Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Hania Kassem ◽  
Bernard G. Jaar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant public health burden worldwide and several risk factors have been identified over the years; these have been well-described in the medical literature. Common risk factors such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension will be described in other chapters. While this chapter will focus mainly on CKD risk factors observed in developed countries, several of these are also observed in developing countries. It is now well-established that some risk factors are modifiable while others are non-modifiable. In this chapter, we will explore several of these non-modifiable risk factors in more detail, such as age, gender, race, family history, and low birth weight. But we will also discuss some of the modifiable risk factors such as kidney stones, obstructive sleep apnea, smoking, drugs (excluding NSAIDs), diet, obesity, metabolic syndrome, and hyperuricemia. We will provide a balanced and up to date review of the evidence linking these risk factors with CKD.

Plant-Based Milk Alternatives and Risk Factors for Kidney Stones and Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Borin ◽  
John Knight ◽  
Ross P. Holmes ◽  
Shivam Joshi ◽  
David S. Goldfarb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Stones

scholarly journals The The Circulating Visfatin Level Relation to the Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (B) ◽  
pp. 969-972
Author(s):  
Oleksii Korzh ◽  
Anna Titkova ◽  
Yana Fylenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Urine Albumin ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Visfatin Level ◽  
Study Participants

BACKGROUND: Adipokines have been associated with atherosclerotic heart disease, which has plenty of common risk factors with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but their association with CKD has not been well characterized. AIM: We investigated the association between the serum visfatin level and CKD. METHODS: The serum visfatin levels in 101 CKD patients and 101 controls were compared. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or presence of albuminuria (≥30 mg/24 h). RESULTS: After adjustment for established CKD risk factors, the median (interquartile range) of the serum visfatin was 3.65 ng/ml (2.31–4.59) in patients with CKD and 1.66 ng/ml (0.90–2.45) in controls without CKD (p < 0.0001 for group difference). Serum visfatin was significantly and inversely correlated with eGFR (r = –0.79, p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with urine albumin (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001) in the study participants. There was a strong dose-response and the significant relationship between serum visfatin level and CKD severity, assessed by GFR and albuminuria, regardless of established risk factors for CKD, including hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. CONCLUSION: Our results show that circulating visfatin is associated with the risk and severity of CKD. These results suggest that longitudinal studies and clinical trials should be conducted to investigate if adipocytokines play a role in the development and progression of CKD independent of body mass index or waist circumference. These important findings may advance our further understanding of CKD risk factors.

Progressive chronic kidney disease in primary care: Modifiable risk factors and predictive model

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Herget-Rosenthal ◽  
Dorothea Dehnen ◽  
Andreas Kribben ◽  
Thomas Quellmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors

scholarly journals Correlation between Renal Function and Common Risk Factors for Chronic Kidney Disease in a Healthy Middle-Aged Population: A Prospective Observational 2-Year Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e113263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiya Ohno ◽  
Fumiko Deguchi ◽  
Kumiko Izumi ◽  
Hirotoshi Ishigaki ◽  
Hiroshi Sarui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Common Risk Factors

scholarly journals Stroke risk factors in patients with end-stage kidney disease: current status of the problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
I T Murkamilov ◽  
K A Aitbaev ◽  
V V Fomin ◽  
Zh A Murkamilova ◽  
F A Yusupov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease and its complications are one of the leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in the world population, due to both the widespread prevalence of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease, and the increase in life expectancy. In the terminal stage of chronic kidney disease, mortality from cardiovascular events increases significantly. This review examines the most common risk factors for stroke in end-stage kidney disease. The role of arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic heart failure is discussed, taking into account common risk factors, hyperactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, the development of oxidative stress, volume overload with an increase in the size of the left atrium and a subsequent increase in the risk of thrombosis and stroke in patients with end-stage kidney disease on programmed hemodialysis. In addition, data are presented in the study of the contribution of bone mineral disorders to the occurrence of cerebral complications in this category of patients. Timely diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases and secondary prevention of stroke, including adequate antihypertensive, hypoglycemic therapy and correction of heart failure with blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as the elimination of bone mineral disorders are currently a very popular approach to improving the quality of life and increased survival in the discussed category of patients. Understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of stroke in patients with end-stage kidney disease on programmed hemodialysis, with the study of risk factors in the development of an acute cerebrovascular accident, will help to develop a strategy for their management.

