scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 and PM10 Exposure and Respiratory Disease Hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9617
Author(s):  
Sajith Priyankara ◽  
Mahesh Senarathna ◽  
Rohan Jayaratne ◽  
Lidia Morawska ◽  
Sachith Abeysundara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽  
Pm10 Exposure

Evidence of associations between exposure to ambient air pollution and health outcomes are sparse in the South Asian region due to limited air pollution exposure and quality health data. This study investigated the potential impacts of ambient particulate matter (PM) on respiratory disease hospitalization in Kandy, Sri Lanka for the year 2019. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) was applied to estimate the short-term effect of ambient PM on respiratory disease hospitalization. As the second analysis, respiratory disease hospitalizations during two distinct air pollution periods were analyzed. Each 10 μg/m3 increase in same-day exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 was associated with an increased risk of respiratory disease hospitalization by 1.95% (0.25, 3.67) and 1.63% (0.16, 3.12), respectively. The effect of PM2.5 or PM10 on asthma hospitalizations were 4.67% (1.23, 8.23) and 4.04% (1.06, 7.11), respectively (p < 0.05). The 65+ years age group had a higher risk associated with PM2.5 and PM10 exposure and hospital admissions for all respiratory diseases on the same day (2.74% and 2.28%, respectively). Compared to the lower ambient air pollution period, higher increased hospital admissions were observed among those aged above 65 years, males, and COPD and pneumonia hospital admissions during the high ambient air pollution period. Active efforts are crucial to improve ambient air quality in this region to reduce the health effects.

scholarly journals The Impact of Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease in Shenyang, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingquan REN ◽  
Shuyin LI ◽  
Chunling XIAO ◽  
Jiazhi ZHANG ◽  
Hong LIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disease ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Lag Effects ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the overall impact of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, CO, and O3 on the admission of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Methods: We collected data on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease admissions from two hospitals in Shenyang Liaoning, China from Jan 2014 to Dec 2017, as well as daily measurements of six pollutants at 11 sites in Shenyang. The generalized additive model was used to assess the association between daily contaminants and admission to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Results: The single-contamination model showed a significant correlation between NO2, O3, PM10 and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases at lag0 day. Air pollutants had lag effects on different gender groups. Excess relative risks (ERs) associated with a 10 μg/m3 increase were 1.522(1.057, 1.988) on lag02 for NO2, 0.547% (0.367%, 0.728%), 0.133% (0.061%, 0.205%) on lag3 for O3 and PM10. The dual pollutant model showed that the effects of NO2, O3, and PM10 after adjusting the influence of other pollutants were still statistically significant. Conclusion: Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution (NO2, O3, and PM10) may be associated with an increased risk of daily cardiovascular and cerebrovascular admission, which may provide reliable evidence for further understanding of the potential adverse effects of air pollution on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Relationship between Air Pollutant Exposure and Gynecologic Cancer Risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5353
Author(s):  
Qiwei Yu ◽  
Liqiang Zhang ◽  
Kun Hou ◽  
Jingwen Li ◽  
Suhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Gynecologic Cancer ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk

Exposure to air pollution has been suggested to be associated with an increased risk of women’s health disorders. However, it remains unknown to what extent changes in ambient air pollution affect gynecological cancer. In our case–control study, the logistic regression model was combined with the restricted cubic spline to examine the association of short-term exposure to air pollution with gynecological cancer events using the clinical data of 35,989 women in Beijing from December 2008 to December 2017. We assessed the women’s exposure to air pollutants using the monitor located nearest to each woman’s residence and working places, adjusting for age, occupation, ambient temperature, and ambient humidity. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were examined to evaluate gynecologic cancer risk in six time windows (Phase 1–Phase 6) of women’s exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the highest ORs were found in Phase 4 (240 days). Then, the higher adjusted ORs were found associated with the increased concentrations of each pollutant (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) in Phase 4. For instance, the adjusted OR of gynecological cancer risk for a 1.0-mg m−3 increase in CO exposures was 1.010 (95% CI: 0.881–1.139) below 0.8 mg m−3, 1.032 (95% CI: 0.871–1.194) at 0.8–1.0 mg m−3, 1.059 (95% CI: 0.973–1.145) at 1.0–1.4 mg m−3, and 1.120 (95% CI: 0.993–1.246) above 1.4 mg m−3. The ORs calculated in different air pollution levels accessed us to identify the nonlinear association between women’s exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, CO, O3, and SO2) and the gynecological cancer risk. This study supports that the gynecologic risks associated with air pollution should be considered in improved public health preventive measures and policymaking to minimize the dangerous effects of air pollution.

scholarly journals Early Pregnancy Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution among Late-Onset Preeclamptic Cases Is Associated with Placental DNA Hypomethylation of Specific Genes and Slower Placental Maturation

