scholarly journals Commitment, Dominance, and Mate Value: Power Bases in Long-Term Heterosexual Couples

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1914
Author(s):  
Jitka Lindová ◽  
Tereza Habešová ◽  
Kateřina Klapilová ◽  
Jan Havlíček
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Relationship Power ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Mate Value ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Personal Power ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Power Base

We assessed the relative contribution of economic, personal, and affective power bases to perceived relationship power. Based on evolutionary studies, we predicted that personality dominance and mate value should represent alternative personal power bases. Our sample was comprised of 84 Czech heterosexual couples. We measured the economic power base using self-report scales assessing education, income and work status. Personal power bases were assessed using self-report measures of personality dominance (International Personality Item Pool Dominance and Assertiveness subscale from NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Extraversion scale), and partner-report measures of mate value (Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, factors 2–6). The first factor of Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, which measures agreeableness/commitment was used to assess the affective power base. Our results show that perceived relationship power is associated with a perception of partner’s high agreeableness/commitment. Moreover, women’s personality dominance and mate value are also linked with perceived relationship power, which supports our evolutionary prediction of dominance and mate value working as power bases for women. The stronger effect of women’s than men’s power bases may be due to gender differences in investment into relationships and/or due to transition to more equal relationships currently sought by women in the Czech Republic.

Audit committee oversight of external audit: an examination of structural power and behavioural tactics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Adwa Sulaiman ◽  
Fatimah Mat Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Audit Committee ◽  
Power Bases ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
External Audit ◽  
Personal Power ◽  
Structural Power ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Network Position ◽  
Bases Of Power ◽  
Power Base

PurposeThis study aims to examine the structural power wielded by the audit committee (AC) and the various bases of its power, whilst also exploring the behavioural tactics used by the AC to leverage its power in the oversight of the external audit. Design/methodology/approachEmpirical evidence was drawn from semi-structured interviews with external auditors and AC members in Malaysia. FindingsThe AC’s structural power is derived from its formal and network position in the organisation. The AC possesses three forms of organisational-based power (legitimate, coercive and informational) resultant from its formal position, and these combine with the AC’s personal power (will and expert). The AC uses its personal power base to develop trusting relationships and to promote the exchange of information with other key corporate governance actors in the network position. Furthermore, the AC applies at least four behavioural tactics (assertiveness, ingratiation, rationality and coalition formation) to exercise its bases of power. Originality/valueThis study attempts to describe the AC’s structural sources of power, its organisational and personal power bases, and the behavioural tactics it uses when exerting its power.

The Quest for a Perfect Spouse: Spousal Ratings and Marital Satisfaction

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert B. Kosek
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Marital Adjustment ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Adjustment Test ◽  
The Relationship

The present paper examined the relationship between spousal ratings of personality and self-reports of marital satisfaction. 107 heterosexual couples were administered the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised to appraise the five domains of personality and the Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test to evaluate marital satisfaction. The analysis indicated scores for all the personality domains were significant predictors of scores on marital satisfaction for both men and women, with Agreeableness being the most robust.

A Comparison of Two Five-Factor Model Operationalizations of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in a Clinical Sample

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110061
Author(s):  
Jared R. Ruchensky ◽  
M. Brent Donnellan ◽  
Christopher J. Hopwood ◽  
John F. Edens ◽  
Andrew E. Skodol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Triarchic Model

Structural models of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model (FFM), continue to inform ongoing debates regarding what personality attributes and trait domains are central to psychopathy. A growing body of literature has linked the constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to the FFM. Recently, researchers developed both item and regression-based measures of the triarchic model of psychopathy using the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised—a popular measure of the FFM. The current study examines the correlates of these two FFM-derived operationalizations of the triarchic model using data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The two approaches had strong convergent validity coefficients and similar patterns of criterion-related validity coefficients. Meanness related to greater personality pathology characterized by exploitation of others and poor attachment, whereas disinhibition related to indicators of greater negative affect and poor behavioral constraint. Boldness related to reduced negative affect and greater narcissistic personality traits. Although the item and regression-based approaches showed similar patterns of associations with criterion-variables, the item-based approach has some practical and psychometric advantages over the regression-based approach given strong correlations between the meanness and disinhibition scores from the regression approach.

scholarly journals Modeling General, Specific, and Method Variance in Personality Measures: Results for ZKA-PQ and NEO-PI-R

Assessment ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 959-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Abad ◽  
Miguel A. Sorrel ◽  
Luis Francisco Garcia ◽  
Anton Aluja
Keyword(s):  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Response Styles ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Personality Inventories ◽  
Method Factor ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Using Data

Contemporary models of personality assume a hierarchical structure in which broader traits contain narrower traits. Individual differences in response styles also constitute a source of score variance. In this study, the bifactor model is applied to separate these sources of variance for personality subscores. The procedure is illustrated using data for two personality inventories—NEO Personality Inventory–Revised and Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire. The inclusion of the acquiescence method factor generally improved the fit to acceptable levels for the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire, but not for the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. This effect was higher in subscales where the number of direct and reverse items is not balanced. Loadings on the specific factors were usually smaller than the loadings on the general factor. In some cases, part of the variance was due to domains being different from the main one. This information is of particular interest to researchers as they can identify which subscale scores have more potential to increase predictive validity.

scholarly journals Inconsistent Use of Condom in Italian HIV-Serodiscordant Heterosexual Couples as Revealed by the Detection of Y Chromosomal (Yc) DNA in Vaginal Swabs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Jose Ramon Fiore ◽  
Fabio Zoboli ◽  
Mariantonietta Di Stefano ◽  
Massimo Fasano ◽  
Marwan Jabr Alwazzeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condom Use ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Heterosexual Couples ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Heterosexual Women ◽  
Infected Partner ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Improper Use ◽  
Italian Women

