scholarly journals Understanding Leisure Centre-Based Physical Activity after Physical Activity Referral: Evidence from Scheme Participants and Completers in Northumberland UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2957
Author(s):  
Jordan Bell ◽  
Lis Neubeck ◽  
Kai Jin ◽  
Paul Kelly ◽  
Coral L. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Administrative Data ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Ordinal Regression ◽  
World Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are a popular physical activity (PA) intervention in the UK. Little is known about the type, intensity and duration of PA undertaken during and post PARS. We calculated weekly leisure centre-based moderate/vigorous PA for PARS participants (n = 448) and PARS completers (n = 746) in Northumberland, UK, between March 2019–February 2020 using administrative data. We categorised activity levels (<30 min/week, 30–149 min/week and ≥150 min/week) and used ordinal regression to examine predictors for activity category achieved. PARS participants took part in a median of 57.0 min (IQR 26.0–90.0) and PARS completers a median of 68.0 min (IQR 42.0–100.0) moderate/vigorous leisure centre-based PA per week. Being a PARS completer (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.61–2.82) was a positive predictor of achieving a higher level of physical activity category compared to PARS participants. Female PARS participants were less likely (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.97) to achieve ≥30 min of moderate/vigorous LCPA per week compared to male PARS participants. PARS participants achieved 38.0% and PARS completers 45.3% of the World Health Organisation recommended ≥150 min of moderate/vigorous weekly PA through leisure centre use. Strategies integrated within PARS to promote PA outside of leisure centre-based activity may help participants achieve PA guidelines.

scholarly journals Standardised, quantitative neutralisation responses to SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern by convalescent anti-sera from first wave infections of UK Health Care Workers and Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Cantoni ◽  
Martin Mayora-Neto ◽  
Angalee Nadesalingam ◽  
David A. Wells ◽  
George W. Carnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The World ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
The Uk

One of the defining criteria of Variants of Concern (VOC) is their ability to evade pre-existing immunity, increased transmissibility, morbidity and/or mortality. Here we examine the capacity of convalescent plasma, from a well defined cohort of healthcare workers (HCW) and Patients infected during the first wave from a national critical care centre in the UK, to neutralise B.1.1.298 variant and three VOCs; B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and P.1. Furthermore, to enable lab to lab, country to country comparisons we utilised the World Health Organisation (WHO) International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin to report neutralisation findings in International Units. These findings demonstrate a significant reduction in the ability of first wave convalescent plasma to neutralise the VOCs. In addition, Patients and HCWs with more severe COVID-19 were found to have higher antibody titres and to neutralise the VOCs more effectively than individuals with milder symptoms. Widespread use of the WHO International Standard by laboratories in different countries will allow for cross-laboratory comparisons, to benchmark and to establish thresholds of protection against SARS-CoV-2 and levels of immunity in different settings and countries.

scholarly journals Chelmsford Borough Council: A designated International Safe Community

1970 ◽  
pp. 230-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Averil Price
Keyword(s):  
Local Authority ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
The World ◽  
Demonstration Site ◽  
Borough Council ◽  
Authority Area ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Safe Community

This article provides some background to the Safe Communities concept and sets out the criteria to be satisfied as an International Safe Community (ISC). It concludes with reflections about Chelmsford Borough Council’s responsibilities as a Demonstration Site within the UK, and how Council has contributed within an International Network.There are currently over 200 communities across the world that have been designated as International Safe Communities by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and in June 2010, the Chelmsford Borough Council became the first local authority area to achieve this recognition in the UK. International Safe Communities is a World Health Organisation initiative that recognises safety as a ‘universal concern and a responsibility for all’. 1 It is an approach to community safety that encourages greater cooperation and collaboration between a range of non-government organisations, the business sector and local and government agencies. In order to be designated as an ISC, communities are required to meet six criteria developed by the WHO Collaborating Centre on Community Safety. The ISC accreditation process provides support for communities and indicates a level of achievement by an organisation within the field of community safety.

scholarly journals The active living gender’s gap challenge: 2013–2017 Eurobarometers physical inactivity data show constant higher prevalence in women with no progress towards global reduction goals

