scholarly journals Sources of COVID-19-Related Information in People with Various Levels of Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors in Taiwan: A Latent Profile Analysis

Author(s):  
Peng-Wei Wang ◽  
Yi-Lung Chen ◽  
Yu-Ping Chang ◽  
Chia-Fen Wu ◽  
Wei-Hsin Lu ◽  
...  

The present study aimed to identify the distinct levels of risk perception and preventive behaviors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak among people in Taiwan and to examine the roles of information sources in various levels of risk perception and preventive behavior. The online survey recruited 1984 participants through a Facebook advertisement. Their self-reported risk perception, adopted preventive behaviors and COVID-19-related information were collected. We analyzed individuals’ risk perception and adopted preventive behaviors by using latent profile analysis and conducted multinomial logistic regression of latent class membership on COVID-19-related information sources. Four latent classes were identified, including the risk neutrals with high preventive behaviors, the risk exaggerators with high preventive behaviors, the risk deniers with moderate preventive behaviors, and the risk deniers with low preventive behaviors. Compared with the risk neutrals, the risk exaggerators with high preventive behaviors were more likely to obtain COVID-19 information from multiple sources, whereas the risk deniers with moderate preventive behaviors and risk deniers with low preventive behaviors were less likely to obtain COVID-19 information compared with the risk neutrals. Governments and health professions should take the variety of risk perception and adopted preventive behaviors into consideration when disseminating information on COVID-19 to the general public.

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Fenton ◽  
S. F. Grey ◽  
M. Reichenbach ◽  
M. McCarroll ◽  
V. Von Gruenigen

Introduction. Defining clinical phenotypes based on physical examination is required for clarifying heterogeneous disorders such as chronic pelvic pain (CPP). The objective of this study was to determine the number of classes within 4 examinable regions and then establish threshold and optimal exam criteria for the classes discovered. Methods. A total of 476 patients meeting the criteria for CPP were examined using pain pressure threshold (PPT) algometry and standardized numeric scale (NRS) pain ratings at 30 distinct sites over 4 pelvic regions. Exploratory factor analysis, latent profile analysis, and ROC curves were then used to identify classes, optimal examination points, and threshold scores. Results. Latent profile analysis produced two classes for each region: high and low pain groups. The optimal examination sites (and high pain minimum thresholds) were for the abdominal wall region: the pair at the midabdomen (PPT threshold depression of > 2); vulvar vestibule region: 10:00 position (NRS > 2); pelvic floor region: puborectalis (combined NRS > 6); vaginal apex region: uterosacral ligaments (combined NRS > 8). Conclusion. Physical examination scores of patients with CPP are best categorized into two classes: high pain and low pain. Standardization of the physical examination in CPP provides both researchers and general gynecologists with a validated technique.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglv Xu ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Min Yuan ◽  
Liya Ma ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
...  

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the latent class of basic reproduction number (R0) trends of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the major endemic areas of China.Methods: The provinces that reported more than 500 cases of COVID-19 till February 18, 2020 were selected as the major endemic areas. The Verhulst model was used to fit the growth rate of cumulative confirmed cases. The R0 of COVID-19 was calculated using the parameters of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. The latent class of R0 was analyzed using the latent profile analysis (LPA) model.Results: The median R0 calculated from the SARS and COVID-19 parameters were 1.84–3.18 and 1.74–2.91, respectively. The R0 calculated from the SARS parameters was greater than that calculated from the COVID-19 parameters (Z = −4.782 to −4.623, p < 0.01). Both R0 can be divided into three latent classes. The initial value of R0 in class 1 (Shandong Province, Sichuan Province, and Chongqing Municipality) was relatively low and decreased slowly. The initial value of R0 in class 2 (Anhui Province, Hunan Province, Jiangxi Province, Henan Province, Zhejiang Province, Guangdong Province, and Jiangsu Province) was relatively high and decreased rapidly. Moreover, the initial R0 value of class 3 (Hubei Province) was in the range between that of classes 1 and 2, but the higher R0 level lasted longer and decreased slowly.Conclusion: The results indicated that the overall R0 trend is decreased with the strengthening of comprehensive prevention and control measures of China for COVID-19, however, there are regional differences.


