Malaria in Cambodia: A Retrospective Analysis of a Changing Epidemiology 2006–2019

Background: In Cambodia, malaria persists with changing epidemiology and resistance to antimalarials. This study aimed to describe how malaria has evolved spatially from 2006 to 2019 in Cambodia. Methods: We undertook a secondary analysis of existing malaria data from all government healthcare facilities in Cambodia. The epidemiology of malaria was described by sex, age, seasonality, and species. Spatial clusters at the district level were identified with a Poisson model. Results: Overall, incidence decreased from 7.4 cases/1000 population in 2006 to 1.9 in 2019. The decrease has been drastic for females, from 6.7 to 0.6/1000. Adults aged 15–49 years had the highest malaria incidence among all age groups. The proportion of Plasmodium (P.) falciparum + Mixed among confirmed cases declined from 87.9% (n = 67,489) in 2006 to 16.6% (n = 5290) in 2019. Clusters of P. falciparum + Mixed and P. vivax + Mixed were detected in forested provinces along all national borders. Conclusions: There has been a noted decrease in P. falciparum cases in 2019, suggesting that an intensification plan should be maintained. A decline in P. vivax cases was also noted, although less pronounced. Interventions aimed at preventing new infections of P. vivax and relapses should be prioritized. All detected malaria cases should be captured by the national surveillance system to avoid misleading trends.

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Incidence of invasive meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in Germany, 2010 to 2014

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/1560-7917.es.2015.20.46.30067 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (46) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jan Walter ◽

Sebastian Haller ◽

Hans-Peter Blank ◽

Tim Eckmanns ◽

Muna Abu Sin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Age Groups ◽

Federal State ◽

Surveillance Systems ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Federal States ◽

Calculated Risk ◽

Risk Ratios ◽

National Surveillance System

Voluntary surveillance systems in Germany suggest a recent decline in the incidence of infections (subsequent to at least 2010) with meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from various types of specimens and settings. We asked whether this decline is reflected by data from the mandatory national surveillance system for invasive MRSA infections. Our analysis is based on the population in Germany in 2010 to 2014. Cases were identified from passive reporting by microbiological laboratories of the diagnosis of MRSA from blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid. Respective clinical data were subsequently added to the notification. We calculated risk ratios (RR) between consecutive years, stratifying cases by sex, age and federal state of residence. The national incidence increased from 4.6 episodes per 100,000 persons in 2010 to 5.6 in 2012 (2011 vs 2010: RR: 1.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–1.18; 2012 vs 2011: RR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.13). It stagnated at 5.4 per 100,000 in 2013 (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.93–1.01) before declining to 4.8 in 2014 (RR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.84–0.91). This trend was observed in most, but not all federal states and strata of sex and age groups. Only 204 of 20,679 (1%) episodes of infection were notified as belonging to an outbreak. Our analysis corroborates previous findings that the incidence of invasive MRSA infections in Germany may be declining.

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Building a National Surveillance System for Malpractice Claims

Health Services Research ◽

10.1111/1475-6773.12623 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 2642-2648 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Michelle M. Mello ◽

David M. Studdert

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Malpractice Claims ◽

National Surveillance System

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Healthcare-associated infections in high-risk neonates: Temporal trends in a national surveillance system

Early Human Development ◽

10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105394 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105394

Author(s):

Ralciane P. Menezes ◽

Sávia G.O. Melo ◽

Murilo B. Oliveira ◽

Felipe F. Silva ◽

Priscila G.V. Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Healthcare Associated Infections ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Healthcare Associated ◽

National Surveillance System

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Reducing neonatal nosocomial bloodstream infections through participation in a national surveillance system

Journal of Hospital Infection ◽

10.1016/j.jhin.2006.12.020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 65 (4) ◽

pp. 319-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

F. Schwab ◽

C. Geffers ◽

S. Bärwolff ◽

H. Rüden ◽

P. Gastmeier

Keyword(s):

Surveillance System ◽

Bloodstream Infections ◽

National Surveillance ◽

National Surveillance System

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Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Ukraine, an emergent zoonosis: epidemiological report of 1465 cases

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.2478/s11686-013-0187-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Rusłan Sałamatin ◽

Tamara Pavlikovska ◽

Olga Sagach ◽

Svitlana Nikolayenko ◽

Vadim Kornyushin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skin Lesion ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Mammary Glands ◽

Dirofilaria Repens ◽

National Surveillance ◽

Registration System ◽

Western Ukraine ◽

Human Dirofilariasis ◽

Analysis Point ◽

National Surveillance System

AbstractThe filarial nematode Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most extensively spreading human and animal parasites in Europe. In Ukraine, reporting cases of dirofilariasis has been mandatory since 1975, and the disease was included in the national surveillance system for notifiable diseases. Up until December 31st 2012, a total of 1533 cases have been registered, with 1465 cases occurring within the previous 16 years. Most of the cases of dirofilariasis were registered in 6 regions: Kyiv, and the Donetsk, Zaporizhzhya, Dnipropetrovsk, Kherson and Chernihiv oblasts. In the years 1997–2002 the highest incidence rate was noted in the Kherson oblast in the south of the country (9.79 per 100 000 people), and the lowest in western Ukraine (0.07–1.68 per 100 000 people). D. repens infections were registered in all oblasts. Parasitic lesions were most often located in the head, the subconjunctival tissue and around the eyes. D. repens lesions were also found in the limbs, torso, male sexual organs, and female mammary glands. Dirofilariasis was diagnosed in persons aged from 11 months to 90 years old, most often among people between 21–40 years of age. Most patients had only one parasitic skin lesion; the majority of isolated nematodes were female. The results of our analysis point to a constant increase in D. repens dirofilariasis incidence in humans in Ukraine. Despite educational efforts, infections have become more frequent and the territory in which the disease occurs has enlarged to encompass the whole of Ukraine. Nevertheless, the Ukrainian sanitary-epidemiological services managed to achieve some measure of success, e.g. by creating a registration system for D. repens infections and establishing proper diagnostics for the disease.

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