scholarly journals Distribution of Nitrate Content in Groundwater and Evaluation of Potential Health Risks: A Case Study of Rural Areas in Northern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9390
Author(s):  
Wenwen Feng ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Lei ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xueliang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
The Body ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Potential Health

Nitrate pollution is considered to be one of the most common environmental problems in groundwater, especially in areas affected by human mining, such as the arid region of northern China. However, the human health risk assessment of nitrate pollution in this area has not yet been carried out. In this study, groundwater samples were taken in the Selian mining area in Inner Mongolia to conduct a full analysis of water quality. On this basis, the groundwater quality, the distribution range of nitrate pollution, and human health risks were evaluated. The results show that the groundwater in the Selian mining area is neutral to alkaline, with high salinity and hardness. The concentration of nitrate ions in groundwater generally exceeds the standard, and the maximum exceeds 5.48 times the value specified in the Chinese national standard, indicating that groundwater nitrate pollution needs to be controlled urgently. Groundwater is polluted by large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer used by humans in agricultural activities. At the same time, mining activities have accelerated the severity and spread of pollution. Groundwater is not recommended for direct human life and irrigation use in the study area unless purification measures are taken. Nitrate pollution is more harmful to children through groundwater, about 1.54 times that of adults. Excess nitrate is transported into the body through drinking groundwater, so proper drinking water control will reduce the health risks of nitrate, such as centralized water supply. This study will provide a scientific basis for the rational use of groundwater and nitrate pollution control in the area.

Health risk assessment of nitrate pollution in shallow groundwater: a case study in Changchun New District, China

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Tian ◽  
Xiujuan Liang ◽  
Yan Gong ◽  
Zhuang Kang ◽  
Hongtao Jin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Skin Contact

High concentrations of nitrate in groundwater pose a threat to human health. To quantify groundwater nitrate pollution in China's Changchun New District and evaluate its human health risks, 98 groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The spatial distribution of groundwater chemical components was variable with concentrations descending from TDS > HCO3− > Ca2+ > NO3− > SO42- > Na+ > Cl− > Mg2+ > K+ > NO2− > NH4+. Notably, NO3− concentrations ranged from 0.02–492.72 mg/L and averaged 98.62 mg/L. Over 50% of samples exceeded the Quality Standard for Groundwater of China Class III N threshold (20 mg/L). Principal component analysis determined that NO3 contamination was primarily due to the excessive use of fertilizers in agriculture. A human health risk assessment model was used to assess the potential health risks of groundwater NO3− via drinking water and skin contact pathways. Approximately 90% of adults, 66% of children, and 45% of infants had acceptable health risks in the study area. NO3− exposure risk in the towns of Longjia and Xiyingcheng was the highest, while urban areas tended to have lower exposures. The health risks of residents, especially minors and infants, were concerned.

Risk Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Two Fish Species Oreochromis Niloticus and Clarias Gariepinus from Sharqia Province, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nahla S El-Shenawy ◽  
Heba N Gad EL-Hak ◽  
Mahi A Ghobashy ◽  
Maha FM Soliman ◽  
Farida A Mansour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Potential Health

Accumulation of heavy metals in fish is considered a critical problem for human health. Therefore, the study aimed to quantify the concentrations of iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb) in Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias gariepinus from two areas in Al Sharqia governorate, Egypt, from September 2017 to August 2018. A human health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the potential hazards associated with fish consumption. Metals concentrations (mg/kg dry weight) in muscles of catfish ranged 1.88-221.26 for Fe; 1.78-19.77 for Zn; BDL-238.51 for Mn; BDL-22.75 for Pb. In muscles of tilapia fish metals concentrations ranged 7.96-149.10 for Fe; 1.20-19.77 for Zn; BDL-230.82 for Mn; BDL-25.93 for Pb. Pb had Hazard quotients (HQs) which indicated potential health risks to tilapia consumers at both study areas and catfish consumers at the Faqous area. Fishermen were at higher risk compared to the other consumers.

scholarly journals The analysis of groundwater nitrate pollution and health risk assessment in Rural Areas of Yantai,China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guimei Yu ◽  
Jiu Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Abstract Background:Nitrate is one of the most common chemical contaminants of groundwater, and it is an important unqualified factor of rural groundwater in Yantai. In order to assess the risk of exposure to drinking water nitrate for adults and juveniles, in recent years, we monitored the nitrate concentrations in rural drinking water,a model was also used to assess the human health risk of nitrate pollution in groundwater. Methods: From the year 2015 to 2018, the drinking water in rural areas of Yantai was tested according to the "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" (GB5749-2006). The principal component analysis was used to analyze the relationship between groundwater chemicals and nitrate. The model was used to assess human health risks of groundwater nitrate through the drinking water and skin contact. Results: A total of 2348 samples were tested during the year 2015-2018.Nitrate and total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride are all relevant, the above indicators may come from the same source of pollution; The median nitrate content (CEXP50) was 17.8 mg / L; the risk of exposure in each group was ranked as: Juveniles > Adult female > Adult male;the median health risk (HQ50) for minors and adults exceed 1. Conclusions:The concentrations of nitrate is stable and does not change over time.The high concentration of nitrate in rural areas of Yantai may be the result of the interaction of fertilizers and geological factors. The risk of exposure to nitrate in juveniles and adults is above the limit, so it is necessary to be on the alert for the high levels of nitrate.