scholarly journals The Triad of Sleep Apnea, Hypertension, and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Spectrum of Common Pathology

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Aziz ◽  
Kunal Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Common Risk Factors

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are different entities and are generally managed individually most of the time. However, CKD, OSA, and hypertension share many common risk factors and it is not uncommon to see this complex triad together. In fact, they share similar pathophysiology and have been interlinked with each other. The common pathophysiology includes chronic volume overload, hyperaldosteronism, increased sympathetic activity, endothelial dysfunction, and increased inflammatory markers. The combination of this triad has significant negative impact on the cardiovascular health, and increases the mortality and morbidity in this complicated group of patients. On one hand, progression of CKD can lead to the worsening of OSA and hypertension; similarly, worsening sleep apnea can make the hypertension difficult to treat and enhance the progression of CKD. This review article highlights the bidirectional interlink among these apparently different disease processes which share common pathophysiological mechanisms and emphasizes the importance of treating them collectively to improve outcomes.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Stroke in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Delia Timofte ◽  
Dorin Dragoș ◽  
Adina Măndiţă ◽  
Andra-Elena Balcangiu-Stroescu ◽  
Maria-Daniela Tănăsescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Replacement Treatment ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Main Culprit

AbstractStroke is a public health problem especially in developed countries, being an important cause of death and disability. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population varies from country to country. The percentage of afflicted patients is on the rise, mainly due to the high incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) complicated with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and of the kidney vascular diseases (hypertensive nephroangiosclerosis and ischemic nephropathy). In patients with CKD, strokes are relatively frequent, especially hemorrhagic ones, due to a host of risk factors, both modifiable and unmodifiable.Cardiovascular complications (which may be prevented by risk factors control) are the main culprit for the relatively high mortality rate of CKD patients, frequently leading to their death before the initiation of renal replacement treatment (dialysis, kidney transplant).

scholarly journals Risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew E Beaudin ◽  
Jill K Raneri ◽  
Sofia B Ahmed ◽  
A J Marcus Hirsch Allen ◽  
Andrhea Nocon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Ckd Progression ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Very High

Abstract Study Objectives Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern and a major risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may exacerbate this risk by contributing to the development of CKD. This study investigated the prevalence and patient awareness of the risk of CKD progression in individuals with OSA. Methods Adults referred to five Canadian academic sleep centers for suspected OSA completed a questionnaire, a home sleep apnea test or in-lab polysomnography and provided blood and urine samples for measurement of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the albumin:creatinine ratio (ACR), respectively. The risk of CKD progression was estimated from a heat map incorporating both eGFR and ACR. Results 1295 adults (42% female, 54±13y) were categorized based on the oxygen desaturation index (4% desaturation): &lt;15 (no/mild OSA, n=552), 15-30 (moderate OSA, n=322), and &gt;30 (severe OSA, n=421). After stratification, 13.6% of the no/mild OSA group, 28.9% of the moderate OSA group, and 30.9% of the severe OSA group had a moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression (p&lt;0.001), which was defined as an eGFR &lt; 60 mL/min/1.73m2, an ACR ≥3 mg/mmol, or both. Compared to those with no/mild OSA, the odds ratio for moderate-to-very high risk of CKD progression was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.79-3.85) for moderate OSA and 2.96 (2.04–4.30) for severe OSA after adjustment for CKD risk factors. Among patients at increased risk of CKD progression, 73% were unaware they had abnormal kidney function. Conclusion Patients with moderate and severe OSA have an increased risk of CKD progression independent of other CKD risk factors; most patients are unaware of this increased risk.

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