scholarly journals Analysis of EEG Characteristics of Drivers and Driving Safety in Undersea Tunnel

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9810
Author(s):  
Yongzheng Yang ◽  
Zhigang Du ◽  
Fangtong Jiao ◽  
Fuquan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Power Change ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Real Vehicle

To study the influence of the driving environment of an undersea tunnel on driver EEG (electroencephalography) characteristics and driving safety, a real vehicle experiment was performed in the Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel. The experimental data of the drivers’ real vehicle experiment were collected using an illuminance meter, EEG instrument, video recorder and other experimental equipment. The undersea tunnel is divided into different areas, and the distribution law of driving environment characteristics, EEG characteristics and vehicle speed characteristics is analyzed. The correlations between the driving environment characteristics, EEG characteristics and vehicle speed characteristics model the variables that pass the correlation test. The driving safety evaluation model of an undersea tunnel is established, and the driving safety in different areas of the undersea tunnel is evaluated. The results show that there are obvious differences in illumination, EEG power change rate, vehicle speed and other variables in different areas of the undersea tunnel. The driving environment characteristics are highly correlated with the β wave power change rate. The driving safety of different areas of the undersea tunnel from high to low is: upslope area, downslope area, exit area and entrance area. The study will provide a theoretical basis for the safe operation of the undersea tunnel.

scholarly journals Evaluation and analysis on suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0256502
Author(s):  
Zhou Jiaxing ◽  
Liu Lin ◽  
Li Hang ◽  
Pei Dongmei
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
High Level

Human settlement environment is space places closely related to human production and life, and also surface spaces inseparable from human activities. As a coastal city in the east of China, Qingdao has a relatively high level of urbanization. However, it also along with many urban problems at the same time, among which the problem of human settlement environment has attracted more and more general attention from people. According to the characteristics of human settlement environment in Qingdao, the research constructs an index system with 10 index factors from natural factors and humanity factors, and proposes a comprehensive evaluation model. Evaluate and grade suitability of human settlement environment in Qingdao, explore the spatial aggregation and differentiation of the quality of human settlement environment, and reveal the internal connection of spatial evolution. The results indicate that the overall livability of Qingdao is relatively good, showing a multi-center and radial driving development. The distribution of livability is uneven, showing a decreasing spatial distribution law from the coast to the inland, and the quality of human settlement environment in Jiaozhou Bay and the coastal areas is relatively high. Qingdao is mainly based on natural livability, supplemented by humanity livability, compared with natural suitability, the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of humanity livability have experienced three stages: rising-contradictory rising-harmonious rising. The quality of human settlement environment has obvious spatial correlation and is positively correlated with the degree of agglomeration, and the agglomeration of blocks with a higher quality of human settlement environment is higher than that of blocks with a lower level. The rule of human settlement environment changing over time is that areas with high quality of human settlement environment begin to shift from the city center to the north and the south, transforming into multi-point development, and overall environmental suitability has been improved. According to the results of the comprehensive evaluation, combined with its local development status and policies, the research puts forward developmental suggestions for the construction of human settlement environment in Qingdao, and provides decision-making basis for relevant departments to solve the problem of deterioration of human settlement environment.

scholarly journals Research on Evaluation Model for Secondary Task Driving Safety Based on Driver Eye Movements

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 624561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisheng Jin ◽  
Huacai Xian ◽  
Yuying Jiang ◽  
Qingning Niu ◽  
Meijiao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Secondary Task ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Driving Conditions

This study was designed to gain insight into the influence of performing different types of secondary task while driving on driver eye movements and to build a safety evaluation model for secondary task driving. Eighteen young drivers were selected and completed the driving experiment on a driving simulator. Measures of fixations, saccades, and blinks were analyzed. Based on measures which had significant difference between the baseline and secondary tasks driving conditions, the evaluation index system was built. Method of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze evaluation indexes data in order to obtain the coefficient weights of indexes and build the safety evaluation model. Based on evaluation scores, the driving safety was grouped into five levels (very high, high, average, low, and very low) using K-means clustering algorithm. Results showed that secondary task driving severely distracts the driver and the evaluation model built in this study could estimate driving safety effectively under different driving conditions.

