Oral health problems in high-performance athletes at 2019 Pan American Games in Lima: a descriptive study

Abstract Introduction Dental care is provided for high-performance athletes at national and international sports events. Elite athletes may seek care for sports-related injuries and pre-existing oral diseases. Previous studies indicate an association between oral health problems and negative performance impacts in elite athletes. Objectives To determine the prevalence of the most common oral pathologies in high-performance athletes during the emergency dental care performed at the Lima 2019 Pan American Games (JPL-19). Methodology All reports of athletes (≥18 years old, of both sexes, from 41 countries) who received emergency dental care at Pan American Villas during the JPL-19 were included. Injuries and types of oral diseases were classified according to the Injury and Disease Surveillance System proposed by the International Olympic Committee. Results Of the 6680 participating athletes, 76 (1.14%) presented as dental emergencies, 90.8% (69/76) of the athletes seen presented pre-existing oral pathological conditions, the most frequent were periodontal diseases (34%, 26/76) and dental caries (29%, 22/76). Among the sports with the most cases, there were 22 (29%) in athletics, 6 (8%) in soccer, and 6 (8%) in taekwondo. The most frequent dental emergencies came from Peru, Puerto Rico, Bahamas, Grenada, and Venezuela. Conclusions Pre-existing oral diseases were more frequent than sports-related accidents. The most prevalent diseases were periodontal disease and dental caries disease. It is necessary to implement new care strategies for athletes, based on prevention, before and during sports competitions.

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Oral Health and Nutrition

10.2310/im.9038 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carole. A. Palmer ◽

Zhangmuge Cheng

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Surgeon General ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Oral Conditions

Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases affecting global health. In his report on the crisis in oral disease in America, the Surgeon General warned that one cannot be truly healthy without oral health. Oral health means freedom from all oral health problems; tooth decay (dental caries), periodontal diseases, tooth loss, oral-facial pain, oral cancer and the effects of its treatment, oral infections, craniofacial birth defects and more. The relationships between oral conditions and systemic health and disease are many and synergistic, and most involve dietary and/or systemic nutritional factors. Diet and nutrition can play important roles in the etiology, prevention, and/or management of oral conditions, as they do in overall health and disease. Today, all health professionals and educators need to be aware of and consider oral issues and their possible diet/nutritional implications as a component of optimal health care and education. This review article provides a brief overview of how diet and nutrition impact and are impacted by oral conditions, and offers general guidelines and resources for providing meaningful interventions throughout the life cycle. This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 57 references Key Words: biofilm, cariogenic, dental caries, dental plaque, ECC-early childhood caries, lactobacillus, mucositis, non-cariogenic, periodontal disease, Streptococcus mutans

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Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1093/ecam/nep067 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

Enzo A. Palombo

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Mutans Streptococci ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

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Depression, periodontitis, caries and missing teeth in the USA, NHANES 2009–2014

Family Medicine and Community Health ◽

10.1136/fmch-2020-000583 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. e000583

Author(s):

Muath Aldosari ◽

Mohammad Helmi ◽

Erinne N Kennedy ◽

Riddhi Badamia ◽

Satomi Odani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Health Providers ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Untreated Dental Caries

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported depressive symptoms and oral diseases in US adults, including periodontitis, caries, missing teeth and untreated dental caries.DesignThis study was designed as a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey. We conducted descriptive, multivariable logistic and Poisson regression analyses on weighted data.SettingUS National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009–2014 data.ParticipantsIndividuals aged ≥30 years who completed a periodontal examination and depression screening (n=9799).Results21.6% (28.9 million) of adults aged ≥30 years reported depressive symptoms, with a higher prevalence among females, current smokers and participants with lower income and education status. More than half of the adults with moderate depressive symptoms had periodontal diseases, and more than one-third had teeth with untreated dental caries. After adjusting for sociodemographics, behavioural factors, having diabetes and psychotherapeutic medication use, depressive symptoms were associated with poorer oral health. Severe depressive symptoms were associated with higher odds of mild periodontitis (2.20; 99% CI 1.03 to 4.66). For those with mild depressive symptoms, the mean number of missing teeth was 1.20 (99% CI 1.06 to 1.37) times the average of non-symptomatic individuals; and 1.38 times (99% CI 1.15 to 1.66) among individuals with moderate depressive symptoms.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms were associated with mild periodontitis and a greater number of missing teeth, while having teeth with untreated dental caries was attributed to sociodemographic factors. Awareness of oral health status among patients with depressive symptoms can inform both dental and mental health providers to develop tailored treatment and help patients achieve overall wellness.

