Selected Behavioural Factors Affecting Oral Health in Schoolchildren: Results from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Slovak Study

Oral diseases, particularly dental caries, affect as much as nine in 10 persons globally. Its development starts during childhood. Behavioural factors play an important role in its aetiology. The aim of the research was to analyse the prevalence of selected behavioural factors associated with dental caries in Slovak adolescents. Selected factors, such as toothbrushing less than once a day, consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks daily and their combination, were analysed using data from Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys carried out in 2005/2006, 2009/2010, 2013/2014 and 2017/2018 in Slovakia. The target group consisted of 11- to 13-year-old schoolchildren. The results were analysed by sex and socioeconomic status. The consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks, despite declining, remains widespread (41.3% of boys and 39.6% of girls in 2017/2018). The absence of daily toothbrushing, similarly as a co-occurrence of factors, were more frequent in boys (10.6% and 5.0% in 2017/2018, respectively) than in girls (5.1% and 2.3% in 2017/2018, respectively). The absence of daily toothbrushing was associated with a lower socioeconomic situation. In conclusion, behavioural risk factors affecting oral health are widespread in Slovak adolescents. Despite the positive development of the epidemiological situation, effective interventions, as well as the improvement of oral hygiene in lower socioeconomic groups, are needed.

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Selected risk factors of dental caries in 11- to 13- years old schoolchildren in Slovakia

10.21203/rs.2.17580/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Eliska Stefanova ◽

Tibor Baska ◽

Jana Holubcikova ◽

Silvia Timkova ◽

Maria Tatarkova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Economic Status ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Positive Development ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Behavioural Risk Factors ◽

Effective Interventions ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Using Data

Abstract Background: Oral diseases, particularly dental caries, affect as much as 9 in 10 persons globally. Its development starts during childhood and among factors participating in its aetiology, behavioural ones play a particularly important role. The aim of the study was to examine the selected behavioural risk factors of dental caries in Slovak adolescents between 2006 and 2018. Methods: We analysed occurrence of the selected factors (teeth brushing less than once a day, eating sweets and drinking sweetened soft drinks daily and their combination) in 11 to 13 years old schoolchildren in Slovakia by gender and socio-economic status using data from Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children surveys carried out in 2005/2006, 2009/2010, 2013/2014 and 2017/2018. Results: Consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks, despite of decline, remains widespread (41.3% of boys and 39.6% of girls in 2017/2018). Absence of daily teeth brushing, similarly as co-occurrence of these two risk factors, were more frequent in boys (10.6% and 5.0% in 2017/2018, respectively) than in girls (5.1% and 2.3% in 2017/2018, respectively). Absence of daily teeth brushing was associated with lower socioeconomic situation. Conclusions: Behavioural risk factors of dental caries play significant role in oral health of adolescents in Slovakia. Despite positive development of the epidemiological situation, effective interventions focused on consumption of sweets and sweetened soft drinks as well as improvement of oral hygiene in lower socioeconomic groups are needed.

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Oral Health Status in Relation to Nutritional Status among 9 years old school Children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Dr. Zahraa Ali Al-Awadi ◽

Dr. Baydaa Hussien Hussien

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Health Condition ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Although they are not life threatening, dental caries and periodontaldisease are the most predominant and widely spread oral diseases throughout theworld. The aims of the study included the investigation of the prevalence andseverity of dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in relation to gender,furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral health condition(dental caries).Materials and Methods: This oral health survey was conducted among primaryschool children aged 9 years old in Dewanyiah city in Iraq. The total samplecomposed of 600 child (320 males and 280 females) selected randomly fromdifferent school in Dewanyiah city. Diagnosis of dental caries was according tothe criteria described by WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964)was used for plaque assessment, gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) wasfollowed for recording gingival health condition. Nutritional status was assessedaccording to body mass index (BMI) indicator using anthropometric measurement(height and weight).Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 85% for 9 year-oldschool children. Regarding primary and permanent dentition, dental caries washigher among females compared to males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition, on the other hand, males showed higher values offilled surfaces compared to females with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition and highly significant difference (P<0.01) forpermanent dentition. Finding of this study revealed that 100% of the children hadgingival inflammation. Furthermore, the values of plaque and gingival indiceswere higher among males compared to females with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01). In current study, the prevalence of malnutrition described bythe BMI indicator was 5.3%. For total samples no significant difference wasrecorded in dmfs /DMFS values among wasting and well nourished children(P>0.05).Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were recorded.Improvement in the prevention educational programs is needed among schoolchildren.

