scholarly journals The Stressor in Adolescence of Menstruation: Coping Strategies, Emotional Stress & Impacts on School Absences among Young Women in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8894
Author(s):  
Siobhan K. Yilmaz ◽  
Alok K. Bohara ◽  
Swati Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Index Building ◽  
And Coping

Throughout the developing world, girls face hardships surrounding menstruation, often resulting in poor emotional wellbeing and missing school. Providing ways to keep girls in school will increase their educational and earning potentials, which will ultimately trickle down to improving the economic standing of nations in the next generation. Informed by the Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, this work evaluates the roles that cultural and school environments play in appraisals of menstruation as a major life stressor for adolescent females and the impacts of emotional stress on missing school. Using primary survey data from schools in Nepal, robust results are found to support the theoretical framework based on conditional mixed-process (CMP) estimation with fixed effects, utilizing multiple index building techniques. Strong cultural norms during menstruation appear to increase the probability of girls self-reporting emotional stress, while the presence of hygiene supporting infrastructure at schools reduces this outcome. Furthermore, there is strong support for the finding that the presence of emotional stress during menstruation increases the likelihood of not only missing school but also for an extended period of time. Our findings motivate increasing government policies to provide stronger hygiene infrastructure in schools to improve successful coping skills and attendance rates.

Major Life Stressors, Depression, and Coping in Pregnant Women

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Marie Depierre ◽  
Danielle D. Jenkins ◽  
Pennie F. Wilson ◽  
Jennifer Ulmer ◽  
Nancy S. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Life Stressors ◽  
Major Life ◽  
And Coping

Cancer-related fatigue: an overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. S36-S43
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Maqbali
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Measurement Scales ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cancer Related Fatigue ◽  
Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Life Stressor

A diagnosis of cancer is a major life stressor that can affect the physiological, psychological and physical state of the person concerned. Fatigue is a particularly common and troubling symptom that has a negative impact on quality of life throughout all phases of treatment and stages of the illness. The aim of this review is to provide background information on cancer-related fatigue. This review discusses cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in terms of the definition, prevalence, risk factors, aetiology, and the measurement scales used. The differences between definitions of symptoms and relevant theories will be explored and discussed to help explain the variety of instruments used in its measurement. The prevalence of fatigue will be assessed by looking critically at the evidence of fatigue and the factors that affect it. Potential treatment and management strategies for CRF will also be discussed. Finally, there will be an overview of the instruments used to measure fatigue. This review also provides important evidence for measuring and managing CRF that can help nurses to understand fatigue among patients with cancer. Assessing CRF should be routinely undertaken in clinical settings to help identify the proper interventions, treatments and management to reduce fatigue among cancer patients.

scholarly journals Testing Invariance of Measures of Internalizing Symptoms Before and After a Major Life Stressor: The Impact of COVID-19 in an Adolescent and Young Adult Sample

Assessment ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 107319112110153
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Olino ◽  
Julia A. C. Case ◽  
Mariah T. Hawes ◽  
Aline Szenczy ◽  
Brady Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Measurement Properties ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement Invariance ◽  
Longitudinal Measurement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Consistent Support

There are reports of increases in levels of internalizing psychopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, these studies presume that measurement properties of these constructs remained unchanged from before the pandemic. In this study, we examined longitudinal measurement invariance of assessments of depression, anxiety, and intolerance of uncertainty (IU) in adolescents and young adults from ongoing longitudinal studies. We found consistent support for configural and metric invariance across all constructs, but scalar invariance was unsupported for depression and IU. Thus, it is necessary to interpret pandemic-associated mean-level changes in depression and IU cautiously. In contrast, mean-level comparisons of panic, generalized, and social anxiety symptoms were not compromised. These findings are limited to the specific measures examined and the developmental period of the sample. We acknowledge that there is tremendous distress accompanying disruptions due to the COVID-19 outbreak. However, for some instruments, comparisons of symptom levels before and during the pandemic may be limited.

scholarly journals Neural contributors to trauma resilience: a review of longitudinal neuroimaging studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa R. Roeckner ◽  
Katelyn I. Oliver ◽  
Lauren A. M. Lebois ◽  
Sanne J. H. van Rooij ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
The Face ◽  
Sensory Cortices ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
Threat Cues ◽  
And Function

AbstractResilience in the face of major life stressors is changeable over time and with experience. Accordingly, differing sets of neurobiological factors may contribute to an adaptive stress response before, during, and after the stressor. Longitudinal studies are therefore particularly effective in answering questions about the determinants of resilience. Here we provide an overview of the rapidly-growing body of longitudinal neuroimaging research on stress resilience. Despite lingering gaps and limitations, these studies are beginning to reveal individual differences in neural circuit structure and function that appear protective against the emergence of future psychopathology following a major life stressor. Here we outline a neural circuit model of resilience to trauma. Specifically, pre-trauma biomarkers of resilience show that an ability to modulate activity within threat and salience networks predicts fewer stress-related symptoms. In contrast, early post-trauma biomarkers of subsequent resilience or recovery show a more complex pattern, spanning a number of major circuits including attention and cognitive control networks as well as primary sensory cortices. This novel synthesis suggests stress resilience may be scaffolded by stable individual differences in the processing of threat cues, and further buttressed by post-trauma adaptations to the stressor that encompass multiple mechanisms and circuits. More attention and resources supporting this work will inform the targets and timing of mechanistic resilience-boosting interventions.

