Personality, Coping Strategy, and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with chronic kidney disease are subject to prolonged medical treatment that might affect their quality of life. The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between personality, coping strategies, and quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease. 40 Participants (25-55 years old) were recruited using purposive sampling and presented with three instruments: the Indonesian versions of NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R), Ways of Copings, and Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36). Results showed a significant correlation between all variables after regression analysis was applied. Further results indicate certain coping strategies were related to an individual’s perceptions of kidney disease. A significant correlation was found between three personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and quality of life. Results also found that female patients have a better quality of life than men. Further research is needed to examine further the crucial role of social support and ethnic differences. Psychological intervention programs to provide psychoeducation on how to recognize stress symptoms and better stress management for patients with chronic kidney disease are also warranted.

Two of a kind or distant relatives? A multimethod investigation of the overlap between personality traits and character strengths

Allport’s (1927) distinction of personality devaluated (personality) and personality evaluated (character) can still be found in today’s psychological landscape. The present study compares the Five-Factor Model of personality and the VIA-classification of character strengths across two methods (self- and peer-reports) and across two levels of abstraction (domains/factors and scales/facets). A sample of 152 participants and 152 peer-raters completed the NEO-Personality Inventory Revised and the VIA Inventory of Strength. Personality and character were found to strongly overlap, yet the different operationalizations were rarely redundant (except for 3 personality facets). Multitrait-multimethod analyses mostly supported the convergent and discriminant validity of personality and character. Interpersonal strengths (e.g., teamwork) and abstract character factors lacked discriminant validity to personality facets. The present investigation contributes to a better understanding of the interplay between personality and character and provides an impetus for future research on the “virtue gap” between devaluated and evaluated personality traits.

A Comparison of Two Five-Factor Model Operationalizations of the Triarchic Model of Psychopathy in a Clinical Sample

Structural models of personality traits, particularly the five-factor model (FFM), continue to inform ongoing debates regarding what personality attributes and trait domains are central to psychopathy. A growing body of literature has linked the constructs of the triarchic model of psychopathy (boldness, meanness, disinhibition) to the FFM. Recently, researchers developed both item and regression-based measures of the triarchic model of psychopathy using the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised—a popular measure of the FFM. The current study examines the correlates of these two FFM-derived operationalizations of the triarchic model using data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. The two approaches had strong convergent validity coefficients and similar patterns of criterion-related validity coefficients. Meanness related to greater personality pathology characterized by exploitation of others and poor attachment, whereas disinhibition related to indicators of greater negative affect and poor behavioral constraint. Boldness related to reduced negative affect and greater narcissistic personality traits. Although the item and regression-based approaches showed similar patterns of associations with criterion-variables, the item-based approach has some practical and psychometric advantages over the regression-based approach given strong correlations between the meanness and disinhibition scores from the regression approach.

Commitment, Dominance, and Mate Value: Power Bases in Long-Term Heterosexual Couples

We assessed the relative contribution of economic, personal, and affective power bases to perceived relationship power. Based on evolutionary studies, we predicted that personality dominance and mate value should represent alternative personal power bases. Our sample was comprised of 84 Czech heterosexual couples. We measured the economic power base using self-report scales assessing education, income and work status. Personal power bases were assessed using self-report measures of personality dominance (International Personality Item Pool Dominance and Assertiveness subscale from NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Extraversion scale), and partner-report measures of mate value (Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, factors 2–6). The first factor of Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, which measures agreeableness/commitment was used to assess the affective power base. Our results show that perceived relationship power is associated with a perception of partner’s high agreeableness/commitment. Moreover, women’s personality dominance and mate value are also linked with perceived relationship power, which supports our evolutionary prediction of dominance and mate value working as power bases for women. The stronger effect of women’s than men’s power bases may be due to gender differences in investment into relationships and/or due to transition to more equal relationships currently sought by women in the Czech Republic.

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Brief Form in an Undergraduate Sample of South African University Students

Assessments are regularly used among clinicians within psychology, yet many are deemed too time-consuming and expensive. The Personality Inventory for— Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5)—Brief Form (PID-5-BF) was developed to measure maladaptive personality traits ( negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism), based on the “hybrid model” for personality disorders included in DSM- 5 Section III. Literature indicates that reliability and validity for the PID-5-BF has been established in other countries. We explored these psychometric properties within a South African population using the NEO Personality Inventory Revised and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview’s (MINI) Subscale K: psychotic disorders and mood disorder with psychotic features, as measures for comparison. Our results indicated support for the PID-5-BF with sufficient reliability, convergent, and discriminant validity. More research is needed on the PID-5-BF, especially in South Africa, but our findings indicate it to be a promising assessment tool that could greatly benefit clinicians in the mental health sector.