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Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study

BDJ Open ◽

10.1038/s41405-021-00078-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Catalina Opazo-García ◽

Jeel Moya-Salazar ◽

Karina Chicoma-Flores ◽

Hans Contreras-Pulache

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Care ◽

Disease Surveillance ◽

High Performance ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Health Problems ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Pan American

Abstract Introduction Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). Methodology All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. Results Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. Conclusions Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

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Oral health status and treatment needs of school going children in a tribal area in Southern India

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Thomas ◽

R Chacko ◽

G D Khanapur ◽

D Kattula ◽

A Rose

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

World Health ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Local Authorities ◽

Local Hospital

Abstract Background Children suffer a significant burden of oral diseases which impacts their quality of life, and general health. Many epidemiological studies have looked at oral health status and treatment needs among children in urban and rural areas across different age groups. There was limited literature assessing the oral health status among children in tribal areas, which presents unique challenges in terms of: topography, availability of health services, and complex socio-cultural health practices. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among 655 children across six schools between 12-15 years in Jawadhi Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. World Health Organization's, Oral Health Surveys were used for clinical and risk factor assessments. Clinical examination was conducted, and self-assessed questionnaire was administered to the children to assess the risk factors to poor oral health. Since dental fluorosis was common, drinking water samples were collected to assess fluoride levels in the community. Results Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis (gum disease) was found to be 22.3% and 87.3% respectively. Dental Pain was reported by 57% of children as the most common reason to visit the dentist. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 53.6%. Multiple logistic regression showed: gender, dental fluorosis, diet, and maternal education significantly associated (p < 0.005) with dental caries. Fluoride levels in water was found to be higher than permissible limits (>1.5 ppm). Conclusions Children requiring treatment (∼ 200) were referred to the local hospital, and treatment was done free-of-cost. School authorities were informed about the current oral health status of children and advised to conduct regular health education & dental camps; the importance of girls' education was emphasized. Local authorities were alerted about the fluoride-rich water situation in the community and educated about defluoridation methods that the community can employ at household level. Key messages Evidence-based burden of oral diseases was presented to the local authorities for the first time, with a call for action. A referral system was established between the schools and the local hospital, to ensure continuity of oral health care for the children.

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Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

10.53350/pjmhs211561158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1158-1163

Author(s):

S. A. Hamza ◽

S. Asif ◽

S. A. H. Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Income ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

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Oral Health and Nutrition

10.2310/im.9038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carole. A. Palmer ◽

Zhangmuge Cheng

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Surgeon General ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

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Factors Affecting Preventive Dental Treatment of Adolescents in Korea

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17144948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (14) ◽

pp. 4948

Author(s):

Seon-Hui Kwak ◽

Soo-Myoung Bae ◽

Sun-Jung Shin ◽

Bo-Mi Shin

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Health Education ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Deprivation Index ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Oral Health Education ◽

Preventive Dental ◽

The Government

We conducted a multilevel analysis to identify factors affecting adolescents’ preventive dental treatment experience in South Korea. We sampled 72,435 students who participated in the 9th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The individual-level variables were divided into demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, oral health behavioral factors, and oral symptom experience factors. The regional-level variables included oral health resources, rate of students receiving oral health education at school by region, social deprivation index, and the number of private educational institutions. A higher rate of receiving oral health education in school by region was associated with increased fluoride application (1.04 times, p = 0.003). However, the number of private educational institutes per 1000 people was negatively associated with fluoride application experienced by students (0.64 times, p = 0.039). Students underwent more scaling when there were more dentists per 10,000 individuals (1.14 times, p = 0.008) and less scaling in areas with a higher social deprivation index (0.88 times, p = 0.024). To increase the access to preventive care for oral diseases among adolescents, a preventive system should be established in schools, and a primary dental care system should be established through the cooperation of the government, private dental clinics, and schools.

