scholarly journals Prevalence and Impact of the Relative Age Effect on Competition Performance in Swimming: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 10561
Author(s):  
Jorge Lorenzo-Calvo ◽  
Alfonso de la Rubia ◽  
Daniel Mon-López ◽  
Monica Hontoria-Galán ◽  
Moises Marquina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Design

This systematic review aimed to examine the prevalence of the relative age effect (RAE) in swimming and its impact on competition performance according to different types of interacting constraints. A systematic literature search, following the PRISMA guidelines for preparing systematic reviews, was performed through four electronic databases, and nine studies met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated using STROBE, and an average score of 16.2 points was obtained. In these studies, the prevalence of the RAE in swimming was observed in more than half (58.65%) of the participants analysed, and the effect of the RAE was more accentuated in young categories (decreased as age increased and was inverted in older ones) and in male swimmers (double that in female swimmers).The impact of the RAE on competitive performance appeared to be related to the strength demands of the event, as the performance in simultaneous strokes, in shorter events, and of swimmers in the postadolescence period seems to be more affected by the RAE. These results indicate that the RAE in competitive swimming relies on individual and environmental (the swimmer’s age group and gender) but also task (the competitive events) determinants or limitations. This should serve as a guide for a more effective design of selection and development procedures for young athletes.

Are the World Junior Championship Finalists for Middle- and Long-Distance Events Currently Competing at International Level?

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Pizzuto ◽  
Matteo Bonato ◽  
Gialunca Vernillo ◽  
Antonio La Torre ◽  
Maria Francesca Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
International Association ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

Purpose:To analyze how many finalists of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Junior Championships (WJCs) in the middle- and long-distance track events had dropped out from high-level competitions.Methods:Starting from 2002, the 8 male and the 8 female finalists in the middle- and long-distance events of 6 editions of the WJC were followed until 2015 to evaluate how many missed the IAAF rankings for 2 consecutive years starting from the year after WJC participation. For those still competing at elite level, their careers were monitored.Results:In 2015, 61% of the 2002, 54.8% of the 2004, 48.3% of the 2006, 37.5% of the 2008, 26.2% of the 2010, and 29% of the 2012 WJC finalists were not present in the IAAF rankings. Of the 368 athletes considered, 75 (20.4%) were able to achieve the IAAF top 10 in 2.4 ± 2.2 y. There is evidence of relationships between dropout and gender (P = .040), WJC edition (P = .000), and nationality (P = .010) and between the possibility to achieve the IAAF top 10 and dropout (P = .000), continent (P = .001), relative age effect (P = .000), and quartile of birth (P = .050).Conclusions:Even if 23 of the finalists won a medal at the Olympic Games or at the World Championships, it is still not clear if participation at the WJC is a prerequisite to success at a senior level.

scholarly journals Identifying talented track and field athletes: The impact of relative age effect on selection to the Spanish National Athletics Federation training camps

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 2172-2178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Brazo-Sayavera ◽  
María Asunción Martínez-Valencia ◽  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Georgios Andronikos ◽  
Russell J. J. Martindale
Keyword(s):  
Age Effect ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effects in Educational Development: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8966
Author(s):  
Alar Urruticoechea ◽  
Andrés Oliveri ◽  
Elena Vernazza ◽  
Marta Giménez-Dasí ◽  
Rosario Martínez-Arias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Class Groups ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Motor Tests ◽  
Development Of Students

There is a large number of variables, studied in the literature, that affect the integral development of students in the educational stage, but few research analyze the effects that relative age can have on development. The aim of this study is to review and summarize the results obtained, on this subject, in recent research. The methodology used has followed the PRISMA declaration. The final sample is composed by 21 articles, which use data from 24 countries and 32 assessments. The main conclusions indicate that relatively younger children in same class groups: (a) obtain significantly lower mean scores in cognitive and motor tests, (b) have a higher repetition rate, and (c) have a less capacity of socialization. Finally, it should be noted that considering the results obtained by the research on relative age effect on child development, some authors propose to adapt educational practices to minimize these effects.

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Roman Koloničný
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
The Impact

The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been long researched, discussed and published both in the academic and coaching community and the number of studies on it in various sports has significantly grown in recent years. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE among Czech male (n = 6552) and female (n = 4131) junior tennis players and to identify possible differences in birthdate effect between male and female players. The research was carried out in players registered in the years 2007–2016 in the U14 age category in Czech Tennis Association (CTA) database; the athletes were divided into three subgroups (‘Ranked’, ‘Top 100’, ‘Top 10’). Research data were analysed by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics: relative and absolute frequency, chi-square goodness of fit test () and chi-square test of independence () with the use of effect size (ES index w). A declining tendency of frequencies from Q1 to Q4 between male and female junior players was proven in all three subgroups.In the whole period of 2007–2016, a significant and strong RAE was demonstrated only in the ‘Top 10’ male subgroup (RAE was significant and ES was small or trivial in the other two subgroups). Among the female players, RAE was significant in all three subgroups (ES was small or trivial). Gender differences in RAE in favour of male players were significant in ‘Top 100’ and ‘Ranked’ (ES was small or trivial in all three subgroups). In the short and long term, RAE can have significant implications for the sport development of athletes; both coaches and the professional public can therefore be recommended to pay attention to this issue. The impact of RAE in sport, i.e. the uneven distribution of athletes’ birthdates, is more pronounced especially among junior athletes and often significantly affects their sports development and career.

