scholarly journals Premature Aging in Chronic Kidney Disease: The Outcome of Persistent Inflammation beyond the Bounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8044
Author(s):  
Andrea Figuer ◽  
Guillermo Bodega ◽  
Patricia Tato ◽  
Gemma Valera ◽  
Nadia Serroukh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Geriatric Syndrome ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Healthier Living

Over the last hundred years, life expectancy in developed countries has increased because of healthier living habits and the treatment of chronic pathologies causing premature aging. Aging is an inexorable, time-dependent, multifactorial process characterized by a series of progressive and irreversible physiological changes associated with loss of functional, psychological, and social capabilities. Numerous factors, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular senescence, and an irreversible geriatric syndrome known as frailty, contribute to human body deterioration in aging. The speed of aging may differ between individuals depending on the presence or absence of multiple factors (genetic and/or environment) and the subsequent misbalance of homeostasis, together with the increase of frailty, which also plays a key role in developing chronic diseases. In addition, pathological circumstances have been reported to precipitate or accelerate the aging process. This review investigated the mechanisms involved in the developing pathologies, particularly chronic kidney disease, associated with aging.

scholarly journals Inequalities in the Global Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease Due to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis of Trends from 1990 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4723
Author(s):  
Nóra Kovács ◽  
Attila Nagy ◽  
Viktor Dombrádi ◽  
Klára Bíró
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Developed Countries

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the burden of complications are increasing worldwide. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one serious complication. Our aim was to investigate the trends and inequalities of the burden of CKD due to T2DM between 1990 and 2019. Data were obtained from the Global Health Data Exchange database. Age-standardized incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates of CKD were used to estimate the disease burden across the Human Development Index (HDI). Joinpoint regression was performed to assess changes in trend, and the Gini coefficient was used to assess health inequality. A higher incidence was observed in more developed countries (p < 0.001), while higher mortality and DALYs rates were experienced in low and middle HDI countries in 2019 (p < 0.001). The trend of incidence has increased since 1990 (AAPC: 0.9–1.5%), while slight decrease was observed in low HDI countries in mortality (APC: −0.1%) and DALYs (APC: −0.2%). The Gini coefficients of CKD incidence decreased from 0.25 in 2006 to 0.23 in 2019. The socioeconomic development was associated with disease burden. Our findings indicate that awareness of complications should be improved in countries with high incidence, and cost-effective preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic tools are necessary to implement in less developed regions.

Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Hania Kassem ◽  
Bernard G. Jaar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health burden worldwide and several risk factors have been identified over the years; these have been well-described in the medical literature. Common risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension will be described in other chapters. While this chapter will focus mainly on CKD risk factors observed in developed countries, several of these are also observed in developing countries. It is now well-established that some risk factors are modifiable while others are non-modifiable. In this chapter, we will explore several of these non-modifiable risk factors in more detail, such as age, gender, race, family history, and low birth weight. But we will also discuss some of the modifiable risk factors such as kidney stones, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, drugs (excluding NSAIDs), diet, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia. We will provide a balanced and up to date review of the evidence linking these risk factors with CKD.

The role of inflammation in chronic kidney disease

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Jesús Carrero ◽  
Peter Stenvinkel
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protein Energy Wasting ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Persistent Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Low-grade persistent inflammation is a common feature of chronic kidney disease. This chapter provides an overview of the pathogenesis and clinical consequences of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the uraemic milieu with an emphasis on dialysis stages. It reviews the multifactorial dialysis- and non-dialysis-related causes of inflammation and its purported role in the development of protein energy wasting, vascular calcification, endocrine disorders, and depression. The chapter also discusses the use and the need of monitoring C-reactive protein levels regularly in the clinical setting and comments on possible therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammation in these patients.

scholarly journals The decreased SIRT1 level may account for the lipid profile in chronic kidney disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Chen ◽  
Xuemei Li
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Silent Information Regulator 1 ◽  
Sterol Regulatory Element

