is the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), which is a public resource for paleontological data in support of global, collection-based occurrence and taxonomic data for organisms of all geologic ages. I will give a brief history of the PBDB; describe how data is contributed; describe data services for browsing data, downloading data, and the independent development of analytical and visualization tools; and describe how to make research based on data from the PBDB replicable. The second is MorphoBank, which is a project-based platform for organizing and archiving morphological data and images affiliated with that data, and whose primary use has been for building morphological matrices for use in phylogenetic and disparity analyses. I will give a brief history of MorphoBank; describe tools for data creation, editing, and export; and describe how the platform is best used for replicability and data archival during the review process and after publication. Finally, I will discuss the future of both databases, focusing particularly on initiatives for connecting each with other databases and with the R Project for Statistical Computing, as well as educational resources and funding.

scholarly journals Re-assessing the Foundations: Worldwide Smallpox Eradication, 1957–67

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-93
Author(s):  
Sanjoy Bhattacharya ◽  
Carlos Eduardo D’Avila Pereira Campani
Keyword(s):  
Majority Vote ◽  
World Health ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Eradication Programme ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
Western Africa ◽  
The World ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Governments

An expansive, worldwide smallpox eradication programme (SEP) was announced by the World Health Assembly in 1958, leading this decision-making body to instruct the World Health Organization Headquarters in Geneva to work with WHO regional offices to engage and draw in national governments to ensure success. Tabled by the Soviet Union’s representative and passed by a majority vote by member states, the announcement was subject to intense diplomatic negotiations. This led to the formation, expansion and reshaping of an ambitious and complex campaign that cut across continents and countries. This article examines these inter-twining international, regional and national processes, and challenges long-standing historiographical assumptions about the fight against smallpox only gathering strength from the mid-1960s onwards, after the start of a US-supported programme in western Africa. The evidence presented here suggests a far more complex picture. It shows that although the SEP’s structures grew slowly between 1958 and 1967, a worldwide eradication programme resulted from international negotiations made possible through gains during this period. Significant progress in limiting the incidence of smallpox sustained international collaboration, and justified the prolongation and expansion of activities. Indeed, all of this bore diplomatic and legal processes within the World Health Assembly and WHO that acted as the foundation of the so-called intensified phase of the SEP and the multi-faceted activities that led to the certification of smallpox eradication in 1980.

scholarly journals In Memoriam Dietrich Hoffmann

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 254-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Klus ◽  
M Kunze ◽  
Beiträge Editors of
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
International Agency ◽  
The World ◽  
In Memoriam ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Governments

AbstractDietrich Hoffmann passed away on April 20, 2011, at his home in Larchmont, New York. He had suffered from Parkinson's disease for more than 20 years. With Dietrich Hoffmann's death the tobacco community lost one of its most prominent scientists, who was familiar with all areas of tobacco research. His work guided and influenced a whole generation of scientists working in the tobacco industry, universities, regulatory agencies, national governments or international organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It is an obligation of honor for the authors M. Kunze, H. Klus, and the editors of BeiträgezurTabakforschung International publish a short tribute in memory of Dietrich Hoffmann.

scholarly journals The clinical features of COVID-19 patients with positive viral RNA stool test results and possibility of fecal-oral transmission : A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Selina Natalia ◽  
Felicia Imanuella Thorion ◽  
Luky Adlino ◽  
Clifford Eltin John ◽  
Andree Kurniawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
World Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Health Organization

Objective : Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as an international public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO), with outbreaks in over 200 countries and causing over 390,000 deaths globally. ACE-2 receptors are highly expressed in the upper and lower gastrointestinal system, providing a prerequisite for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, over half of the COVID-19 patients have viral nucleic acid detected in their feces and almost one-quarter of the cases, the stool samples test positive even when respiratory samples are negative. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize literature and to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with positive viral RNA stool test for COVID-19 and if there is a possibility of fecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus.Method : This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020183049). A systematic search of the literature for observational study and randomized control trial was conducted in PubMed central and Google Scholar through May 5th, 2020. Three reviewers independently searched and selected. The risk of bias was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment tool.Results : 340 articles were screened, then from which eight articles were selected. Of eight articles that were included in this study, we sought for three main categories of the clinical manifestation; gastrointestinal, respiratory, and others. Each study was reviewed systematically to gain demographic data and evidence regarding the possibility of fecal oral transmission in SARS-CoV-2. Two studies reported prolongation of positive stool test results after the respiratory specimen conversion to negative which support the theory of fecal oral transmission.Conclusion : In conclusion, diarrhea, cough, and fever are the most common clinical manifestations in COVID-19 patients with positive RNA stool test results. Fecal oral transmission may be possible due to the ACE-2 receptors in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract. RNA stool test should be used as addition in discharging COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals STATUS OF THE INVASION OF A POACEAE SPECIES IN TROPICAL SEMIARID RESERVOIRS

