scholarly journals Income Inequality, Neighbourhood Social Capital and Subjective Well-Being in China: Exploration of a Moderating Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6799
Author(s):  
Jiawen Huang ◽  
Yitong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Neighbourhood Social Capital ◽  
The Individual

With the continuous global rise in inequality and the growing importance of subjective welfare, the relationship between income inequality and subjective well-being has received increasing attention. This paper focuses on neighbourhood social capital, measured at the individual and community levels, to explore its moderating effect on the association between income inequality and subjective well-being in the context of China, an issue few studies have examined. Using data from the China Labour-force Dynamics Survey and multilevel models, the results show that income inequality measured using three different indicators had a stable and negative association with subjective well-being in China, after controlling for various individual characteristics and aggregate-level factors. Although neighbourhood social capital at the individual level has been proven to promote subjective well-being, a dark side of social capital is also found at the community level. More notably, neighbourhood social capital at the individual level can attenuate the negative impact of income inequality on subjective well-being, especially for vulnerable groups, such as those with low income or low education. How to reasonably guide the community to develop social capital is an important policy implication to attenuate the negative psychological experience of income inequality.

Transnational Parenthood and Migrant Subjective Well-Being in Italy

2022 ◽  
pp. 019791832110685
Author(s):  
Francesca Tosi ◽  
Roberto Impicciatore
Keyword(s):  
Family Relations ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Migrant Parents

Transnational parents are migrant mothers and fathers who have at least one child left behind in the home country. Despite their non-negligible prevalence in many destination countries, scarcity of data on the topic has caused a lack of attention to this phenomenon in both policy and scholarship. In particular, little is known about how the interplay between migration and family relations at a distance affects the individual well-being of both migrant parents and their left-behind children, especially in a European context. This article evaluates the subjective well-being of migrant couples currently residing in Italy who have children left behind, compared with childless migrants and with migrant parents living with their children in Italy. Multivariate logistic regression applied to individual-level data from Istat's Survey on Social condition and integration of foreign citizens, 2011–2012, shows that transnational parents experienced lower levels of self-rated health compared with migrants with different family statuses and that the well-being loss associated with transnational parenthood is strongly gendered. Controlling for individual characteristics, socio-economic conditions, the presence of minor children, and migration background, our analysis demonstrates that men's subjective wellbeing did not vary based on their family status while transnational mothers experienced significantly lower well-being compared with childless migrant women. Our research suggests the need for adopting a transnational approach to migration starting from data gathering, for instance through the design and implementation of multi-sited and retrospective surveys.

scholarly journals The Impact of Income Inequality on Subjective Environmental Pollution: Individual Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8090
Author(s):  
Baoxi Li ◽  
De Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Shape Effect ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Environmental Attitude ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between income inequality and objective environmental pollution, but few focus on the nexus between income inequality and subjective environmental pollution (SEP). Using micro data from the Chinese General Society Survey (CGSS) in 2013 and official statistical data at the provincial level, this paper tests the impact of individual-level income inequality on subjective environmental pollution in China. The results show that individual-level income inequality has an inverted U-shape relationship with subjective environmental pollution, which indicates that increasing the income inequality at the individual level will first rise and then reduce their perceived subjective environmental pollution after reaching the peak. For about 84% of respondents, their subjective environmental pollution decreases with the increase of individual-level income inequality. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analyses show that the income inequality of urban residents and of the locals have an inverted U-shape effect on SEP, and the SEP of females and of individuals with positive environmental attitude are more sensitive to the effect of income inequality. Additionally, we find that subjective well-being plays a mediating role in the relation between income inequality and SEP. Individual income inequality decreases their self-reported well-being, and an increase in well-being has a negative effect on their subjectively perceived environmental quality. We also find non-television media exposures, such as newspaper, magazine, broadcasting, Internet, and mobile custom messages, will amplify the effect of individual-level income inequality on subjective environmental pollution.

scholarly journals WHETHER INDIVIDUALISM MAKES PEOPLE FROM THE “WEST” HAPPIER AND COLLECTIVISM MAKES PEOPLE FROM THE “EAST” MORE SATISFIED IN LIFE: AN INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL ANALYSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6B) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Hữu An ◽  
Lê Duy Mai Phương
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The West ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collectivistic Cultures ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Determinants of the variation of happiness have long been discussed in social sciences. Recent studies have focused on investigating cultural factors contributing to the level of individual happiness, in which the cultural dimension of individualism (IND) and collectivism (COL) has been drawing the attention of a large number of scholars. At the cultural level of analysis, happiness is associated with personal achievements as well as personal egoism in individualistic cultures, while it is related to interpersonal relationships in collectivistic cultures. Empirical research yields unconventional results at the individual level of analysis, that is, individuals in collectivistic cultures favor IND to be happy, in contrast, people in individualistic cultures emphasize COL be satisfied in life. Using data from the fifth wave of the World Values Survey (WVS), this study takes the cultural dimension of IND and COL at the individual level of analysis to detect its effects on happiness (conceptualized as subjective well-being – SWB) in the comparison between the two cultures. Multiple linear regression models reveal results that individuals from the “West” experience greater happiness when they expose themselves less individualist, while, individuals from the “East” feel more satisfied and happier in their life when they emphasize more on IND or being more autonomous.