Introduction: The prevention of transmission of HIV infection is based on the regular and correct use of condom and studies on transmission rates are generally based on the self-report of condom use. However, consistent data on different population suggest that this often leads to overreporting possibly due to social desirability. In addition, self-report of condom use does not consider improper use or breakage. Methods: Vaginal biomarkers were proposed to detect exposure to semen and among these detection of chromosome Y DNA (Yc) appeared promising in different research settings. Here, we searched for Yc in vaginal swabs of 33 Italian women, engaged in a regular heterosexual relationship with a HIV serodiscordant partner and reporting a regular use of condom during sexual intercourses. Results & Discussion: In 10 (30.3%) women Yc was detected, especially if the infected partner was male and if the couple did not have sons. This is confirmed in Italian heterosexual women and is already demonstrated in other populations: behavioural counselling is not always a valid tool and the self-reported use of condom is not fully reliable. Conclusion: Further studies could help in the future to individuate more effective preventive strategies for both HIV and sexually transmitted infections.

scholarly journals Associations between Trauma, Dissociation, Adult Attachment and Proneness to Hallucinations

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Berry ◽  
Paul Fleming ◽  
Samantha Wong ◽  
Sandra Bucci
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Relative Contribution

Background: Childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment have all been implicated in the development of hallucinations or ‘voice-hearing’. Testing psychological models in relation to subclinical phenomena, such as proneness to hallucinations in non-clinical samples, provides a convenient methodology to develop understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying clinical symptoms. Aims: This paper investigates the relative contribution of childhood adversity, dissociation and adult attachment in explaining hallucination proneness in a non-clinical sample. Methods: Students and staff with no previous contact with secondary care at the University of Manchester were recruited. Participants completed a series of self-report measures: the Launay‒Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), the Relationship Scale Questionnaire (RSQ), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), the Dissociative Experiences Schedule (DES II) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: As hypothesized, insecure attachment, childhood adversity and dissociative symptoms were correlated with hallucination proneness. Multiple regression analysis, controlling for confounds of age and negative affect, indicated that the RSQ, CTQ and DES II predicted hallucination proneness. Only DES II and RSQ avoidant attachment were significant independent predictors in the final model. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence to support the idea that attachment and dissociation are important psychological mechanisms involved in voice-hearing proneness. Further testing is required with a clinical population.

An Aetiological Model of Non-Melancholic Depression: Study Design and Validity of the Measures

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Parker ◽  
Gemma Gladstone ◽  
Kay Wilhelm ◽  
Ian Hickie ◽  
Philip Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Melancholic Depression ◽  
Life Event ◽  
Life Event Stress ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Valid Information ◽  
Event Stress

Objective: The aim of this paper is to describe an approach to sub-typing non-melancholic depression and to determine which raters from a variety of backgrounds provided the most valid information on study variables. Method: A sample of non-melancholic depressed patients is described. Multiple raters (i.e. patients, psychiatrists, referrers and corroborative witnesses) completed measures of the patient's trait anxiety levels, severity of recent life event stressors and personality functioning. Results: The study and representative data are reported. Congruence between several measures employed indicated that psychiatrist rating of disordered personality was superior to corroborative witness report. Assessment of anxiety traits indicated reasonable agreement between referrers and corroborative witnesses but poor agreement between those ratings and interview-elicited ratings. There were also discrepancies in quantifying “severity” of life event stress, with patients and their corroborative witnesses rating such events as more severe than either the interviewing psychiatrist or psychiatrists involved in consensus rating sessions. Importantly, the psychiatrists' capacity to quantify the relative contribution of disordered personality, anxiety and life-event stress to the particular depressive episode was supported. Conclusions: Results indicate some of the difficulties in operationalising determinants that may contribute to and sub-type the non-melancholic depressions, and demonstrate the advantages of using a range of rating strategies and raters. In this study, psychiatrist-generated judgements are clearly favoured, although the advantages of also assessing trait anxiety and life-event stress impact by self-report strategies are conceded. Some techniques for estimating the contribution of disordered personality function, anxiety and life-event stress are offered for both their research and their clinical utility.

NEO Personality Inventory--Revised Reduced Portuguese Version

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Pedros-Lima ◽  
Eunice Magalhães ◽  
Ana Salgueira ◽  
António-José Gonzalez ◽  
José Joaquim Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised

Personality, Creativity, and Aesthetic Preference: Comparing Psychoticism, Sensation Seeking, Schizotypy, and Openness to Experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rawlings Fionnuala Twomey ◽  
Elizabeth Burns ◽  
Sharon Morris
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Aesthetic Preference ◽  
Schizotypal Personality ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory Revised

Three studies examined the relationship between several measures of creativity and aesthetic preference and several established personality scales. Study 1 derived indices of Fluency, Originality, and Preference for Complexity and Meaningfulness using random polygons varying in complexity (turns); the scales of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Revised) (EPQ-R), the Schizotypal Personality Scale (STA), and the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V (SSS-V) were the personality measures. Study 2 added Openness to Experience from the NEO Personality Inventory (Revised) to the personality measures; factors derived from the Litle and Zuckerman Music Preference Scale were added to the creativity/preference set. Study 3 replaced the polygons used in Study 2 with two Kogan-Wallach creativity tests, and added a word association task. Canonical correlations suggested a substantial relationship between SSS-V, Openness, and EPQ-R Psychoticism, and a creativity/preference set particularly represented by Preference for Complexity, dislike of “soft popular” music, and originality or number of divergent thinking responses. Subscale analyses implicated willingness to question conventional values as a major component of the “creative personality.”

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