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MENTHA PIPERITA L. - A PROMISING DENTAL CARE HERB MAINLY AGAINST CARIOGENIC BACTERIA

Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22270/ujpr.v4i3.271 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Marwa A. A. Fayed

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Dental Care ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Cariogenic Bacteria

Oral diseases are considered from the major health problems and are not limited to dental caries and periodontal diseases but to various autoimmune conditions. Itsayurvedic therapy includes different plants used in management of toothache, sore throat, mouth sores, abscess, broken tooth and jaw, tooth sensitivity, mouth thrush, dental caries, gingivitis, tooth bleaching, dental anxiety, dental phobia and plants used for dental extraction. Peppermint (Menthapiperita L.), a sterile hybrid of the species M. aquatica L. and M. spicata, L. is considered one of the important aromatic herbs containing high amount of volatile oil used in dental care. The peppermint leaves have a characteristic, aromatic, strong odor and an aromatic, warm, pungent taste followed by a cooling sensation.The medicinal parts are the essential oil extracted from the aerial parts of the flowering plant, the dried leaves, the fresh flowering plant and the whole plant. M. piperita L.is a perennial 50–90 cm high, normally quadrangular and a prototypical member of the mint family. The essential oil of M.piperitaL.leaves is characterized by the presence of high percent of menthol (29-48%) in addition tomenthone (20-31%), and the different isomers of menthol in addition to other constituents.M. piperitaL. is one of most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria as Streptococcus mutans. Peppermint oil and leaves posses several other biological effects as antiseptic in oral preparations, antibacterial,antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant and antispasmodic effects. It is also used as a flavoringagent in food and pharmaceutical industry and oral preparations.

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Recent update on potential cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and preventive measures of biomaterials used in dentistry

Biomaterials Science ◽

10.1039/d1bm00233c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ranjeet Ajit Bapat ◽

Abhishek Parolia ◽

Tanay Chaubal ◽

Suyog Dharamadhikari ◽

Anshad Mohamed Abdulla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Dental Treatment ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Health Problems ◽

Missing Teeth

Dental treatment is provided for a wide variety of oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal diseases, periapical infections, replacement of missing teeth and orthodontic problems.

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Oral Health Status in Relation to Nutritional Status among 9 years old school Children in Dewanyiah City/Iraq

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.763 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Dr. Zahraa Ali Al-Awadi ◽

Dr. Baydaa Hussien Hussien

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

Health Condition ◽

Primary Dentition ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Gingival Health ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Although they are not life threatening, dental caries and periodontaldisease are the most predominant and widely spread oral diseases throughout theworld. The aims of the study included the investigation of the prevalence andseverity of dental caries, gingivitis and dental plaque in relation to gender,furthermore, nutritional status was assessed in relation to oral health condition(dental caries).Materials and Methods: This oral health survey was conducted among primaryschool children aged 9 years old in Dewanyiah city in Iraq. The total samplecomposed of 600 child (320 males and 280 females) selected randomly fromdifferent school in Dewanyiah city. Diagnosis of dental caries was according tothe criteria described by WHO (1987). Plaque index of Silness and Loe (1964)was used for plaque assessment, gingival index of Loe and Silness (1963) wasfollowed for recording gingival health condition. Nutritional status was assessedaccording to body mass index (BMI) indicator using anthropometric measurement(height and weight).Results: Results showed that the prevalence of dental caries was 85% for 9 year-oldschool children. Regarding primary and permanent dentition, dental caries washigher among females compared to males with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition, on the other hand, males showed higher values offilled surfaces compared to females with statistically significant difference(P<0.05) for primary dentition and highly significant difference (P<0.01) forpermanent dentition. Finding of this study revealed that 100% of the children hadgingival inflammation. Furthermore, the values of plaque and gingival indiceswere higher among males compared to females with statistically highly significantdifferences (P<0.01). In current study, the prevalence of malnutrition described bythe BMI indicator was 5.3%. For total samples no significant difference wasrecorded in dmfs /DMFS values among wasting and well nourished children(P>0.05).Conclusion: A high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis were recorded.Improvement in the prevention educational programs is needed among schoolchildren.

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Dental Restrictions to Clinical Practice during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Australian Perspective

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/23800844211000341 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 238008442110003

Author(s):

T.M. Nguyen ◽

U. Tonmukayakul ◽

H. Calache

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Knowledge Transfer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Dental Care ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Dental Profession

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted essential oral healthcare in Australia. Sources for COVID-19 transmission via dental settings is considered to have high potential due to the production of aerosols and because transmission can occur through the airborne route. However, COVID-19 cases in dentistry is reportedly low. Delayed timely dental care, where severe oral diseases remain undetected, untreated, or asymptomatic such as advanced dental caries, periodontitis, and head and neck cancer, can have detrimental consequences for individuals at increased risk for oral diseases. The dental profession should remain vigilant and advocate for the continuation of essential oral healthcare even in times of uncertainty. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The reportedly low COVID-19 transmission occurring in dental settings highlight achievements made by the dental profession. There are valid reasons to reconsider risk-based essential oral healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Oral health status and treatment needs of school going children in a tribal area in Southern India

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.455 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Thomas ◽