Study on the safety speed of vehicle turning with considering the driving safety evaluation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110642
Author(s):  
Qu Xian ◽  
Yu Feng ◽  
Zhang Jinlong ◽  
Xie Jun
Keyword(s):  
Critical Speed ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
State Evaluation ◽  
Weight Analysis

Safety speeds estimation, as an indispensable link in the development of the aided or automatic drive, receives wide attention recently. Due to uncertain disturbances of vehicle driving, it is a challenging task to estimate the safety speed credibly. This work proposes a modified estimation approach to predict the turning safety speed by combining the static drive safety evaluation with the dynamic vehicle speed calculation. First, the driving safety state is evaluated considering the coupling of driver-vehicle-road-environment, where a comprehensive evaluation is obtained by combing the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight analysis method. Then, a turning critical speed is calculated based on the vehicle driving dynamics considering both sideslip and rollover. The estimation of turning safety speed is achieved by modifying the critical speed with a safety correction factor obtained from the driving safety state evaluation. Finally, cases discussion on driving safety states evaluation, as well as the critical speed verification and safety speed analysis, are carried out. The results verify the validity of the driving safety state evaluation and critical speed calculation. The safety speeds have a reasonable safety margin according to the driving safety state evaluation. The maximum differences between the safety speeds and critical speeds are about 26.45% for buses and 26.39% for cars under low adhesion conditions, showing sufficient reliability for safety speed estimation.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Fog Warning Systems in a Connected Vehicle Environment Based on Sample Entropy

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Xuewei Li ◽  
Yuchen Jia ◽  
Yufei Chen ◽  
Guanyang Xing ◽  
Xiaohua Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Sample Entropy ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Speed Stability

Changes in driving behavior caused by reduced visibility in fog can lead to crashes. To improve driving safety in fog weather, a fog warning system based on connected vehicle (CV) technology is proposed. From the perspective of human factors, this study evaluates the driving safety based on drivers’ speed change under different fog levels (i.e., no fog, light fog, and heavy fog) and different technical levels (i.e., normal, with a dynamic message sign (DMS), and with a human-machine interface (HMI)). The driving behavior data were collected by a driving simulation experiment. The experimental road was divided into three zones: clear zone, transition zone, and fog zone. To quantify the change of vehicle speed comprehensively, the speed and acceleration were selected. Meanwhile, the vehicle speed safety entropy and acceleration safety entropy were proposed based on sample entropy theory. Furthermore, the changes of each index in different zones were analyzed. The results show that the use of fog warning system can improve speed stability and driving safety in fog zones and can make the driver decelerate in advance with a smaller deceleration before entering the fog zones. The higher the technical level is, the earlier the driver decelerates. Under the condition of light fog, the fog warning system with HMI has a better effect in terms of improving speed stability, while under the condition of heavy fog, there is little difference between the two technical levels. In general, this study proposed a novel safety evaluation index and a general evaluation method of the fog warning system.

scholarly journals A Novel Approach for Operating Speed Continuous Predication Based on Alignment Space Comprehensive Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yan ◽  
Gengping Li ◽  
Jinjun Tang ◽  
Zhongyin Guo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Operating Speed ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Comprehensive Index ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Lane Width

Operating speed is a critical indicator for road alignment consistency design and safety evaluation. Although extensive studies have been conducted on operating speed prediction, few models can finish practical continuous prediction at each point along alignment on multilane highways. This study proposes a novel method to estimate the operating speed for multilane highways in China from the aspect of the three-dimensional alignment combination. Operating speed data collected in field experiments on 304 different alignment combination sections are detected by means of Global Positioning System. First, the alignment comprehensive index (ACI) is designed and introduced to describe the function accounting for alignment continuity and driving safety. The variables used in ACI include horizontal curve radius, change rate of curvature, deflection angle of curve, grade, and lane width. Second, the influence range of front and rear alignment on speed is determined on the basis of drivers’ fixation range and dynamical properties of vehicles. Furthermore, a prediction model based on exponential relationships between road alignment and speeds is designed to predict the speed of passenger cars and trucks. Finally, three common criteria are utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the prediction models. The results indicate that the prediction models outperform the other two operating speed models for their higher prediction accuracy.