Academic Performance: The Role of Grit Compared to Short and Comprehensive Inventories of Conscientiousness

Grit has been suggested as a predictor of academic success over and above established constructs like conscientiousness (C) but has only been compared to brief inventories of trait-level C. This study examined the difference between using a brief inventory of C (Big Five Inventory [BFI]) and a facet-level inventory (NEO Personality Inventory–Revised [NEO PI-R]) as controls for grit in an undergraduate sample ( N = 1,394). Grit exhibited strong correlations with C, particularly the facets of self-discipline and achievement striving. When BFI was used, both grit and C added small increments in explained variance while controlling for each other. When NEO PI-R was used, grit could not explain any additional variance in university grade and minuscule amounts (4%) in high school grade. Facets of C added moderate amounts (16%–54%) of incremental variance to both university and high school grades when controlling for grit. The results demonstrated that different outcomes are to be expected depending upon the choice of C measure.

Internal Consistency and Concurrent Validity for the Critical Hire-Personality Assessment: A Replication Study with Correctional Officers

The Critical Hire – Personality Assessment (CH-PA) is a pre-employment personality assessment developed for law enforcement and correctional officer applicants. This study replicated findings provided by Tatman (2019) regarding the CH-PA's internal consistency and concurrent validity when compared to the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. Results obtained in this study are consistent with findings obtained by Tatman (2019) and provide supporting evidence for the reliability and concurrent validity for the CH-PA when used with a sample of correctional officer applicants.

Recovering the HEXACO Personality Factors – and Psychoticism – From Variable Sets Assessing Normal and Abnormal Personality

We examined the joint factor structure of the 30 facets of the NEO Personality Inventory – Revised (NEO-PI-R; or the NEO-PI-3) with either (a) the 25 facets of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) or (b) the 15 facets of the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP) plus several dissociation scales, using self-reports from participant samples of previous research. The NEO-PI-R[3]/PID-5 variable set produced seven factors that represented the HEXACO factor space plus a “psychoticism” dimension. The NEO-PI-R/SNAP/dissociation variable set produced a similar set of seven factors. The results indicate that even some questionnaire variable sets not constructed to measure the HEXACO factors can recover those personality dimensions. Researchers interested in integrating the domains of normal and abnormal personality are advised to adopt a model consisting of six HEXACO-like dimensions plus a dimension of psychotic tendency.

Analysis of personality disorder profiles obtained by five-factor personality model

Background/Aim. In spite of the growing body of evidence in the field of personality disorders, these disorders still retain the lowest diagnostic reliability of any major category of mental disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of personality profiles in patients diagnosed with personality disorder in comparison with the group of healthy control subjects, as well as to establish to what extent the five-factor personality model domains determine the specific clusters of personality disorders. Methods. The study group comprised 97 patients diagnosed as personality disorders (according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ? DSM-IV criteria), aged between 18 and 65 years [mean = 35.78 years, standard deviation (SD) = 13.72 years], 67% were female. Control group included 58 healthy subjects (student population) aged between 20 to 35 years (mean = 22.48 years, SD = 2.56 years), 56% were female. The assessment was carried out by the new version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PIR), form S, and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID II) for DSM-IV disorders. Results. The three clusters were found by the use of regression analysis: cluster A ? eccentrics (low scores in agreeableness), cluster B ? dramatics (high score in extroversion, low score in agreeableness, and cluster C ? anxious (low score in extroversion). The findings showed that the high level of neuroticism was a non-specific predictor of all three clusters, while dimension openness to experience had no predictive power for any of the three clusters. Conclusion. Our findings support the meta-analysis which suggests consistently high level of neuroticism and low level of agreeableness in most personality disorders. The study showed that it is possible to conceptualize personality disorders by using five-factor personality model of normal personality. Integrating the psychiatric classification with the dimensional model of general personality structure could enable the uncovering of essential parameters for setting the diagnosis.

The Differences of Counseling Satisfaction Between Counselees With Counseling Style Matches With Their Personalities and Those Who Are Not

This study aimed to determine the differences in counseling satisfaction between counselees who get counseling services in accordance with the characteristics of his personality and get appropriate counseling style and those who do not. The hypothesis proposed in this study was that there was the influence of counselee personality characteristics, counseling style that was in accordance with the satisfaction of counseling.Two hundred and fifty-three men and women who have lived in Semarang for at least 1 year, aged between 18 and 55 years and came from various professions participated in this research. The recruitment of participants was voluntary to participants who were students whereas for non-student participants, there is assignment from the working institutions. The experimental research method was applied by grouping the subjects in the experimental and control groups randomly. A counseling style that matches the characteristics of the participants' personality was given in the experimental group, whereas in the control group it was not. Further comparison of the experimental and control groups was conducted to prove the differences in counseling satisfaction of both groups. Two instruments used in this study were: (1) the Indonesian version of the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) developed by Costa & McCrae (2) Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ-8). It was found that in general all participants were satisfied with the counseling service received. T-test analysis was found that there was no difference in counseling satisfaction between experimental and control groups