R Chacko ◽

G D Khanapur ◽

D Kattula ◽

A Rose

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Fluorosis ◽

Oral Health Status ◽

World Health ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Treatment Needs ◽

Local Authorities ◽

Local Hospital

Abstract Background Children suffer a significant burden of oral diseases which impacts their quality of life, and general health. Many epidemiological studies have looked at oral health status and treatment needs among children in urban and rural areas across different age groups. There was limited literature assessing the oral health status among children in tribal areas, which presents unique challenges in terms of: topography, availability of health services, and complex socio-cultural health practices. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among 655 children across six schools between 12-15 years in Jawadhi Hills, Tamil Nadu, India. World Health Organization's, Oral Health Surveys were used for clinical and risk factor assessments. Clinical examination was conducted, and self-assessed questionnaire was administered to the children to assess the risk factors to poor oral health. Since dental fluorosis was common, drinking water samples were collected to assess fluoride levels in the community. Results Prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis (gum disease) was found to be 22.3% and 87.3% respectively. Dental Pain was reported by 57% of children as the most common reason to visit the dentist. Prevalence of dental fluorosis was found to be 53.6%. Multiple logistic regression showed: gender, dental fluorosis, diet, and maternal education significantly associated (p < 0.005) with dental caries. Fluoride levels in water was found to be higher than permissible limits (>1.5 ppm). Conclusions Children requiring treatment (∼ 200) were referred to the local hospital, and treatment was done free-of-cost. School authorities were informed about the current oral health status of children and advised to conduct regular health education & dental camps; the importance of girls' education was emphasized. Local authorities were alerted about the fluoride-rich water situation in the community and educated about defluoridation methods that the community can employ at household level. Key messages Evidence-based burden of oral diseases was presented to the local authorities for the first time, with a call for action. A referral system was established between the schools and the local hospital, to ensure continuity of oral health care for the children.

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Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1ß Levels and Oral Health in Pakistani Male Smokers

10.53350/pjmhs211561158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1158-1163

Author(s):

S. A. Hamza ◽

S. Asif ◽

S. A. H. Bokhari

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Low Income ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Saliva Sample ◽

Oral Disease ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Missing Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker

Aim: Smoking induces changes in salivary inflammatory biomarker levels associated with oral diseases. This study status and explored association among salivary Interleukin-1β, oral diseases and smoking. Methods: Data of male smokers of a private institute recruited for a randomized clinical trial is analyzed for this paper. Demographic and systemic information were collected. Oral disease status was examined and saliva sample collected for IL-1β levels. IL-1β levels and other study variables were analyzed with respect to smoking status categorized into smoking years and cigarettes per day. The student's t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis using SPSS version 22) with significance level of p≤0.050. Results: Analysis of baseline data of seventy-eight smokers showed elevated levels of IL-1β with increasing smoking, higher BMI. Smoking was higher among aged, married and low-income individuals. Pearson partial correlation analysis, after controlling age, marital status, education, income, and BMI, demonstrated a positive significant relationship of smoking per day with smoking years; dental caries with missing teeth and calculus; gingivitis with missing teeth and calculus; periodontitis with dental caries, calculus and gingivitis. Conclusion: This analysis demonstrates that levels of IL-1β were raised in smokers, however; there was no association with oral disease parameters. Large studies may be conducted to observe status and association of smoking, oral disease and salivary biomarkers. Keywords: Smoking, Oral Health, IL-1β, Males

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Oral hygiene status of depressed patients

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol32no1.21906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Putri Permatasari ◽

Gilang Yubiliana ◽

Aulia Iskandarsyah

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Critical Factor ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Depressed Patients ◽

Score Point

Introduction: Oral hygiene is one of the most critical factor in maintaining oral health. Depression symptoms may affect an individual’s oral health due to poor health behaviour, making depressed individuals prone to oral diseases such as caries and periodontal diseases. This study was aimed to obtain the oral hygiene status overview of depressed patients in West Java Psychiatric Hospital. Methods: This study was an observational descriptive with a cross-sectional approach to depressed patients (F.32 ICD Code). The measuring instrument used was Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Based on OHI-S, oral hygiene can be assessed into poor within 3.0 – 6.0 score point, fair within 1.3-3.0 score point, or good within 0.0 – 1.2 score point. Results: There were 30 respondents recruited using a purposive sampling method. Based on the plaque index, 1 respondent (3%) fell into good category, 23 respondents (77%) fell into the fair category, and 6 respondents (20%) fell into poor category. Based on the calculus index, 7 respondents (23%) fell into good category, 10 respondents (60%) fell into the fair category, and 5 respondents (17%) fell into poor category. Based on OHI-S, 2 respondents (7%) fell into the good category, 18 respondents (60%) fell into the fair category, and 10 respondents (33%) fell into poor category. Conclusion: Oral hygiene in-dex of depressed patients was categorised as fair.

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