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Mayo ◽  
G. Liguori ◽  
E. Iglesias-Soler ◽  
R. J. Copeland ◽  
I. Clavel San Emeterio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
World Health ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Reduction ◽  
Activity Questionnaire ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Background The World Health Organization (WHO) considers physical inactivity (PIA) as a critical noncommunicable factor for disease and mortality, affecting more women than men. In 2013, the WHO set a 10% reduction of the PIA prevalence, with the goal to be reached by 2025. Changes in the 2013–2017 period of physical inactivity prevalence in the 28 European Union (EU) countries were evaluated to track the progress in achieving WHO 2025 target. Methods In 2013 and 2017 EU Special Eurobarometers, the physical activity levels reported by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire of 53,607 adults were analyzed. Data were considered as a whole sample and country-by-country. A χ2 test was used to analyze the physical inactivity prevalence (%) between countries, analyzing women and men together and separately. Additionally, PIA prevalence was analyzed between years (2013–2017) for the overall EU sample and within-country using a Z-Score for two population proportions. Results The PIA prevalence increased between 2013 and 2017 for the overall EU sample (p <  0.001), and for women (p = 0.04) and men (p < 0.001) separately. Data showed a higher PIA prevalence in women versus men during both years (p <  0.001). When separately considering changes in PIA by gender, only Belgium’s women and Luxembourg’s men showed a reduction in PIA prevalence. Increases in PIA prevalence over time were observed in women from Austria, Croatia, Germany, Lithuania, Malta, Portugal, Romania, and Slovakia and in men from Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain. Conclusions PIA prevalence showed an overall increase across the EU and for both women and men between 2013 and 2017, with higher rates of PIA reported for women versus men during both years. PIA prevalence was reduced in only Belgium’s women and Luxembourg’s men. Our data indicate a limited gender-sensible approach while tacking PIA prevalence with no progress reaching global voluntary reductions of PIA for 2025.

scholarly journals How did the UK government face the global COVID-19 pandemic?

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiris Cristhina Resende ◽  
Marco Antonio Catussi Paschoalotto ◽  
Stephen Peckham ◽  
Claudia Souza Passador ◽  
João Luiz Passador
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
First Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Uk

Abstract This paper aims to analyse the coordination and cooperation in Primary Health Care (PHC) measures adopted by the British government against the spread of the COVID-19. PHC is clearly part of the solution founded by governments across the world to fight against the spread of the virus. Data analysis was performed based on coordination, cooperation, and PHC literature crossed with documentary analysis of the situation reports released by the World Health Organisation and documents, guides, speeches and action plans on the official UK government website. The measures adopted by the United Kingdom were analysed in four periods, which helps to explain the courses of action during the pandemic: pre-first case (January 22- January 31, 2020), developing prevention measures (February 1 -February 29, 2020), first Action Plan (March 1- March 23, 2020) and lockdown (March 24-May 6, 2020). Despite the lack of consensus in essential matters such as Brexit, the nations in the United Kingdom are working together with a high level of cooperation and coordination in decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Mental Health and Physical Activity: A COVID-19 Viewpoint

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Sunday O. Onagbiye ◽  
Zandile June-Rose Mchiza ◽  
Ezihe L. Ahanonu ◽  
Susan H. Bassett ◽  
Andre Travill
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
World Economy ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Activity And Exercise ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

COVID-19, which has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organisation, has become a public health emergency across the globe. It is a highly contagious disease, which elicits high levels of fear amongst the world population and is considered a threat to the world economy. As a response to this pandemic, international governments have devised unconventional measures to guard the health of their citizenry. Among these are the “new normal” country lockdown that mandates working from home, home-schooling of children, and physical/social distancing from friends and family. For the majority, this has resulted in momentary job loss and loneliness, and other psychological illnesses. Hence millions are frightened, depressed and panic easily as a result of the tension due to the uncertainty, which interferes with their job performance, livelihoods, international trade and the world economy. If not mitigated, this is likely to cause physical health deterioration, with severe mental illness being the outcome. To reduce mental health illnesses during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence suggests prioritising regular participation in physical activity and exercise across lifespan. It is also important for medical experts who specialise in the care and management of mental health to recognise physical activity and exercise as a medicine that can ameliorate some mental illnesses and their associated risk factors.

scholarly journals Refugee, Migrant and Asylum Seekers’ Experience of Accessing and Receiving Primary Healthcare in a UK City of Sanctuary

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosie Scott ◽  
Emer Forde ◽  
Clare Wedderburn
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Further Education ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
The World ◽  
Translation Services ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThe World Health Organisation estimate there are about 1 billion migrants in the world today. The scale of population movement and a global refugee crisis presents an enormous challenge for healthcare provision, and too often the specific health needs of refugees and migrants are not met. This study assessed refugee, asylum seeker and vulnerable migrants’ (AMRs') experience of front line primary healthcare in a region of the United Kingdom designated as a ‘City of Sanctuary’. A questionnaire study explored the views of people seeking refuge and third sector workers supporting them. The majority of AMRs were registered with a GP and positive about their consultations. The views of third sector workers provided a less favourable window into their experience of primary care. In conclusion, the work highlighted patchy experience of primary care, even in a region of the UK designated as a ‘City of Sanctuary’ for people seeking refuge. There is a need for further education of rights to care in the UK, information for people on how to navigate local healthcare systems, consistent access to routine health checks and translation services.

