scholarly journals Pro-Environmental Behavior in an Aging World: Evidence from 31 Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Feng Hao ◽  
Yunxia Liu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Individual

Population change and environmental degradation have become two of the most pressing issues for sustainable development in the contemporary world, while the effect of population aging on pro-environmental behavior remains controversial. In this paper, we examine the effects of individual and population aging on pro-environmental behavior through multilevel analyses of cross-national data from 31 countries. Hierarchical linear models with random intercepts are employed to analyze the data. The findings reveal a positive relationship between aging and pro-environmental behavior. At the individual level, older people are more likely to participate in environmental behavior (b = 0.052, p < 0.001), and at the national level, living in a country with a greater share of older persons encourages individuals to behave sustainably (b = 0.023, p < 0.01). We also found that the elderly are more environmentally active in an aging society. The findings imply that the longevity of human beings may offer opportunities for the improvement of the natural environment.

scholarly journals System models for resilience in gerontology: application to the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Klasa ◽  
Stephanie Galaitsi ◽  
Andrew Wister ◽  
Igor Linkov
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
System Level ◽  
Improve Quality ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
The World ◽  
Aging Adults ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThe care needs for aging adults are increasing burdens on health systems around the world. Efforts minimizing risk to improve quality of life and aging have proven moderately successful, but acute shocks and chronic stressors to an individual’s systemic physical and cognitive functions may accelerate their inevitable degradations. A framework for resilience to the challenges associated with aging is required to complement on-going risk reduction policies, programs and interventions. Studies measuring resilience among the elderly at the individual level have not produced a standard methodology. Moreover, resilience measurements need to incorporate external structural and system-level factors that determine the resources that adults can access while recovering from aging-related adversities. We use the National Academies of Science conceptualization of resilience for natural disasters to frame resilience for aging adults. This enables development of a generalized theory of resilience for different individual and structural contexts and populations, including a specific application to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Environmental Behavior in Cross-National Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Pisano ◽  
Mark Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross National

This article seeks to explain cross-national differences on environmental behavior. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, it was predicted that national levels of wealth, postmaterialism, education development, and environmental problems are positively related to environmental behavior. The national-level variance is to a substantial degree explained by individual-level variables, capturing compositional effects. The remaining variance is explained by the contextual-level variables. All of the country-level variables are predictors in the expected direction, with the exception of environmental degradation, which is negatively related to behavior, and education development, which has no impact on private environmental behavior. More importantly, cross-level interactions show that in more developed countries, there are stronger relationships between proecological attitudes and reported proenvironmental behavior. These findings contribute to the growing cross-cultural research on environmental behavior pointing out the necessity of simultaneously assessing the effects of both individual and contextual-level forces affecting behavior across nations.

Is mediation the preferred procedure in labour dispute resolution systems? Evidence from employer–employee matched data in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Feng ◽  
Pengxin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
Labour Dispute ◽  
Structure Factors ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores procedural preferences in the historical development of labour dispute resolution systems at the national level and employees’ pre-experience preference to resolve disputes at the individual level. Drawing on two datasets – one from national public statistics and one from China’s employer–employee matched data – we find that mediation has fluctuated in its use and efficacy, and it has re-emerged as an important method to stabilize labour relations. Employees choose internal mediation only if they feel that the enterprise’s mediation committee is selected fairly. Organizational structure factors, such as the enterprise’s size and the effectiveness of the Staff and Workers Representative Congress, moderate the relationship between employees’ perceptions of justice and procedural preferences. This study contributes to the dispute resolution literature by highlighting the interactions between individual perceptions of justice and organizational factors of procedural preference. Additionally, practical implications are offered to aid in the design of dispute resolution systems and improve organizational justice.

scholarly journals SleepOMICS: How Big Data Can Revolutionize Sleep Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Ottavia Guglielmi ◽  
and Sergio Garbarino
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Sleep Research ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Sleep disorders have reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting the youth as well as the elderly, crossing the entire lifespan in both developed and developing countries. “Real-life” behavioral (sensor-based), molecular, digital, and epidemiological big data represent a source of an impressive wealth of information that can be exploited in order to advance the field of sleep research. It can be anticipated that big data will have a profound impact, potentially enabling the dissection of differences and oscillations in sleep dynamics and architecture at the individual level (“sleepOMICS”), thus paving the way for a targeted, “one-size-does-not-fit-all” management of sleep disorders (“precision sleep medicine”).

scholarly journals Influence of Individual- and National-Level Factors on Attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany E. Hayes ◽  
Katharine A. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
National Level ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

The study evaluated if individual- and national-level factors influence intimate partner violence (IPV) attitudes. Using Demographic and Health Surveys’ data, multilevel modeling was used to analyze 506,935 females nested in 41 nations. The results indicated that the respondents in nations with higher levels of gender inequality, measured by the Social Institutions and Gender Index, were more likely to agree a husband is justified to abuse his wife when she argues with him. National-level attitudes toward IPV and decision making at the individual level were significant predictors of IPV attitudes. The presence of another female while the survey was administered and differences across nations in question wording significantly affected IPV attitudes. The results confirm that both individual- and national-level factors shape individual IPV attitudes. National policies and programming should address gender inequality and patriarchal attitudes.