Emotional Stress and Coping Strategies in South African Clinical and Counselling Psychologists

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilse Jordaan ◽  
Judora J. Spangenberg ◽  
Mark B. Watson ◽  
Paul Fouchè
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
South African ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
And Coping

Financial misconduct in Indian banks: what matters and what doesn’t?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Saibal Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Private Banks ◽  
Bank Behavior ◽  
Financial Misconduct ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Public Banks ◽  
Fixed Effects Regression

Purpose While several facets of financial misconduct have been explored, one aspect which has largely bypassed the attention of researchers is the factors affecting such misconduct behavior in banks. To investigate this in detail, this paper aims to use disaggregated data on Indian banks for an extended period to understand the factors driving such behavior. Design/methodology/approach Given the longitudinal nature of the data, the author uses fixed effects regression methodology which enables us to control for unobserved characteristics that might affect the dependent variable. Findings The analysis indicates that both bank- and board-specific factors are important in driving financial misconduct, although their importance differs across ownership. In particular, while size and capital are relevant for public banks, liquidity is more of a concern for private banks as compared with their public counterparts. In addition, the relevance of bank boards is important only in case of private banks. These results hold after controlling for the structure of the banking industry and the macroeconomic environment. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the earliest studies for India to carefully examine the interface between financial misconduct and bank behavior in a systematic manner.

Understanding in transition: The influence of becoming parents on empathic accuracy

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 2366-2385
Author(s):  
Jerica X. Bornstein ◽  
Eshkol Rafaeli ◽  
Marci E.J. Gleason
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Empathic Accuracy ◽  
Relationship Functioning ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Daily Diary Study ◽  
First Child ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Life Stressor

Empathic accuracy (EA), the ability to understand a close other’s thoughts and feelings, is linked to relationship satisfaction. Yet, it is unclear whether stress interferes with relationship partners’ ability to be empathically accurate. The present study investigates whether a major life stressor, the transition to parenthood (TTP), interferes with EA between partners. In a daily diary study of 78 couples expecting their first child, couples reported on their own and their partners’ daily mood for 3 weeks during three separate time periods across the TTP: pregnancy, infancy, and toddlerhood. Both mothers and their partners demonstrated EA across the TTP. However, there was evidence that the transition interfered with EA: Partners’ ability to track mothers’ negative mood dropped significantly during infancy and remained low in toddlerhood, whereas mothers’ ability to track their partners’ positive mood dropped significantly in infancy and recovered in toddlerhood. This suggests that one way in which a major life stressor, in this case, the TTP, may interfere with relationship functioning is by decreasing couples’ understanding of each other’s mood states.

scholarly journals ‘Welcome to the World’: parents' experiences of an antenatal nurturing programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 353-361
Author(s):  
Franziska Wadephul ◽  
Catriona Jones ◽  
Julie Jomeen
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Safe Space ◽  
Couple Relationships ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parents Experiences

Background The transition to parenthood lays the foundations for the parent-infant relationship, but can also be a time of increased vulnerability. It can therefore be a suitable time for interventions to increase parents' emotional wellbeing and support couple relationships as well as the relationship with the baby. Aims This study aimed to explore the experiences of attendees at an antenatal nurturing programme and its effect on their experiences of the early postnatal period. Methods A total of 36 attendees took part in six focus groups across the UK. Findings Participants' experiences of the programme were very positive; it provided knowledge and skills and gave participants a safe space in which to explore feelings and concerns. The programme encouraged participants to nurture themselves, as well as their babies and their relationships. Some groups formed strong support networks, while others did not. Conclusion Participants felt they had benefitted from the programme, particularly in terms of their emotional wellbeing and couple relationships.

Clinical Experience with Samoans in Auckland, New Zealand

1977 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie Kalman Gluckman
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
And Coping

Samoans constitute the second largest ethnic Polynesian minority group in New Zealand. Generally, this is a socially and culturally deprived group from a European viewpoint. Causative factors of social and emotional stress and coping mechanisms are described. A number of culturally determined syndromes are encountered clinically. These are categorized. A practical, clinical approach to the Samoan patient is suggested.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Lockdown as a Major Life Stressor: Does It Affect TMD Symptoms?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8907
Author(s):  
Sabina Saccomanno ◽  
Mauro Bernabei ◽  
Fabio Scoppa ◽  
Alessio Pirino ◽  
Rodolfo Mastrapasqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Early Research ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Stressor ◽  
The Relationship

Temporomandibular disorders are multi-factorial conditions that are caused by both physical and psychological factors. It has been well established that stress triggers or worsens TMDs. This paper looks to present early research, still unfolding, on the relationship between COVID-19 as a major life stressor and TMDs. The main aims of this study were to: investigate the presence of symptoms related to TMDs and the time of onset and the worsening of painful symptoms in relation to the changes in social life imposed by the coronavirus pandemic; and to evaluate the perception of COVID-19 as a major stressful event in subjects who report worsening of painful TMD symptoms. One hundred and eighty-two subjects answered questionnaires—Axis II of the RDC/TMD, the PSS, and specific items about coronavirus as a stressful event—during the lockdown period for COVID-19 in Italy to evaluate the presence of reported symptoms of TMD and the level of depression, somatization, and stress perceived. The results showed that 40.7% of subjects complained about TMD symptoms in the past month. Regarding the time of onset, 60.8% of them reported that facial pain started in the last three months, while 51.4% of these subjects reported that their symptoms worsened in the last month and were related to the aggravation of pain due to the coronavirus lockdown as a major life event and to the stress experienced. The results of this study seem to support the hypothesis that stress during the pandemic lockdown influenced the onset of temporomandibular joint disorders and facial pain, albeit with individual responses.

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