Dirofilariasis in humans presenting as a subcutaneous nodule

Human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic roundworm infection caused by worms belonging to dirofilaria species transmitted by zoo -anthropophilic blood sucking insects which is known to manifest as ocular infection or as a subcutaneous nodule usually in the upper part of the body. We present a case report of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in the left temporal region besides the eye brow in a 65yr old female, clinically diagnosed as epidermal cyst. Gross and histopathological evaluation revealed the presence of an adult worm with granulomatous inflammatory reaction.

Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis Infections in Humans During 2005 to 2020, in Kerala, India

We tried to determine the epidemiology and species of human dirofilariasis observed at two tertiary care hospitals in Kerala. We searched the hospital database to identify cases of dirofilariosis from January 2005 to March 2020. Along with human isolates, one dog Dirofilaria isolate was also subjected to PCR and sequencing of pan filarial primers cytochrome oxidase subunits 1 and 12S rDNA. We documented 78 cases of human dirofilariosis. The orbit, eyelid, and conjunctiva were the most commonly affected sites. Molecular characterization identified one dog and five human isolates as Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. A rare case of subconjunctival infestation by B. malayi was also documented. Human dirofilariosis is a public health problem in the state of Kerala in India, and it is mostly caused by Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis. We propose that all diroifilaria isolates are subjected to sequencing for identification.

Retrospective and operational analysis of the epidemiological situation of human dirofilariasis in the Astrakhan region

Целью данной работы являлся ретроспективный и оперативный анализ эпидемиологической ситуации по дирофиляриозу человека в Астраханской области за период с 1951 по 2019 гг. Так, были проанализированы 81 эпидемиологическая карта лиц, инвазированных дирофиляриями, а также карты амбулаторного приема пациентов Гельминтологического центра. Всего за анализируемый период с 1951 по 2019 гг. на территории Астраханской области был зарегистрирован 81 местный случай заражения человека дирофиляриями. Наибольшее число случаев дирофиляриоза отмечалось в конце 1990-х – начале 2000-х годов – 63% (n = 51), а их пик был зарегистрирован в 2000 и 2002 гг. – 13,6% (n = 11) и 11,1% (n = 9) соответственно. В большинстве случаев выставлялись неправильные диагнозы – 77,8%. Все описанные случаи являлись местными – пациенты никуда за пределы Астраханской области не выезжали. Диагноз дирофиляриоз выставлялся на основании данных клинической картины, эпидемиологического анамнеза и результатов лабораторного исследования крови. Таким образом, проблема дирофиляриоза остается актуальной на сегодняшний день, о чем свидетельствуют новые случаи заболевания человека; основным местом локализации являются области век, орбиты и волосистой части головы; дирофиляриоз чаще отмечался у лиц женского пола, вследствие того, что в отличие от мужчин женщины более тщательно следят за своей внешностью; характерными признаками дирофиляриоза являются гиперемия, отек, боль в месте локализации гельминта, а также миграция паразита под кожей; в большинстве случаев выставляются неправильные диагнозы. The aim of this study was retrospective and operative analysis of the epidemiological situation dirofilaria man in the Astrakhan region for the period from 1951 to 2019. So, it was analyzed 81 epidemiological map persons infected with dirofilaria and admission of ambulatory patients Helminthological center. In total, during the analyzed period from 1951 to 2019, 81 local cases of human dirofilariae infection were registered in the Astrakhan region. The largest number of cases of dirofilariasis was observed in the late 90s – early 2000s – 63% (n = 51). The largest number of cases of dirofilariasis was registered in 2000 and 2002 – 13.6% (n = 11) and 11.1% (n = 9), respectively. In most cases, incorrect diagnoses were made – 77.8%. All the described cases were local-patients did not go anywhere outside the Astrakhan region. The diagnosis of dirofilariasis was made based on the data of the clinical picture, epidemiological history and data from laboratory blood tests. Thus, the problem of dirofilariasis remains relevant today, as evidenced by new cases of human disease; the main location is the area of the eyelids, orbit and scalp; dirofilariasis was more often observed in women, due to the fact that, unlike men, they are more careful about their appearance; characteristic signs of dirofilariosis are hyperemia, edema, pain at the location of helminth, as well as the migration of the parasite under the skin; in most cases, incorrect diagnoses are made.

Human Dirofilariasis: A Case of Infraorbital Infection

Background: Human dirofilariasis is not perceived as a serious public health concern in India despite more number of sporadic cases being reported of late. Only a few dozen cases were reported in the first decade of the new millenium, but the number is gradually increasing during the last decade. With a high population of pet dogs & cats and vast number of stray dogs, the State of Kerala could be a potential infective area. Case Report: It is against this background that an interesting case of infraorbital incidence of dirofilaria repens is being reported that was mimicking as periorbital cellulitis. The cyst was surgically excised and sent for histopathological examination. The presence of Dirofilaria repens was confirmed. Conclusion: There has been an increase in the incidence of dirofilariasis in countries that were considered as non-endemic such as India of late. The probable contributing factors are discussed in detail. Coordinated parasite surveillance and preventive vector control measures with active participation from LSGs and local population are suggested.

A case report on facial subcutaneous dirofilariasis with intraoral extension

Dirofilarial is parasitic nematodes of domestic and wild animals that can infect humans accidently via vectors. This disease is endemic in South Eastern United States, Australia, Europe and Central and Southern Asia. Dirofilaria immitis and Drepens are the common mosquito borne filarial nematodes that cause infection. The most frequent presentation of human dirofilariasis is a single submucosal nodule without signs of inflammation. Oral dirofilariasis is extremely rare and only a few cases have been documented. We report an interesting case of subcutaneous dirofilariasis in a patient who presented with a facial swelling. Laboratory investigations and radiographs were non-contributory to diagnosis. This paper stresses the importance of considering dirofilariasis as differential diagnosis for subcutaneous swelling of the face with intraoral extension, especially in areas where it is endemic.