Simulation of Excavation Process for Deep Foundation Pit Base on Nonlinear Finite Element Theory

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
Hui Min Wang ◽  
Zhen Jian Ji ◽  
Liang Cao ◽  
Ji Yao ◽  
Shan Guang Qian
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Nonlinear Finite Element ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Deep Foundation ◽  
Foundation Pit ◽  
Simulation Research ◽  
Deep Foundation Pit ◽  
Excavation Process ◽  
Element Theory

Deep Pit is the main content of modern urban geotechnical engineering. In this paper, based on a deep foundation pit engineering as an example, based on the nonlinear finite element theory, conduct a numerical simulation research for foundation pit excavation process. Obtained the distribution law of pit deformation, stress distribution and the supporting structure of the internal forces, under the various processes. These provide a theoretical basis for safety evaluation of foundation pit engineering.

Town Traffic Safety Evaluation Model Based on PSR – SPA

ICCTP 2011 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiao Ma ◽  
Taowei Yan ◽  
Li Lin ◽  
Jingwen Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Model Based

Road Engineering Optimization Based on Driving Reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 841-844
Author(s):  
Zhao Cao ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Qing Yang
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Issue ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
Positive Correlation

With the increasingly outstanding of the traffic safety issue, the human factors in People-Vehicle-Road System are being emphasized gradually. Takes Jinhua suburb asphalt mountain road (two-lane, multiple steep slopes) for example, this study focuses on road engineering response analysis on driving reaction, design optimization of road engineering base on driving response. A driver over 3 driving years steered 5-seat car in 4 kilometers long experimental road, kept the vehicle speed (V) under 40km/h. Heartbeat rate of the driver was monitored by dynamic Holter through driving process. The analysis shows that there is a linear positive correlation between Heart beat growth rate (Ni) and V, a nearly positive correlation between lateral force coefficient (μ) and Ni, and nearly inversely proportional between plane curve radius (R) and slope (i). It should decrease R appropriately when road slope (i) much sharply in road alignment design. There is a polynomial relation between Ni, V and R. As R increases, both Ni and V reduce firstly, and then rise. When R ranges from 240 to 500 meter, stress gradually ease; while R exceeds 500 meter, driving reaction tension gradually rise. R<550 m, i <6% and slope length under 300 m in the experimental road. When instructional speed <40km/h, then Ni was 30.2% and μ was 0.25. Its benefit for driving safety to keep drivers in appropriate tension in such situation.

scholarly journals Social Force Model-Based Safety Evaluation of Intersections in Arterials Considering the Pedestrian Yield Rule

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12461
Author(s):  
Jiao Yao ◽  
Yuhang Li ◽  
Jiaping He
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Entropy Weight ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Entropy Weight Method ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

To enhance the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, a series of new regulations regarding pedestrian yield has been proposed and widely implemented across cities. In this study, we first made some improvements to the social force model, in which pedestrian crossing at the intersection, drivers’ psychology of giving way, vehicle yield to pedestrians, vehicle yield in different directions, the influence of pedestrians crossing boundaries, and signal lamp groups on pedestrian behavior were considered. Furthermore, pedestrian crossing and vehicle yield safety models were established, based on which the comprehensive safety evaluation model of intersections in arterials was established, in which two indices—(1) the safety degree of pedestrian crossings and (2) vehicle acceleration interference—were combined with the entropy weight method. Finally, four types of intersections in arterials were studied using a simulation: the intersections between different levels of arterials, and intersections with one-time and two-times pedestrian crossings. Moreover, safety evaluation and analysis of those intersections, considering the rule of pedestrian yield, were conducted combined with the trajectory data from the VISSIM simulation. The relevant results showed that for pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian safety of two-time crossing is significantly higher than that of one-time crossing, and compared with the arterial, the pedestrian crossing distance of the sub-arterial is shorter, and the pedestrian perception is safer. Moreover, due to the herd psychology effect, the increase in pedestrian flow volume improves the safety perception of pedestrians at the intersection.

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