The Average Response Method of Scaling

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert E. Beaton ◽  
Eugene G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Predictive Distribution ◽  
Average Response ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Multiple Imputations ◽  
Plausible Values ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Response Method

The average response method (ARM) of scaling nonbinary data was developed to scale the data from the assessments of writing conducted by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The ARM applies linear models and multiple imputations technologies to characterize the predictive distribution of the person-level average of ratings over a pool of exercises when each person has responded to only a few of the exercises. The derivations of “plausible values” from the individual-level distributions of potential scale scores are given. Conditions are provided for the unbiasedness of estimates based on the plausible values, and the potential magnitude of the bias when the conditions are not met is indicated. Also discussed is how the plausible values allow for an accounting of the uncertainties due to the sampling of individuals and to the incomplete information on each sampled individual. The technique is illustrated using data from the assessment of writing.

Economic Threat and Protest Behavior in Comparative Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Change ◽  
National Level ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Occupational Position ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Movement Participation

Resurgent interest in the role of economic threat in fostering movement participation has highlighted the importance of economic change. However, many of the insights of this approach are drawn from case studies of specific movements. Comparative research on economic threat has been relatively absent, leaving open the possibility that the influence of threat is limited to certain contexts. To remedy the empirical gap, this study takes advantage of a standardized, cross-national dataset (the 2004 International Social Survey Programme) to evaluate the recent claims. Using changes in the unemployment rate as a measure of economic threat, the results suggest that the mobilizing effects of economic uncertainty are strongest among those individuals who are most vulnerable to economic change—in this case, manual workers in liberal welfare states. By contrast, workers with more economic protection—either by virtue of their occupational position or their access to a more generous welfare system—are largely unresponsive to changing labor market conditions. The findings highlight the relevance of two sources of economic protection: social class at the individual level and welfare policies at the national level. The importance of focusing on the intersection of these levels and the benefits of a comparative approach to understanding the emergence of economic threat are discussed in conclusion.

scholarly journals Nurse knowledge about potentially inappropriate medications for elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. e37037
Author(s):  
Gabriela Garcia Soares ◽  
Ana Luisa Zanardo Buso ◽  
Bruna Stephanie Sousa Malaquias ◽  
Rodrigo Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Juliana Maria Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Potentially Inappropriate Medications ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Elderly Health ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Inappropriate Medications

Due to the consequences of changes in fertility and mortality rates, there is an increase in population aging. In this context, the use of potentially inappropriate medications in this population makes nurses important agents in the identification of adverse reactions, requiring their knowledge about these drugs and their effects. The study aimed to verify nurses knowledge about the 2015 AGS BeersCriteria, regarding the potentially inappropriate medications for the elderly, and their adverse effects. It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study with a quantitative and qualitative approach performed in a teaching hospital in the Triângulo Mineiro, Minas Gerais. Of the 80 professionals, 74.1% reported attending the elderly frequently, and only 3.8% had a specialization course in elderly health. Only 13.8% reported knowing the Beers Criteria. And 69% believe that adverse drug reactions can be confused as a new symptom and because of this, new drugs can be inserted into the therapeutic plan. Three categories emerged: The importance of assertive knowledge about PIMs, The nurse as a fundamental character in ADR, and Knowledge as a reinforcer of care. There is evidence of the need to train nurses to better identify adverse drug reactions so that they can act on these events avoiding the worsening of the individual.

scholarly journals Whose Realm, His Trust - Regional Disparities of Generalized Trust in Europe

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Stephany
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Generalized Trust ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Regional Clusters ◽  
Commercial Transaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Individual

Trust explains the functioning of markets, institutions or society as a whole. It is a key element in almost every commercial transaction over time and might be one of the main explanations of economic success and development. In Europe, the determinants of (generalized) trust have been investigated in the past. Most scholars have focused on aggregate (national) levels of trust. However, it can be assumed that driving forces, which foster or diminish trust, act at a sub-national level. Regional clusters remain undetected. With the use of the European Social Survey 6 and modern spatial diagnostics, this work examines the individual and regional determinants of trust in 88 European NUTS1 regions in 26 countries. There are two main findings. First, wealth, linguistic fragmentation, and religious ideologies shape trust on a regional level, education, income, and membership in associations foster trust on an individual level. Secondly, the study unravels regional dispersions in different types of "trust regimes" in Europe. Regional clusters of generalized trust are confirmed by spatial diagnostics. The "regionality" of trust could be of importance for future targeted policy making.

Genocide and Memory

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Stone
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Life Narratives ◽  
Collective Memories ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
With Memory

This article explores the history of genocide by looking at collective memories, from the point of view of Western culture. Western culture is suffused with autobiographies, especially with traumatic life narratives about the legacies of abusive childhoods. For the individual victims of genocide, traumatic memories cannot be escaped; for societies, genocide has profound effects that are immediately felt and that people are exhorted never to forget. The discussion shows how genocide is bound up with memory, on an individual level of trauma and on a collective level in terms of the creation of stereotypes, prejudice, and post-genocide politics. Despite the risks of perpetuating old divisions or reopening unhealed wounds, grappling with memory remains essential in order to remind the victims that they are not the worthless or less than human beings that their tormentors have portrayed them as such.

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