695 Analgesic Ladder Compliance by Junior Doctors on Surgical Wards

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Emanuel ◽  
S Mahdi ◽  
S Bondje ◽  
J Tjokarfa ◽  
J Dhunna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Surgical Patient ◽  
Junior Doctors ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analgesic Ladder ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Introduction Analgesia makes up an integral part of the management of the surgical patient. The World Health Organisation “analgesic ladder” details the escalation of analgesics from paracetamol through to opiates. Over the past decade, opiate prescriptions in the UK have increased by 22% to 40.5 million a year. Method Drug charts were reviewed on the surgical wards prior to presentation of the trust guidelines to surgical juniors. Inclusion criteria was non-cancerous adults who were not on chronic pain medications and had no known allergy or contraindication to NSAIDs. F1/2s were also surveyed on their knowledge of the trust guidelines Results Compliance improved in weak opioids (10.6%) and oramorph (19.1%) but fell in NSAIDs (-2.9%). Paracetamol was prescribed appropriately in 100%. 78% of doctors admitted to not having read the trust guidelines and 89% to not following them despite 100% being aware of the concept of the analgesic ladder. Conclusions We saw a tangible improvement in opiate prescribing by surgical juniors. However, the overall compliance to the analgesic ladder is still relatively poor given the doctors are all aware of the concept of the analgesic ladder, suggesting appropriate analgesic prescribing does not rank as highly in importance as it should.

Health Facilitation

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (706) ◽  
pp. 864-868
Author(s):  
K. Bergin
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
Medical Standards ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organisation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

The organisations involved in health facilitation are 3 international ones, 1 national one and 1 local one. The three international ones are: (a) The World Health Organisation, an offshoot of the United Nations and before that the League of Nations. This body has headquarters at Geneva and disseminates on a daily basis, world-wide information on epidemic diseases, thus keeping countries fully informed of the current disease position in other countries. (b) The International Civil Aviation Organisation, which is a consortium of Government Agencies which draws up statutory regulations for the international control of air travel including, among others, personnel and medical problems. Its objective is to implement the Chicago Convention which, in turn, was the successor to the Paris Convention. It is obviously desirable that recommended practices of medical standards for pilots should be uniform throughout the world. Sir Frederick Tymms was at one time the UK representative. (c) The International Air Transport Association, a voluntary organisation of air operators which endeavours to regulate conditions among commercially competing airlines. The medical committee, like other committees, makes an annual report to the Executive. Sir Wjlliam Hildred was its distinguished chairman for many years.

scholarly journals 301 Theatre Timing Audit (TTA): HPB and Transplant theatre timing during COVID

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marios Ghobrial ◽  
Jos Crush ◽  
Igor Chipurovski ◽  
Fanourios Georgiades
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anaesthetic Induction ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Morbidity Burden ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 is a novel, highly infectious virus that has spread throughout the world causing respiratory disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organisation in March 2020. The UK has been severely affected with around 70000 deaths recorded by December 2020. Surgical practice during this pandemic has changed, as peri-operative infections carry significant mortality and morbidity burden. Method Theatre timing from a large volume hospital specifically for HPB-Transplant dedicated theatres were assessed to evaluate the impact of the national/local COVID-19 protocols on service delivery. “Pre-COVID period” was defined by auditing times from ward-to-theatre, anaesthetic induction-to-start of procedure and end of procedure-to-transfer out of theatre for 2 consecutive weeks in October/November 2019. “COVID period-1” and “COVID period-2” were defined as two consecutive weeks during the UK government-imposed lockdown in April and November 2020, respectively. Results Under the care of the HPB-Transplant team pre-COVID 56 individuals were treated in 30 sessions. Only 16 patients (28.6% of capacity) in 12 sessions were treated in COVID period-1 and 48 patients were treated (85.7% of capacity) in 30 sessions in COVID period-2. Similar times were observed in transferring patients to theatre (p-value=0.265) and induction of anaesthesia (p-value=0.698) across the 3 periods. Significant delays were observed in transferring patients out of theatre during COVID period-1, that returned to near normal timing during COVID period-2 (16.6±12.8 Vs 39.4±10.9 Vs 17.6±10.5 min; p-value = &lt;0.00001). Conclusions Despite returning to near normal theatre timings in COVID period-2, we treat fewer patients, adversely affecting waiting lists.

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