The analysis of groundwater nitrate pollution and health risk assessment in Rural Areas of Yantai

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guimei Yu ◽  
Song song Wang ◽  
Jiu Wang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Skin Contact ◽  
Risk Of Exposure

Abstract Background: Nitrate is one of the most common chemical contaminants of groundwater, and it is an important unqualified factor of rural groundwater in Yantai. In order to assess the risk of exposure to drinking water nitrate for adults and juveniles, in recent years, we monitored the nitrate concentrations in rural drinking water, the HHRA model was also used to assess the human health risk of nitrate pollution in groundwater. Methods : From the year 2015 to 2018, the drinking water in rural areas of Yantai was tested according to the "Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water" (GB5749-2006). The principal component analysis was used to analyze the relationship between groundwater chemicals and nitrate. The HHRA model was used to assess human health risks of groundwater nitrate through the drinking water and skin contact. Results : A total of 2348 samples were tested during the year 2015-2018.Nitrate and total dissolved solids, total hardness, chloride are all relevant, the above indicators may come from the same source of pollution; The median nitrate content (C EXP50 ) was 17.8 mg / L; the C EXP95 was 53.4 mg / L; the risk of exposure in each group was ranked as: Juveniles > Adult female > Adult male;hazard quotient HQ 50 and HQ 95 for minors and adults exceed 1. Conclusions :The concentrations of nitrate is stable and does not change over time.The high concentration of nitrate in rural areas of Yantai may be the result of the interaction of fertilizers and geological factors. The risk of exposure to nitrate in juveniles and adults is above the limit, and HQ is over 1, so it is necessary to be on the alert for the high levels of nitrate.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Surveillance of Organochlorine Pesticides in River Water and Fishes from Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1777-1785
Author(s):  
G. M. M. Anwarul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
River Water ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fish Samples

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chlorinated hydrocarbons that used extensively in the last century for agricultural purposes. Excess use of OCPs results pesticide residues accumulation in the water and fishes and causes various health problems. The concentrations of Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) residues in water and fish samples of six most contaminated rivers surrounding Dhaka, Bangladesh namely Buriganga, Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, Bangshai and Dhaleswari were determined and assessed the possible health risks through consumption of accumulated OCPs in fishes from those rivers. .As we know, OCPs are non-biodegradable and thus remain in the environment as pollutants. Therefore, OCPs exposure must be monitored and controlled to reduce the human health risks. Risk assessment is an important procedure to quantify the potential health risks and provides information the risk managers to control the overuse of OCPs. The concentrations of OCPs residues were determined by Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). After sample collection, sample was extracted and analyzed according to the validated method. Several OCPs residues including Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Eldrine ketone, p,p-DDD, Endrin, α-Endosulfan, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDT, Endosulfan sulfate and β-Endosulfan were detected in river water and residues including Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDD, Endrin and p,p-DDT were detected in fish samples. The Health risk index (HI) values of Aldrin, p,p-DDE, Heptachlorepoxide, p,p-DDD, Endrin and p,p-DDT from analyzed three fish species (Acanthobrama microlepis, Barbonymus gonionotus and Batasio tengana) were ranged from 0.036 to 1.696, 0.029 to 2.007, 0.022 to 1.117, 0.0231 to 0.721, 0.019 to 1.597 and 0.019 to 1.205 for Buriganga, Turag, Balu, Sitalakhya, Bangshai and Dhaleswari rivers respectively. OCPs are quantified in river water and fish samples and potential health risks are accessed. This study suggested that, there might have OCPs mediated health risks through long term exposure of OCPs residues from fishes of those polluted rivers. Although, our study provided estimation about the presence of OCPs in water and fishes from six contaminated rivers surrounding Dhaka city but, further studies are suggested to ensure the safety of peoples.