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Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks among adolescents: Trends and social inequality in Denmark 2002-2018

Nutrition and Health ◽

10.1177/0260106019900742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 3-8

Author(s):

Bjørn E. Holstein ◽

Mogens Trab Damsgaard ◽

Pernille Due ◽

Rikke Fredenslund Krølner ◽

Trine Pagh Pedersen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Occupational Social Class ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Representative Samples

Background: Intake of sugar sweetened soft drinks (SSSD) has decreased among adolescents, but trends in social inequality in SSSD intake are unknown. Aim: Examine trends in social inequality in SSSD intake among adolescents in Denmark during 2002–2018. Methods: Five Health Behaviour in School-aged Children surveys with data on SSSD intake and parents’ occupational social class (OSC) from nationally representative samples of 11, 13 and 15 year olds, n =20,112. Results: The overall prevalence of daily SSSD intake decreased from 10.1% in 2002 to 6.4% in 2018. The prevalence decreased in both high OSC (from 8% to 5%) and middle OSC (from 10% to 6%) but remained around 12% in low OSC. The odds ratio (OR) estimates of low compared with high OSC increased over the years around an overall OR of 2.01 (1.74–2.34). Conclusions: Danish adolescents’ SSSD intake decreased during 2002–2018 and was higher the lower the parents’ OSC. Thus, social inequality increased during 2002–2018.

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A Belgian study on the reliability and relative validity of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children food-frequency questionnaire

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1079/phn2003466 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 581-588 ◽

Cited By ~ 164

Author(s):

Carine A Vereecken ◽

Lea Maes

Keyword(s):

Health Behaviour ◽

Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽

Weighted Kappa ◽

Study Data ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Food Diary ◽

Food Frequency ◽

Relative Validity ◽

School Aged Children ◽

Food Items

AbstractObjective:In the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) survey, the frequency of consumption of a limited number of food items – focusing on fibre, calcium and less healthy items – is queried using a 15-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The present study was conducted to assess the reliability and relative validity of the HBSC FFQ among school pupils in Belgium.Design and subjects:To assess the reliability of the FFQ, 207 pupils aged 11–12 years and 560 pupils aged 13–14 years completed the questionnaire twice, with a test–retest interval of 6 to 15 days. To assess the relative validity of the FFQ, in a first study data were collected as part of the Flemish HBSC 2000 survey: 7072 pupils (11–18 years) completed the FFQ and a 24-hour food behaviour checklist (FBC). In a second study, 101 pupils (11–12 years) completed the FFQ and a 7-day food diary (FD).Results:Reliability – weighted kappa values between test and retest ranged from 0.43 to 0.70, percentage agreement from 37 to 87%, and Spearman correlations from 0.52 to 0.82. Relative validity – comparison of the FBC with the percentage of respondents who should have consumed the food items on a random day, computed from the FFQ, showed good agreement between the FFQ and the FBC for most items. Only for cereals, diet soft drinks and other milk products were considerably higher food frequencies than expected found from the FBC. Comparison of the FFQ with the FD showed overestimation for all but three food items (cheese, soft drinks and chips). Spearman correlations ranged between 0.10 for crisps and 0.65 for semi-skimmed milk.Conclusion:The HBSC FFQ is a reliable questionnaire that can be used for ranking subjects for most food items, although one must consider the overestimation when the FFQ is used for estimating prevalences.

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