Assessment ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1383-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Saracino ◽  
Heining Cham ◽  
Barry Rosenfeld ◽  
Christian J. Nelson

The aging of America will include a significant increase in the number of older patients with cancer, many of whom will experience significant depressive symptoms. Although geriatric depression is a well-studied construct, its symptom presentation in the context of cancer is less clear. Latent profile analysis was conducted on depressive symptoms in younger (40-64 years) and older (≥65 years) patients with cancer ( N = 636). The sample was clinically heterogeneous (i.e., included all stages, dominated by advanced stage disease). Participants completed questionnaires including the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, which was used for the latent profile analysis. A four-class pattern was supported for each age group. However, the four-class pattern was significantly different between the younger and older groups in terms of the item means within each corresponding latent class; differences were primarily driven by severity such that across classes, older adults endorsed milder symptoms. An unexpected measurement issue was uncovered regarding reverse-coded items, suggesting that they may generate unreliable scores on the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for a significant subset of patients. The results indicate that cancer clinicians can expect to see depressive symptoms along a continuum of severity for patients of any age, with less severe symptoms among older patients.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomosumi Haitani ◽  
Naomi Sakai ◽  
Koichi Mori ◽  
Tomohito Houjou

Purpose: Adults who stutter (AWS) often experience social anxiety. Social anxiety is explained by several situational factors, one of which is a factor for telephone, which is unique to AWS. This unique social anxiety, which has not been observed in individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), may lead to heterogeneity or distinct subtypes of AWS. The present study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of social anxiety in AWS in terms of feared social situations.Methods: Social anxiety was measured using the fear/anxiety scale of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). The scores of the five subscales in the LSAS in 562 AWS were analyzed using latent profile analysis. First, the number of latent classes (subtypes) was determined through statistical criteria and interpretability. Next, the profiles of social anxiety, demographic data, communication attitudes, and the overall severity of social anxiety of the subtypes were investigated.Results: Five latent class solutions led to good classifications. About one-quarter of AWS (156) were included in a subtype with sub-clinical levels of overall severity of social anxiety but severe social anxiety in telephone situations. Among them, 100 AWS showed severe social anxiety only in telephone situations. Psychosocial factors, including employment status and communication attitude, were related to extracted subtypes.Conclusions: Some AWS have severe social anxiety specific to telephone situations, which is not proportional to the overall severity of social anxiety. The telephone-specific subtype of social anxiety has not been empirically extracted in principal diagnosis of SAD and can be unique in AWS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren Stern ◽  
Silke Hertel

This study examined parents’ implicit theories of intelligence and self-regulation from a person-centered perspective using latent profile analysis. First, we explored whether different belief profiles exist. Second, we examined if the emergent belief profiles (1) differ by demographic variables (e.g., age, education, child’s self-regulation) and (2) are related to parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation (i.e., learning goals, performance-approach goals, performance-avoidance goals), and co-regulatory strategies (i.e., mastery-oriented and helpless-oriented strategies). Data were collected from N = 137 parents of preschoolers who answered an online survey comprising their implicit theories about the malleability and relevance of the domains (a) intelligence and (b) self-regulation. We identified three belief profiles: profile 1 (9% of the sample) displayed an entity theory, profile 2 (61% of the sample) showed a balanced pattern of both domains of implicit theories, and profile 3 (30% of the sample) was characterized by high incremental self-regulation theories. Analyses showed that parents differed significantly in education and their perception of child self-regulatory competence depending on profile membership, with parents in profile 1 having the lowest scores compared to parents of the other profiles. Differences in parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation, and co-regulatory strategies were also found depending on profile membership. Parents in profile 3 reported failure-is-enhancing mindsets, and mastery-oriented strategies significantly more often than parents in profiles 1 and 2. The results provide new insights into the interplay of important domains of implicit theories, and their associations with parents’ failure beliefs, goal orientation, and co-regulatory strategies.


Author(s):  
Kang-Hyun Park ◽  
Eun-Young Yoo ◽  
Jongbae Kim ◽  
Ickpyo Hong ◽  
Jae-Shin Lee ◽  
...  

This study aimed to examine the multi-faceted lifestyle profiles of community-dwelling middle- and older-aged adults based on their physical activity, participation in various activities, and nutrition. It identified the association of lifestyle profiles with demographic variables, quality of life, and mental health. The analysis included 569 participants (mean age = 60.2; SD = 4.3). Latent profile analysis identified three distinctive lifestyle profiles: “inactive and unbalanced” (36.4%), “basic life maintenance” (54.6%), and “active and balanced” (9.1%). Sex (p < 0.001), age (p < 0.001), and regular medication intake (p < 0.01) were statistically significantly different among the three profiles. Of the “inactive and unbalanced” lifestyle group, 63.3% of it was comprised of by females, and a relatively large distribution was aged over 65. In the “basic life maintenance” subgroup, males showed a relatively large distribution, and 92.6% of participants were aged 55–64. People with active and balanced lifestyles demonstrated high quality of life levels (p < 0.001) and low loneliness levels (p < 0.01). Multinomial logistic regression revealed a statistically significant positive association between lifestyle profiles and quality of life (p < 0.001) as well as mental health (p < 0.01). Therefore, health promotion that considers multi-faceted lifestyle factors would need to improve health and quality of life among community-dwelling middle- and older-aged adults in South Korea.


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