Abstract Dysregulated lipid profile with hypertriglyceridemia and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) whereas the reason is unclear. A similar phenomenon is found in the elder population. Silent information regulator-1 (SIRT1) associates with many modulators regulating lipid metabolism and results in increased expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), which functions as a key modulator in lipid synthesis. Since CKD is being viewed as a premature aging model and SIRT1 is known to decrease during the process of aging, we hypothesize that SIRT1 level is reduced in the liver when CKD develops and eventually result in dysregulated lipid profile.

scholarly journals Frailty, Disability and Physical Exercise in the Aging Process and in Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Greco ◽  
Giulia Paroni ◽  
Davide Seripa ◽  
Filomena Addante ◽  
Mariangela P. Dagostino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Aging Process

scholarly journals Premature Aging of the Microcirculation in Patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

Nephron Extra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oanh H.D. Thang ◽  
Erik H. Serné ◽  
Muriel P.C. Grooteman ◽  
Yvo M. Smulders ◽  
Piet M. ter Wee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Premature Aging ◽  
Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

scholarly journals Clinical-pathological and immunohistochemical evaluations of cardiac lesions in cats with chronic kidney disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009
Author(s):  
Gabriela C. Cid ◽  
Mariana P.B. Jardim ◽  
Amanda C. Jesus ◽  
Samay Z.R. Costa ◽  
Ilka N. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin C ◽  
The Other ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Cardiac Troponin C ◽  
Cardiac Evaluation ◽  
Cardiac Lesions

ABSTRACT: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by irreversible morphostructural lesions that can progressively evolve to chronic renal insufficiency and kidney failure. It is known that the heart and kidneys are closely related, and that communication between these organs occurs through a variety of pathways; subtle physiological changes in one of them are compensated by the other. Histopathological cardiac evaluation through routine staining presents a limitation to identify specific or discreet lesions in the cardiomyocytes. This study aimed to evaluate serum troponin levels in cats with CKD, associated with clinical and pathological findings, as well as to correlate the morphostructural cardiac lesions to determine their distribution through macroscopic and histological assessments and anti-cardiac troponin C (cTnC) immunohistochemistry (IHC). To this end, 20 cats (18 diagnosed with CKD and two controls) were selected. Anti-human cTnC IHC was conducted after necropsy and separation in eight regions of each collected heart. Heart fragments from two cats without CKD were used as controls. The anti-human cTnC antibody is useful in detecting cardiac lesions and has shown decreased expression in cardiomyocytes of cats with CKD. Serum troponin was above the reference values in 11/18 (61.11%) animals and decreased expression for the cTnC antibody was observed in individual cardiomyocytes in 9/18 (50%) animals. It was verified that the number of regions with decreased expression for the cTnC antibody in cardiomyocytes is significantly correlated with serum troponin. The anti-human cTnC antibody has been found effective in detecting cardiac lesions and has shown decreased expression in the cardiomyocytes of cats with CKD. Correlation was observed between increased serum cTnI and loss of immunoreactivity at anti-cTnC antibody IHC in cats with CKD, which proves damage to cardiomyocytes secondary to kidney disease.

scholarly journals Pediatric chronic kidney disease rates in Southern Israel are higher than reported

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Daniel Landau ◽  
Ruth Schreiber ◽  
Anya Kleinman ◽  
Alina Vodonos ◽  
Hannah Shalev
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Obstructive Uropathy ◽  
Pediatric Nephrology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Disease Rates ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Diagnosis Age