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M.A. ALVES ◽  
M.B. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
L.G. BARBOSA
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Relevant Factor ◽  
R Program ◽  
R Project ◽  
Environmental Instability ◽  
Biotic Acceptance

ABSTRACT The species of the Urochloa genus, exotic and infesting in Brazilian waters, are known to be invasive and dominant, occupying from humid, shallow areas, and irrigation canals to margins of deep reservoirs. This paper hypothesis that less depth reservoirs have higher infestation rate and higher biomass of U. arrecta. The objectives were to measure the percentage of occurrence of exotic macrophyte U. arrecta in 40 ecosystems from the Mamanguape basin (Paraíba, Brazil) and determine the infestation of the species in two reservoirs. The acquired data were geo-referenced with the ArcGIS software (v. 9.3). A covariance analysis was performed using the R program (The R project is Statistical Computing). The results showed large spatial distribution of the species, indicating that reservoirs may act as steppingstones in the landscape, in a regional scale. The hypothesis of biotic acceptance is seen as a relevant factor in explaining the presence of the species with low percentage of occurrence in 37 out of the 40 sampled ecosystems, being observed only in areas prone to the colonization of native and naturalized macrophytes, in banks and points of lower declivity, in both spatial scales studied. Thus, factors such as environmental instability (promoted by intermittent or prolonged desiccation of the habitat), shadowing and declivity of the reservoirs synergistically acted on exotic and native species.

Questionnaire-Based Prevalence of Physical Activity Level on Adults According to Different International Guidelines: Impact on Surveillance and Policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1014-1021
Author(s):  
Edgard Melo Keene von Koenig Soares ◽  
Guilherme E. Molina ◽  
Daniel Saint Martin ◽  
João Luís A. E. Sadat P. Leitão ◽  
Keila E. Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
State 1 ◽  
Weekly Frequency

Background: The World Health Organization recommends 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity (PA) throughout the week. However, the weekly frequency of PA and how to combine moderate and vigorous PA to define who reaches the recommended PA are controversial. PA level might be highly different based on the recommendation and/or the criteria employed. Methods: Demographic data and PA level evaluated by International Physical Activity Questionnaire from 3 random and representative samples from 1 state, 1 city, and 1 local organization in Brazil were analyzed (n = 2961). Nine criteria from different recommendations were used to define PA level. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals of sufficient PA were calculated for each criterion and compared with the referent (World Health Organization guideline). Total agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were also calculated with 95% confidence interval. Results: When a weekly frequency of PA was required, the prevalence of sufficient PA decreased by 11% (P < .05). For all criteria, doubling the vigorous PA minutes was similar to simply adding them to moderate PA. These findings are consistent regardless of sex, age, and educational level. Conclusion: Prevalence estimates and agreement between different PA recommendations were significantly affected when a minimum frequency was required but did not change when vigorous PA minutes were doubled.

scholarly journals APPENDIX:Planktic foraminiferal diversity: logistic growth overprinted by a varying environment

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés L. Cárdenas Rozo ◽  
Peter J. Harries
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Statistical Computing ◽  
Supplementary Data ◽  
R Project ◽  
Varying Environment

Cárdenas Rozo AL, Harries PJ. Planktic foraminiferal diversity: logistic growth overprinted by a varying environment. Acta biol. Colomb. 2016;21(3):501-508. The statistical analyses, were done using R (The R Project for Statistical Computing, www.r-project.org). This appendix includes: Supplementary data Supplementary methods Tables 1 to 11 Figures 1 to 4 Supplementary references

scholarly journals The state of psychogeriatrics in Europe: challenges and opportunities in six European countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia Fernandes ◽  
Raimundo Mateos ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Armin von Gunten ◽  
Max L. Stek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health ◽  
Know How ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
To Come ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
National Governments

With the increase in aging all over the world, and the elderly population nearly tripling from 524 million (8% of the world's population) in 2010 to 1.5 billion (16% of the world's population) in 2050, we will face new challenges and opportunities in providing healthcare. In 2050, it is estimated that Europe will see an increase of 70% in elderly population aged over 65 years, and 170% in those aged over 80 years (World Health Organization (WHO), 2011). It is vital to respond to the needs of this emerging population and the consequent rise in chronic diseases, especially dementia and mental health disorders, which will overload the healthcare system, as well as raise health and social costs, and demand new policies from national governments (World Health Organization, 2012). We urgently need to know how to organize healthcare for elderly people in the years to come.

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