scholarly journals Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Helena Pinos ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Ana Merchán ◽  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Body Weight Control and Glucose Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Pang ◽  
Gijs H. Goossens ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

A poor diet is one of the leading causes for non-communicable diseases. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, there is a strong focus on dietary overconsumption and energy restriction. Many strategies focus on improving energy balance to achieve successful weight loss. One of the strategies to lower energy intake is refraining from sugars and replacing them with artificial sweeteners, which maintain the palatability without ingesting calories. Nevertheless, the safety and health benefits of artificial sweeteners consumption remain a topic of debate within the scientific community and society at large. Notably, artificial sweeteners are metabolized differently from each other due to their different properties. Therefore, the difference in metabolic fate of artificial sweeteners may underlie conflicting findings that have been reported related to their effects on body weight control, glucose homeostasis, and underlying biological mechanisms. Thus, extrapolation of the metabolic effects of a single artificial sweetener to all artificial sweeteners is not appropriate. Although many rodent studies have assessed the metabolic effects of artificial sweeteners, long-term studies in humans are scarce. The majority of clinical studies performed thus far report no significant effects or beneficial effects of artificial sweeteners on body weight and glycemic control, but it should be emphasized that the study duration of most studies was limited. Clearly, further well-controlled, long-term human studies investigating the effects of different artificial sweeteners and their impact on gut microbiota, body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are warranted.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE COMPOSITION BASE OF PRODUCTS FOR BODY WEIGHT CONTROL

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Halyna Sienohonova ◽  
Dmitry Antyushko ◽  
Victor Drell ◽  
Lyudmila Sienohonova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Weight Coefficients

The problems of overweight and obesity have been analyzed, and the main ways to solve them have been investigated, one of which is the consumption of specially designed bran bars for body weight control. Based on the recommendations of experts, it has determined that the main components characterized by a high fiber content are oat and wheat bran, flax seed meal, in particular, the proposals of specialists on their content in the target products planned for development have been analyzed. Based on these data, 9 model compositions of the mentioned components have been created, their organoleptic properties have been assessed using a specially created point scale, on the basis of which, using the weight coefficients, their complex quality indicators has been determined. The information obtained was used to develop and build a mathematical model of the composition of the compositional base of bars for body weight control

Recent insights into body weight control: From physiology to pathology

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 571-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Krysiak ◽  
Bogus?aw Okopie? ◽  
Dariusz Belowski ◽  
Andrzej Madej ◽  
Zbigniew Stanis?aw Herman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Control

scholarly journals Effectiveness of web-based feedback interventions for people with overweight and obesity: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Varela ◽  
Camila Oda-Montecinos ◽  
Ana Andrés ◽  
Carmina Saldaña
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Self Help

Abstract Background Web-based delivered interventions have become an innovative option to treat health problems, like obesity. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis was to analyze the effectiveness of web-based behavioral treatments for adults with overweight and obesity. Web-based interventions and comparison interventions (traditional weight control programs) were classified according to the following feedback characteristics: frequency, personalization, and provider (human versus machine). Method From the initial 1789 studies, 15 were included in this review. A network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the efficacy of web-based programs with traditional interventions, considering direct and indirect comparisons. The main outcome was the weight loss mean difference (kg) between baseline and post-treatment. Heterogeneity and consistency assumptions were validated to conduct the network meta-analysis. Results Network meta-analysis showed comparisons between different treatment options. The main results were that Intensive Contact Web-based programs were more effective than wait-list (Mean Difference − 1.86 kg; 95% Confidence Interval: − 3.61, − 0.12). Moreover, Intensive Contact Web-based programs were more effective than the other web-based options and self-help traditional interventions. However, the only significant comparison was Intensive Contact Web-based programs versus Guided Self-Help Web-based programs (Mean Difference − 4.31 kg; 95% Confidence Interval: − 5,22, − 3,41). Intensive Contact Web-based programs were the most effective treatment option according the obtained results, achieving the first place in the ranking provided by the network meta-analysis with 98.5% of probabilities. Conclusions Intensive Contact Web-based interventions have obtained the first position in the ranking, proving the relevance of frequent, personalized, and professional feedback and their association with a better prognosis for people with overweight and obesity. These results provide relevant information to design more effective treatments for people with overweight and obesity, in a new format especially appropriate for the current situation.

scholarly journals Adult NG2-Glia Are Required for Median Eminence-Mediated Leptin Sensing and Body Weight Control

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Djogo ◽  
Sarah C. Robins ◽  
Sarah Schneider ◽  
Darya Kryzskaya ◽  
Xiaohong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Median Eminence ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Body Weight Control
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