Toxics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Karin Engström ◽  
Yumjirmaa Mandakh ◽  
Lana Garmire ◽  
Zahra Masoumi ◽  
Christina Isaxon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Dna Hypomethylation ◽  
Increased Risk

Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy has been associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia (PE). Some suggested mechanisms behind this association are changes in placental DNA methylation and gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify how early pregnancy exposure to ambient nitrogen oxides (NOx) among PE cases and normotensive controls influence DNA methylation (EPIC array) and gene expression (RNA-seq). The study included placentas from 111 women (29 PE cases/82 controls) in Scania, Sweden. First-trimester NOx exposure was assessed at the participants’ residence using a dispersion model and categorized via median split into high or low NOx. Placental gestational epigenetic age was derived from the DNA methylation data. We identified six differentially methylated positions (DMPs, q < 0.05) comparing controls with low NOx vs. cases with high NOx and 14 DMPs comparing cases and controls with high NOx. Placentas with female fetuses showed more DMPs (N = 309) than male-derived placentas (N = 1). Placentas from PE cases with high NOx demonstrated gestational age deceleration compared to controls with low NOx (p = 0.034). No differentially expressed genes (DEGs, q < 0.05) were found. In conclusion, early pregnancy exposure to NOx affected placental DNA methylation in PE, resulting in placental immaturity and showing sexual dimorphism.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Hospitalization for Respiratory Disease in Taiyuan, China: A Time-Series Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisha Luo ◽  
Yunquan Zhang ◽  
Junfeng Jiang ◽  
Hanghang Luan ◽  
Chuanhua Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Effects

In this study, we estimated the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on respiratory disease hospitalization in Taiyuan, China. Daily data of respiratory disease hospitalization, daily concentration of ambient air pollutants and meteorological factors from 1 October 2014 to 30 September 2017 in Taiyuan were included in our study. We conducted a time-series study design and applied a generalized additive model to evaluate the association between every 10-μg/m3 increment of air pollutants and percent increase of respiratory disease hospitalization. A total of 127,565 respiratory disease hospitalization cases were included in this study during the present period. In single-pollutant models, the effect values in multi-day lags were greater than those in single-day lags. PM2.5 at lag02 days, SO2 at lag03 days, PM10 and NO2 at lag05 days were observed to be strongly and significantly associated with respiratory disease hospitalization. No significant association was found between O3 and respiratory disease hospitalization. SO2 and NO2 were still significantly associated with hospitalization after adjusting for PM2.5 or PM10 into two-pollutant models. Females and younger population for respiratory disease were more vulnerable to air pollution than males and older groups. Therefore, some effective measures should be taken to strengthen the management of the ambient air pollutants, especially SO2 and NO2, and to enhance the protection of the high-risk population from air pollutants, thereby reducing the burden of respiratory disease caused by ambient air pollution.

Abstract P043: Does The Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Explain The Increased Risk of Death and Myocardial Infarction From Ambient Air Pollution Exposure?

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somjot S Brar ◽  
Denise Le ◽  
Sumit Khandhar ◽  
Dong Chang ◽  
Lindsay Short ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Left Main Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Road Distance

BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution from traffic increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and is associated with coronary artery calcification. Whether this increased risk is mediated by severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) remains unknown. METHODS: In this pilot study, the relationship between living near a major roadway and multivessel CAD confirmed by invasive coronary angiographic was explored. Subjects undergoing coronary angiography in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in 2009-10 were randomly selected. Investigators blinded to the exposure status reviewed coronary angiograms. Subjects were categorized as having: absence of or non-obstructive CAD, 1-vessel, 2-vessel, or 3-vessel CAD based upon the number of major epicardial vessels with > 70% stenoses. The distance from each subject's residence to the nearest major road was calculated in meters. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between severity of CAD and distance to major roadway. RESULTS: There were 642 subjects undergoing coronary angiography. The mean age (SD) was 64 years (12) and 36% were female. In multivariate analysis log-road distance was a predictor of multivessel CAD, odds ratio (OR) = 0.85 (95%CI, 0.75-0.98; p=0. 02) after adjusting for age, gender, hypertension, and diabetes, and smoking status. Other predictors of multivessel CAD included from the multivariate logist model were: male gender (OR, 3.00, 95% CI, 2.06-4.39; p<0.001), diabetes (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.75-3.54; p<0.001), and hypertension 2.58; 95%CI, 1.28-5.21; p=0.008). The most severe form of CAD, >50% stenosis of the left main artery, was observed in 6.6% of the cohort. In a multivariate model, age (P = 0.002) and diabetes (P = 0.002) were significant predictors of severe left main disease; there was a trend for log-road distance (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.67-1.02; P = 0.079) with left main disease. CONCLUSIONS: Multivessel CAD was strongly associated with traditional risk factors. After adjusting for these factors, living near a major roadway was also a predictor. This study demonstrates the feasibility of exploring the association between angiographic CAD and traffic pollution. Additional studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms underlying the increase in adverse cardiovascular events from air pollution.

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