Human health risk assessment of toxic elements in soils and crops around Xiaoqinling gold-mining area, Northwestern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110569
Author(s):  
Min Yang ◽  
Jianghua Zhang ◽  
Huaqing Chen ◽  
Hailing Ke ◽  
Youning Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Gold Mining ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Risk Assessment Code ◽  
Cu And Zn

The threat to the quality and safety of agricultural products from toxic elemental pollution is a critical contemporary problem. Extensive mining and lax management in the Xiaoqinling gold-mining area from 1986 to 2000 have increased the toxic element concentrations in soils, groundwater, and crops around the mines. Long-term excessive intake of Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Zn can cause serious life-threatening human diseases, such as hydromelalgia, lead poisoning, Itai Itai disease, chronic rhinopathy, and acute hemolysis. Influenced by local environmental conditions, toxic elements in soils and crops enter the food chain and endanger human health. To determine the health risks from toxic elements introduced by mineral exploitation in Xiaoqinling, soil, wheat, and corn samples were analyzed for Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Cu, and Zn content. The contamination risks of toxic elements in soils were assessed using the single pollution index and risk assessment code method. The human health risks from toxic elements through wheat and corn consumption were evaluated using transfer factor (TF) and hazard quotient (HQ). The results indicated severe Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn accumulation in the mining-affected soils. The TF revealed a relatively easier transformation of Cd, Zn, and Cu from soil to crops, and the HQ showed a high risk of Pb intake from wheat and corn.

scholarly journals Impact of Bacillus in fermented soybean foods on human health

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trishala Gopikrishna ◽  
Harini Keerthana Suresh Kumar ◽  
Kumar Perumal ◽  
Elavarashi Elangovan
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Fermented Soybean ◽  
Food Pathogens ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Fermented Soybean Foods

Abstract Purpose Fermented soybean foods (FSF) is popularly consumed in the South-East Asian countries. Bacillus species, a predominant microorganism present in these foods, have demonstrated beneficial and deleterious impacts on human health. These microorganisms produce bioactive compounds during fermentation that have beneficial impacts in improving human health. However, the health risks associated with FSF, food pathogens, biogenic amines (BAs) production, and late-onset anaphylaxis, remain a concern. The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of positive and negative impacts as a result of consumption of FSF along with the measures to alleviate health risks for human consumption. Methods This review was composed by scrutinizing contemporary literature of peer-reviewed publications related to Bacillus and FSF. Based on the results from academic journals, this review paper was categorized into FSF, role of Bacillus species in these foods, process of fermentation, beneficial, and adverse influence of these foods along with methods to improve food safety. Special emphasis was given to the potential benefits of bioactive compounds released during fermentation of soybean by Bacillus species. Results The nutritional and functional properties of FSF are well-appreciated, due to the release of peptides and mucilage, which have shown health benefits: in managing cardiac disease, gastric disease, cancer, allergies, hepatic disease, obesity, immune disorders, and especially microbial infections due to the presence of probiotic property, which is a potential alternative to antibiotics. Efficient interventions were established to mitigate pitfalls like the techniques to reduce BAs and food pathogens and by using a defined starter culture to improve the safety and quality of these foods. Conclusion Despite some of the detrimental effects produced by these foods, potential health benefits have been observed. Therefore, soybean foods fermented by Bacillus can be a promising food by integrating effective measures for maintaining safety and quality for human consumption. Further, in vivo analysis on the activity and dietary interventions of bioactive compounds among animal models and human volunteers are yet to be achieved which is essential to commercialize them for safe consumption by humans, especially immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Human Health Risk Distribution and Safety Threshold of Cadmium in Soil of Coal Chemical Industry Area

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 678
Author(s):  
Kai Zhang ◽  
XiaoNan Li ◽  
ZhenYu Song ◽  
JiaYu Yan ◽  
MengYue Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Kriging Interpolation Method ◽  
Industry Area

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly carcinogenic metal that plays an important role in the risk management of soil pollution. In this study, 153 soil samples were collected from a coal chemical plant in northwest China, and the human health risks associated with Cd were assessed through multiple exposure pathways. Meanwhile, by the Kriging interpolation method, the spatial distribution and health risks of Cd were explored. The results showed that the average concentration of Cd in the soil was 0.540 mg/kg, which was 4.821 and 5.567 times that of the soil background value in Ningxia and China, respectively. In comparison, the concentration of Cd in the soil was below the national soil environmental quality three-level standard (1.0 mg/kg). In addition, health risk assessment results showed that the total carcinogenic risk of Cd was 1.269 × 10−6–2.189 × 10−6, both above the acceptable criteria (1 × 10−6), while the hazard quotient was within the acceptable level. Oral intake and ingestion of soil particles were the main routes of exposure, and the carcinogenic risk control value of oral intake was the lowest (0.392 mg/kg), which could be selected as the strict reference of the safety threshold for Cd in the coal chemical soil. From Kriging, a prediction map can be centrally predicted on heavy metal pollution in the area surrounding the coal entrance corridor and pedestrian entrance. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of the heavy metal safety threshold of the coal chemical industry in China.

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