scholarly journals The Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Body Weight Control and Glucose Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D. Pang ◽  
Gijs H. Goossens ◽  
Ellen E. Blaak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

A poor diet is one of the leading causes for non-communicable diseases. Due to the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, there is a strong focus on dietary overconsumption and energy restriction. Many strategies focus on improving energy balance to achieve successful weight loss. One of the strategies to lower energy intake is refraining from sugars and replacing them with artificial sweeteners, which maintain the palatability without ingesting calories. Nevertheless, the safety and health benefits of artificial sweeteners consumption remain a topic of debate within the scientific community and society at large. Notably, artificial sweeteners are metabolized differently from each other due to their different properties. Therefore, the difference in metabolic fate of artificial sweeteners may underlie conflicting findings that have been reported related to their effects on body weight control, glucose homeostasis, and underlying biological mechanisms. Thus, extrapolation of the metabolic effects of a single artificial sweetener to all artificial sweeteners is not appropriate. Although many rodent studies have assessed the metabolic effects of artificial sweeteners, long-term studies in humans are scarce. The majority of clinical studies performed thus far report no significant effects or beneficial effects of artificial sweeteners on body weight and glycemic control, but it should be emphasized that the study duration of most studies was limited. Clearly, further well-controlled, long-term human studies investigating the effects of different artificial sweeteners and their impact on gut microbiota, body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis, as well as the underlying mechanisms, are warranted.

scholarly journals Relationship between Prenatal or Postnatal Exposure to Pesticides and Obesity: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 7170
Author(s):  
Helena Pinos ◽  
Beatriz Carrillo ◽  
Ana Merchán ◽  
Judit Biosca-Brull ◽  
Cristian Pérez-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, the worldwide prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults and children has dramatically increased. The conventional model regarding the onset of obesity is based on an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. However, other possible environmental factors involved, such as the exposure to chemicals like pesticides, cannot be discarded. These compounds could act as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) that may interfere with hormone activity related to several mechanisms involved in body weight control. The main objective of this study was to systematically review the data provided in the scientific literature for a possible association between prenatal and postnatal exposure to pesticides and obesity in offspring. A total of 25 human and 9 animal studies were analyzed. The prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal exposure to organophosphate, organochlorine, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and carbamate, as well as a combined pesticide exposure was reviewed. This systematic review reveals that the effects of pesticide exposure on body weight are mostly inconclusive, finding conflicting results in both humans and experimental animals. The outcomes reviewed are dependent on many factors, including dosage and route of administration, species, sex, and treatment duration. More research is needed to effectively evaluate the impact of the combined effects of different pesticides on human health.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE COMPOSITION BASE OF PRODUCTS FOR BODY WEIGHT CONTROL

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Halyna Sienohonova ◽  
Dmitry Antyushko ◽  
Victor Drell ◽  
Lyudmila Sienohonova
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Flax Seed ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Weight Coefficients

The problems of overweight and obesity have been analyzed, and the main ways to solve them have been investigated, one of which is the consumption of specially designed bran bars for body weight control. Based on the recommendations of experts, it has determined that the main components characterized by a high fiber content are oat and wheat bran, flax seed meal, in particular, the proposals of specialists on their content in the target products planned for development have been analyzed. Based on these data, 9 model compositions of the mentioned components have been created, their organoleptic properties have been assessed using a specially created point scale, on the basis of which, using the weight coefficients, their complex quality indicators has been determined. The information obtained was used to develop and build a mathematical model of the composition of the compositional base of bars for body weight control

scholarly journals A Short S-Equol Exposure Has a Long-Term Inhibitory Effect on Adipogenesis in Mouse 3T3-L1 Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9657
Author(s):  
Gilberto Mandujano-Lázaro ◽  
Carlos Galaviz-Hernández ◽  
César A. Reyes-López ◽  
Julio C. Almanza-Pérez ◽  
Abraham Giacoman-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Control ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Differentiation Protocol ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