scholarly journals Testing Integration Hypotheses in Dagestan: The Meditative Role of Individual Social Capital

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Tatarko
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Acculturation Strategies ◽  
Integration Strategy ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
The Individual

The results of meditational analysis role of outgroup social capital when testing the integration hypothesis are presented. We considered how acculturation strategies, individual social capital and subjective well-being of persons living in a multicultural environment are related. The sample included representatives of three ethnic groups, living in the Republic of Dagestan: Avars (N=105), Dargins (N=121), and Russians (N=100). We used a modified method of "resource generator" to study the individual social capital. Also we used a Russian version of Berry's method of assessing acculturation strategies and subjective well-being. The obtained empirical data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. We hypothesized that the choice of integration strategy does not only promote harmonious intergroup relationships, but also has positive effects on well-being on the individual level. Those who choose the integration strategy end up with stronger social capital that works as a protective factor against various negative life events, promoting the overall well-being. However, our hypothesis was supported with Russians only, with Avars and Dargins it was supported with some restrictions. The results of this study shed light onto the socio-psychological mechanisms of integration of ethnic groups in a multicultural region, where integration is closely linked with mutual help and support across the ethnic boundaries.

scholarly journals A Bifactor Model of Subjective Well-Being at Personal, Community, and Country Levels: A Case With Three Latin-American Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Torres-Vallejos ◽  
Joel Juarros-Basterretxea ◽  
Juan Carlos Oyanedel ◽  
Masatoshi Sato
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bifactor Model ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Latin American Countries

Improving citizens' subjective well-being (SWB) has become an increasingly visible policy goal across industrialized countries. Although an increasing number of studies have investigated SWB at the individual level, little is known about subjective evaluation at social levels, such as the community and national levels. While the relationships between these levels have been analyzed in previous research, these assessments, which are part of the same unique construct of SWB, are under-investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensionality and reliability of a single measure of SWB, which contained individual, community, and national levels across three Latin-American countries (Argentina, Chile, and Venezuela), using a bifactor model analysis. Findings showed that the bifactor model exhibited a good fit to the data for the three countries. However, invariance testing between countries was not fully supported because of each item's specific contribution to both specific and general constructs. The analyses of each country showed that the SWB construct was in a gray area between unidimensionality and multidimensionality; some factors contributed more to the general factor and others to the specific level, depending on the country. These findings call for integrating more distant levels (community and country levels) into the understanding of SWB at the individual level, as they contribute not only to an overall construct, but they make unique contributions to SWB, which must be considered in public policy making.

CONTRIBUTION OF EDUCATION TO SOCIAL CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Vojislav Ilić ◽  
Igor Novaković ◽  
Slobodan Cvetanović
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human And Social Capital

During the last decade of the last century, the concept of capital in scientific literature has been significantly expanded. Namely, for decades, the belief that the category of capital includes only visible resources has been modified in terms of extending its comprehensiveness to intangible resources, such as human and social capital. Human capital encompasses knowledge, skills, competencies and characteristics embodied in the individual, which enable the creation of personal, social and economic well-being, while social capital represents the capital of cooperation, interaction, mutual trust and help. When it comes to education, the ability to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and competences is crucial for the economic and social progress of individual countries. Unlike physical capital that is completely tangible, human and social capital are intangible. Recent approaches, as components of human capital, in addition to education and the level of health status of the population, outline the characteristics of people and societies that have an impact on the effects of work, including factors of ability, motivation and culture, etc. Some experts extend the content of human capital to individual characteristics of people such as creativity, innovation, motivation, attitudes (about life, business, etc.), diligence, responsibility, perseverance, self-initiative, communication success, problem solving, critical thinking, self-study, flexibility and adaptability. The paper considers the contribution of education as one of the basic and absolutely indisputable component of human capital to the development of social capital. It has come to the conclusion that countries with high education of the population tend to become richer and to invest more and more resources in the development of their own processing system. Therefore, in current business conditions in the process of creating human capital, the importance of activities focused on lifelong education and professional development is especially important. Both types of capital are developing in close interdependence. The increase in human capital corresponds significantly to the development of social capital. On the contrary, social capital represents an essential premise of increasing the efficiency of human capital. Moreover, there is not a small number of authors who regard certain attributes of social capital as human capital components. Considering the contribution of education as a component of human capital to the development of social capital, it can be concluded that education does so because it helps young people to recognize their duties as members of society, promote civil and social engagement of people and influence human behavior. Citizens with higher education have a high degree of civic and social engagement. The educated people are much more involved in their communities and take practical steps to improve the welfare of communities in which they live contributing, among other things, to the development of social capital.