Relative Age Effect and Gender Differences in Physical Education Attainment in Norwegian Schoolchildren

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Kristian Aune ◽  
Arve Vorland Pedersen ◽  
Rolf Petter Ingvaldsen ◽  
Terje Dalen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals The Impact of Relative Age Effect on Mathematics Achievement

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Ali Ünal
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Achievement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Mathematics Scores ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Service Training ◽  
Honors Classes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Timss 2015

The timing of children’s start to school is the interest of researchers, policy-makers and especially parents. Researches on this issue have recently pointed to the concept of relative age effect (RAE). The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of RAE on mathematics achievement in Turkey. In order to accomplish this purpose, the question was sought: Does RAE have an impact on TIMSS 2015 the fourth and eighth grades mathematics scores of Turkey? The research was conducted in survey model. In the present study, the data obtained from the TIMSS 2015 results of Turkey was used. Totally 6456 students were sampled for TIMSS 2015 the fourth grade in 242 schools. Also, totally 6079 students (2943 girls and 3136 boys) were sampled for TIMSS 2015 the eighth grade in 218 schools. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. In conclusion, it has been reached that RAE has an impact on TIMSS 2015 the fourth and eighth grades mathematics scores of Turkey and the youngest children born just before the cut-off date has the worst performance. The recommendations based on the results have been submitted as making the enrollment dates more flexible, especially for children in rural areas, not applying honors classes in schools, raising awareness about RAE in pre-service and in-service training programs for teachers, no pressure on children at home and at school for their lagging in competition.

scholarly journals Quality of Life of People with HIV/AIDS in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza MALEKI ◽  
Naser DERAKHSHANI ◽  
Saber AZAMI-AGHDASH ◽  
Mehran NADERI ◽  
Mahdi NIKOOMANESH
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Assessing the quality of life in HIV/AIDS patients is of great importance not only for evaluating the effect of the disease, but also to measure the impact of the interventions in order to improve their quality of life in clinical researches. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients in Iran. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the literature search using the related chain of keywords was conducted from 1 Jan 1987 to 30 Apr 2019 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Iranian Scientific Information Database (SID), and Magiran. Moreover, hand search of the key journals and the gray literature was performed. The meta-analysis was performed by CMA2 software. Results: Out of the 1576 retrieved records, eight studies met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the patients was 37.15 ± 9.46 years. The average score of quality of life before and after sensitivity analysis was (39.13 [28.36-49.901 95% CI P>0.000] vs. 49.05 [46.31-51.79 95% CI P>0.000]). Moreover, the average score of quality of life was respectively 38.86±3.83 vs. 40±6.37 among married compared with single patients, 56.33±4.67 vs. 43.64±1.94 for employment vs. unemployment status. While quality of life was measured in terms of education level, the score was 29.59±9.34 vs. 41.65±4.45 in the individuals with primary school versus academic education. Conclusion: The QOL score of the HIV/AIDS patients in Iran was significantly low. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of strengthening efforts to undertake necessary investigations in order to provide adequate health insurance, extensive and affordable welfare services, and more appropriate social and mental supports in order to improve the quality of life of the individuals with HIV/AIDS in Iran.

Two-year citations of JAPPL original articles: evidence of a relative age effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1434-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Gil Soares de Araújo ◽  
Bruno Ribeiro Ramalho de Oliveira ◽  
Letícia Vargas de Oliveira Brito ◽  
Thiago Torres da Matta ◽  
Bruno Ferreira Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Potential Confounding Variable ◽  
Applied Physiology ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact

Several indicators have been used to analyze scientific journals, with the impact factor and the number of citations in a 2-yr calendar time frame (2-YRC) being the most common factors. However, considering that the Journal of Applied Physiology (JAPPL) appears monthly and that calculations of these indicators are based on citations of papers published in previous years, we hypothesized that articles published at the beginning of the year would be cited more in the 2-YRC compared with those appearing in the last issues of the year, a phenomena known as a relative age effect. Our objective was to confirm the existence of a relative age effect in the 2-YRC for original articles published in JAPPL. From 2005 to 2008, a total of 1,726 original articles were published, according to the Web of Science, and 9,973 citations in 2-YRC, varying from 0 to 45, with a mean of 5.78 for individual papers. Although there were no differences in the number of original articles published in a given month ( P = 0.99), the 2-YRC varied considerably throughout the year, being higher for those earlier issues of the year, as shown by the linear regression analysis ( r2 = 0.76; P < 0.001). The 2-YRC began at 6.62 during the first 3 mo of the year, dropping by 10% at each 3-mo period. In summary, the longer an article has been out there, the more citations it collects. The relative age effect is a potential confounding variable for the assessment and interpretation of 2-YRC (using calendar years) from JAPPL original articles.

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