Differential Access to Park Space Based on Country of Origin within Miami’s Hispanic/Latino Population: A Novel Analysis of Park Equity

Some U.S.-based park equity studies reveal that affluent and White neighborhoods have privileged access to greenspace. In such studies in the U.S. and elsewhere, park access indicators are typically examined in relation to measures of income, housing tenure, and broad race/ethnicity categories (e.g., Hispanic/Latino, Black, and White in the U.S.). The treatment of people as monolithic ethnic groups in park equity research is potentially misleading, particularly in global cities where ethnic populations are highly heterogeneous. In this study, we assess inequities in access to park space within the diverse Hispanic/Latino population of the Miami Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) based on national origin. We specified multivariable generalized estimating equations to examine social correlates of area-weighted park access at the census tract level. Our first model includes a variable for the proportion of the tract population of Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, which we substitute in the second model with variables representing the proportions of the tract population from the most populous country-of-origin groups in the MSA applicable to the Hispanic/Latino population. Our first model indicates robust negative relationships for the proportion Hispanic/Latino and Black/African American variables with area-weighted park access, adjusting for median household income, renter-occupancy, and old and young population composition. Our second model indicates negative relationships based on Cuban and Venezuelan neighborhood composition, while the four other country-of-origin subgroup variables exhibit statistically non-significant associations with area-weighted park access. Study findings have implications for the analysis of ethnicity categories in park equity research and interventions to promote park equity, especially in global cities.

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Effects of Country of Origin Labeling in the U.S. Meat Industry with Imperfectly Competitive Processors

Agricultural and Resource Economics Review ◽

10.1017/s1068280500009655 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 406-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Chanjin Chung ◽

Tong Zhang ◽

Derrell S. Peel

Keyword(s):

Price Elasticity ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Import Price ◽

Consumer Welfare ◽

Domestic Demand ◽

Meat Industry ◽

Equilibrium Displacement Model ◽

Country Of Origin Labeling ◽

Imperfectly Competitive ◽

The U.S

The study examines the impacts of implementing mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL) on producer and consumer welfare in the U.S. meat industry. The equilibrium displacement model developed in this study includes twenty-nine equations representing retail-, processing-, and farm-level equilibrium conditions for the beef, pork, and chicken industries. Unlike previous studies, the model allows trade between domestic- and foreign-origin products and considers the imperfectly competitive market structure of meat processers. Empirical results show that without a significant increase in domestic meat demand, producers are not expected to benefit from the mandatory COOL implementation. Results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that consumers tend to bear more COOL costs than producers, as the own-price elasticity becomes more inelastic, and that producers’ benefits increase as the elasticity of domestic demand becomes more elastic with respect to the price of imported products. The existence of market power in upstream and downstream markets of processors negatively affects both consumer and producer surplus. One implication of our findings is that U.S. beef and pork producers’ promotion and advertising programs would be successful in expanding domestic demand when the programs make the own-price elasticity of domestic demand more inelastic and the cross-price elasticity of domestic demand more elastic with respect to import price.

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Breast cancer screening uptake among women from different ethnic groups in London: a population-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005586 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. e005586 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ruth H Jack ◽

Henrik Møller ◽

Tony Robson ◽

Elizabeth A Davies

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Breast Cancer Screening ◽

Population Based ◽

African Women ◽

Black African ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Black And White ◽

Black Caribbean

ObjectiveTo use newly available self-assigned ethnicity information to investigate variation in breast cancer screening uptake for women from the 16 specific ethnic groups within the broad Asian, Black and White groups that previous studies report.SettingNational cancer screening programme services within London.Participants655 516 female residents aged 50–69, invited for screening between March 2006 and December 2009. Ethnicity information was available for 475 478 (72.5%). White British women were the largest group (306 689, 46.8%), followed by Indian (34 687, 5.3%), White Other (30 053, 4.6%), Black Caribbean (25 607, 3.9%), White Irish (17 271, 2.6%), Black African (17 071, 2.6%) and Asian Other (10 579, 1.6%).Outcome measuresUptake for women in different ethnic groups aged 50–52 for a first call invitation to the programme, and for women aged 50–69 for a routine recall invitation after a previous mammography. Uptake is reported (1) for London overall, adjusted using logistic regression, for age at invitation, socioeconomic deprivation and geographical screening area, and (2) for individual areas, adjusted for age and deprivation.ResultsWhite British women attended their first call (67%) and routine recall (78%) invitations most often. Indian women were more likely to attend their first (61%) or routine recall (74%) than Bangladeshi women (43% and 61%, respectively), and Black Caribbean women were more likely than Black African women to attend first call (63% vs 49%, respectively) and routine recall (74% vs 64%, respectively). There was less variation between ethnic groups in some screening areas.ConclusionsBreast cancer screening uptake in London varies by specific ethnic group for first and subsequent invitations, with White British women being more likely to attend. The variation in the uptake for women from the same ethnic groups in different geographical areas suggests that collaboration about the successful engagement of services with different communities could improve uptake for all women.