scholarly journals The role of perceptions about trade and inequality in the backlash against globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Dluhosch
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Subjective Element

AbstractMany countries in the Western hemisphere are experiencing a political backlash against globalization. When explaining this phenomenon, much of the extant research draws on the distributional effects of international competition, in particular the opposition to trade by those who are adversely affected. Using cross-sectional data on subjective well-being from the World Values Survey and the European Values Study and combing these self-reports with trade and incomes data, this paper contributes to this strand of research by focusing on the subjective element in the formation of anti-trade sentiments. It thus explores how the role of international trade in the income distribution is being perceived at the individual level. Simulations based on the data reveal that matters of income inequality are evaluated differently, depending on how deeply the respective economy is integrated into world markets: results suggest that the extent of trade globalization amplifies any negative effect of income inequality on subjective well-being. If the role of international openness in the income distribution is perceived to be more pronounced than it actually is, the subjective element has wider politico-economic implications; it carries the risk of costly anti-trade policies without necessarily narrowing the income distribution.

scholarly journals Subjective Well-being Individu dalam Rumah Tangga Di Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ista Aryogi
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Capita Expenditure ◽  
Indonesia Family Life Survey ◽  
The Individual

Well-being is multi-dimensional development goals because well-being can not be seen only from individual income, but also the entire condition such as health and education. Complexities in measuring well-being made economists try to measure the individual well-being with subjective well-being approach. One of subjective well-being’s variable is the happiness. This study aims to examine the factors determining the individual happiness in Indonesia. Those factors consist of per capita expenditure, personal assets, and individual characteristics, including yearly working hours, years of schooling, health status, marital status, age, and gender. This study uses logistic and probit regression. Object of this study is the individuals in household based on SUSENAS’s representation that was obtained from Indonesia Family Life Survey in 2007. This research found that income is stil being main determinant of individual happiness. Significant results also were found in the variables of schooling, health status, marital status, and u-shaped in age. From these results, increasing income through various sectors of the economy is needed to reach a higher level of well-being. Health and education should also receive support through infrastructure improvements. Thus, there will be more people that are able to improve their well-being. 

scholarly journals Subjective Wellbeing and Longevity: A Co-Twin Control Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Sadler ◽  
Christopher J. Miller ◽  
Kaare Christensen ◽  
Matt McGue
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Genes And Environment ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research

Mental health is increasingly defined not only by the absence of illness but by the presence of subjective well-being (SWB). Previous cohort studies have consistently shown that indicators of SWB predict favorable life outcomes, including better mental and somatic health, and longevity. The favorable effects associated with SWB have prompted new research aimed at raising happiness and wellbeing through individual interventions and public health initiatives. Standard observational studies of individual-level associations, however, are subject to potential confounding of exposure and outcome by shared genes and environment. The present study explored the association between SWB and increased longevity, using twin pair analyses to determine whether the association is consistent with causality or is due to genetic or environmental confounding. The study sample of 3,966 twins aged 70 or older, followed for a median time period of 9 years, was drawn from the population-based Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT). The association between SWB, operationalized as affect and life satisfaction, and all-cause mortality risk was examined using between-individual and within-pair survival analyses. As expected, at the individual level, SWB predicted increased longevity. Exposure effects were also present in unadjusted and adjusted within-pair analyses of 400 dizygotic (DZ) pairs and 274 monozygotic (MZ) pairs, indicating that SWB is associated with increased longevity independent of familial factors of genes and shared environment.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Buen Vivir in Ecuador: An Analysis of the Stakeholders’ Discourses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Lucile Marchand ◽  
Mathilde Hérault
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Buen Vivir ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Models Of Development ◽  
Major Transition ◽  
The Individual

Buen vivir is a central notion in Ecuador and was introduced in its Constitution in 2008. On the individual level, this notion describes a multidimensional form of well-being, integrating strong cultural and ecological aspects based on indigenous communities’ knowledge. On the national scale, buen vivir is the key notion of public policies and justifies an intervention of the state in all dimensions of sustainable development. The implementation of buen vivir in a developing country as Ecuador raises questions about multiple social and economic aspects. The aim of this paper is to identify all of these challenges that such a transition implies. To do so, this paper uses a qualitative and multidimensional approach based on 40 semi-directive interviews with stakeholders of the policy implementation of buen vivir. The interview grid was divided into four parts: (i) individual characteristics, (ii) definition and implementation of buen vivir, (iii) the extractivism in Ecuador and (iv) the challenges of the transition between two models of development. The preliminary results identify two major challenges. Firstly, the main challenge is the governance of this major transition and the issue of corruption in Ecuador. Secondly, these interviews show that education is the most central dimension to implement buen vivir correctly. Keywords: Buen vivir, discourse’s analysis, extractivism

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document