In the search for new drugs against obesity, the chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide, several works have focused on the study of estrogen homologs because of the role of estrogen receptors (ERs) in adipocyte growth. The isoflavone equol, an ERβ agonist, has shown beneficial metabolic effects in in vivo and in vitro assays; however, additional studies are required to better characterize its potential for body weight control. Here, we showed that the treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with 10 μM of S-equol for the first three days of the adipocyte differentiation protocol was able to prevent cells becoming semi-rounded and having a lipid droplet formation until the seventh day of culture; moreover, lipid accumulation was reduced by about 50%. Congruently, S-equol induced a reduction in mRNA expression of the adipogenic markers C/EBPα and PPARγ, and adipokines secretion, mainly Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, and MCP-1, while the release of PAI-1 was augmented. Moreover, it also reduced the expression of ERα and attenuated the subexpression of ERβ associated with adipogenesis. Altogether, our data suggested that S-equol binding to ERβ affects the transcriptional program that regulates adipogenesis and alters adipocyte functions. Future efforts will focus on studying the impact of S-equol on ER signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Disruptions in feeding and body weight control in gastrin-releasing peptide receptor deficient mice

2002 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
EE Ladenheim ◽  
LL Hampton ◽  
AC Whitney ◽  
WO White ◽  
JF Battey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Gastrin Releasing Peptide ◽  
Glucose Intake ◽  
Feeding Effects ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
Deficient Mice

Bombesin (BN) interacts with two mammalian receptor subtypes termed gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP)-preferring (GRP-R) and neuromedin B (NMB)-preferring (NMB-R) that may mediate the satiety action of BN. We examined the feeding behavior of mice that were deficient in the GRP-R (GRP-R KO) to assess the overall contribution of this receptor subtype in the feeding actions of BN-related peptides. GRP-R KO mice failed to suppress glucose intake in response to systemically administered BN and GRP(18-27), whereas both peptides elicited a potent reduction of intake in wild-type (WT) mice. Neither GRP-R KO nor WT mice suppressed glucose intake following NMB administration. Unlike the impaired responses to BN-like peptides, the feeding inhibitory action of cholecystokinin was enhanced in GRP-R KO mice. Consistent with behavioral results, GRP-R KO mice also exhibited a reduction in c-Fos immunoreactivity in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) following peripheral administration of BN. An evaluation of meal patterns showed that GRP-R KO mice ate significantly more at each meal than WT mice, although total 24 h food consumption was equivalent. A long-term analysis of body weight revealed a significant elevation in GRP-R KO mice compared with WT littermates beginning at 45 weeks of age. These data suggest that the GRP-R mediates the feeding effects of BN-like peptides and participates in the termination of meals in mice.

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index with Oncologic Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Large Population-Based Study

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Chong-Chi Chiu ◽  
Chung-Han Ho ◽  
Chao-Ming Hung ◽  
Chien-Ming Chao ◽  
Chih-Cheng Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
P Value ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
The Impact

It has been acknowledged that excess body weight increases the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, there is little evidence on the impact of body mass index (BMI) on CRC patients’ long-term oncologic results in Asian populations. We studied the influence of BMI on overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and CRC-specific survival rates in CRC patients from the administrative claims datasets of Taiwan using the Kaplan–Meier survival curves and the log-rank test to estimate the statistical differences among BMI groups. Underweight patients (<18.50 kg/m2) presented higher mortality (56.40%) and recurrence (5.34%) rates. Besides this, they had worse OS (aHR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.53–1.70; p-value: < 0.0001) and CRC-specific survival (aHR:1.52; 95% CI: 1.43–1.62; p-value: < 0.0001) rates compared with those of normal weight patients (18.50–24.99 kg/m2). On the contrary, CRC patients belonging to the overweight (25.00–29.99 kg/m2), class I obesity (30.00–34.99 kg/m2), and class II obesity (≥35.00 kg/m2) categories had better OS, DFS, and CRC-specific survival rates in the analysis than the patients in the normal weight category. Overweight patients consistently had the lowest mortality rate after a CRC diagnosis. The associations with being underweight may reflect a reverse causation. CRC patients should maintain a long-term healthy body weight.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document