Background: The incidence and prevalence of pediatric chronic kidney disease (p-CKD) in developed countries has previously been estimated to be 12 and 75 cases/106 population respectively, much lower than reports in young adults (age 20-40) (40,000/106). Thus, the extent of p-CKD may be underestimated.Methods: Being the only Pediatric Nephrology center in Southern Israel, we reviewed all detected cases of p-CKD (stages 1-5) between 1994-2008. We then prospectively summarized the incidence and prevalence of CKD between 2009-2010. Results: We retrospectively identified 192 children (53.9% of Bedouin origin, 53.4% males, median diagnosis age: 1 year) with CKD. The prevalence in December 2008 was 795 cases/106 for all CKD stages and 331/106 for CKD stage >2. Calculated incidence for the study period (1994-2008) was 46/106/year. The main CKD etiologies were: hypodysplasia: 35%; obstructive uropathy: 13%; genetic renal diseases: 28% and glomerulonephritis: 15%. The proportions of children in each CKD stage were as follows: stage 1: 50%; stages 2-4: 30%; stage 5: 20%. During a subsequent two-year study period we identified 26 new CKD cases (incidence: 54 cases/106/year). Conclusions: p-CKD rates in our area are higher than reported and maybe even higher if asymptomatic populations are screened. Fifty percent of detected cases have CKD stage 1. This may contribute significantly to CKD beyond the pediatric age.

Diabetic nephropathy: modern principles of classification, diagnosis and features of antihyperglycemic therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Г. Борисов ◽  
С.В. Чернавский ◽  
М.А. Смирнова ◽  
А.А. Стремоухов
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Antihyperglycemic Therapy

Статья посвящена современным подходам к терапии сахарного диабета, осложненного поражением почек. Сахарный диабет является важнейшей проблемой современной медицины, что прежде всего обусловлено высокой распространенностью заболевания среди трудоспособного населения. Диабетическая нефропатия – одно из тяжелых хронических осложнений диабета, повышающее инвалидизацию и смертность пациентов. Диабетическая нефропатия является основной причиной развития терминальной почечной недостаточности в развитых странах и со временем затрагивает около 30% пациентов. Поражение почек у больных сахарным диабетом встречается в 6-7% случаев из общего числа нефропатий у пациентов, получающих лечение в специализированном нефрологическом отделении многопрофильного стационара. Первые проявления диабетической нефропатии развиваются через 3-4 года от дебюта заболевания и достигают своего пика через 15-20 лет. Понятие «хроническая болезнь почек» включает в себя поражение почек независимо от первичного диагноза, характеризующееся такими основными диагностическими критериями, как экскреция альбумина с мочой и значения скорости клубочковой фильтрации, которые являются маркерами повреждения почек. Методы предупреждения прогрессирования диабетической нефропатии включают в себя общие мероприятия по изменению образа жизни, контроль гликемии и артериального давления, коррекцию нарушений липидного обмена в сочетании с нефропротективной терапией. В настоящее время при выборе терапии у больных сахарным диабетом 2 типа в сочетании с хронической болезнью почек наряду с приемом метформина предпочтение отдается ингибиторам натрий-глюкозного котранспортера 2-го типа и агонистам рецепторов глюкагоноподобного пептида-1, обладающим нефропротективным эффектом. The article is devoted to modern approaches to the treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated by kidney damage. Diabetes mellitus is the most important problem of modern medicine, which is primarily due to the high prevalence of the disease among the working-age population. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the severe chronic complications of diabetes, which increases the disability and mortality of patients. Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of the development of end-stage renal failure in developed countries and eventually affects about 30% of patients. Kidney damage in patients with diabetes occurs in 6-7% of cases out of the total number of nephropathies in patients receiving treatment in a specialized nephrological department of a multidisciplinary hospital. The first manifestations of diabetic nephropathy develop 3-4 years after the onset of the disease, and reach their peak in 15-20 years. The concept of «chronic kidney disease» includes kidney damage regardless of the primary diagnosis and is characterized by such basic diagnostic criteria as urinary albumin excretion and glomerular filtration rate values, which are markers of kidney damage. Methods for preventing the progression of diabetic nephropathy include general measures to change the lifestyle, control of glycemia and blood pressure, correction of lipid metabolism disorders in combination with nephroprotective therapy. Currently, when choosing therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in combination with chronic kidney disease, along with taking metformin, preference is given to sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with a nephroprotective effect.

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