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LET THERE BE LIGHT(16 mm or ¾-inch video, black and white, 58 minutes, 1946). Directed and produced by John Huston for the U.S. Army Signal Corps. Distributed by the National Archives Trust Fund Board, National Audiovisual Center, Washington, D.C. 20409. Purchase, $226.25 for 16 mm, $95 for ¾-inch video. Rental, $35 for 16 mm

Psychiatric Services ◽

10.1176/ps.32.12.875 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 875-876

Author(s):

Jack Neher

Keyword(s):

Trust Fund ◽

Black And White ◽

Video Rental ◽

National Archives ◽

Signal Corps ◽

John Huston ◽

The U.S

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National Culture and Ethical Judgment: A Social Contract Approach to the Contrast of Ethical Decision Making by Accounting Professionals and Students from the U.S. and Italy

Journal of International Accounting Research ◽

10.2308/jiar-51824 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 103-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mary B. Curtis ◽

Jeremy M. Vinson ◽

Teresa L. Conover ◽

Lorenzo Lucianetti ◽

Valentina Battista

Keyword(s):

National Culture ◽

Social Contract ◽

Country Of Origin ◽

Ethical Judgment ◽

Managerial Accounting ◽

Business World ◽

Ethical Judgments ◽

Accounting Professionals ◽

The Impact ◽

The U.S

ABSTRACT Globalization defines the business world today, yet globalization also leads to many types of misunderstandings regarding ethics, motives, and trust. We apply the theory of social contracts for the purpose of aiding the understanding of moral diversity arising from globalization. Specifically, we seek to better understand how country of origin, and role within country, lead to community “microsocial” norms that inform social contract ethical judgments. A total of 695 managerial accounting professionals and accounting students from Italy and the U.S. completed the survey. Employing a moderated mediation model, we find that country of origin is significantly related to intended behaviors in two business situations, and this relationship is mediated by social contract ethical judgment. Further, the impact of national culture on social contract ethical judgment is moderated by role (professional versus student). Multiple mediation analysis supports our contention that contractual evaluations precede moral equity assessments and that both contractual and moral equity ethical judgments affect ethical intentions.

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Resource shares and educational attainment: The U.S. Latino population in the twenty-first century

Diversity in Higher Education - Latinos in Higher Education ◽

10.1016/s1479-3644(03)80006-x ◽

2003 ◽

pp. 37-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rubén O. Martinez ◽

Adalberto Aguirre

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

First Century ◽

Latino Population ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

The U.S

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“Changing the narrative”: a study on professional identity formation among Black/African American physicians in the U.S.

Advances in Health Sciences Education ◽

10.1007/s10459-020-09978-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Tasha R. Wyatt ◽

Nicole Rockich-Winston ◽

DeJuan White ◽

Taryn R. Taylor

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Identity Formation ◽

Professional Identity Formation ◽

Black African ◽

The U.S

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Latinos, Race, and the U.S. Census

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ◽

10.1177/0002716218766463 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 677 (1) ◽

pp. 153-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Edward Telles

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Major Change ◽

The United States ◽

Census Bureau ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Latino Population ◽

Question Format ◽

Color Differences ◽

The One ◽

The U.S

We identify two dimensions of race for the Latino/Hispanic population in the United States—Latinos as one category among the various categories of the U.S. “ethno-racial pentagon” and racial or color differences among Latinos. In a major change from the previous (two-question) format, the Census Bureau recommends a one-question format for capturing ethno-racial distinctions in the 2020 census, which efficiently captures the Latino population on the first dimension and is consistent with racial classification and identification in the real world. At the same time, it nearly eliminates the problem that the two-question format fostered of classifying many Hispanics as “some other race” while maintaining a similar number of Americans classified as Hispanic or Latino. Whether the Census Bureau adopts the one- or two-question format is yet to be decided as of this writing. However, neither format is sufficient for capturing racial distinctions among the fast-growing Latino population, thus precluding effective monitoring of racial disparities in the United States.

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