Obesity Measures as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases among the Jordanian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

Obesity is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to use obesity measures, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) to predict the CVD and T2D risk and to determine the best predictor of these diseases among Jordanian adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the governmental and military hospitals across Jordan. The study participants were healthy or previously diagnosed with CVD or T2D. The continuous variables were compared using ANOVA, and the categorical variables were compared using the X2 test. The multivariate logistic regression was used to predict CVD and T2D risk through their association with BMI and WC. The final sample consisted of 6000 Jordanian adults with a mean age of 41.5 ± 14.7 years, 73.6% females. The BMI (OR = 1.7, CI: 1.30–2.30, p < 0.001) was associated with a higher risk of T2D compared to WC (OR = 1.3, CI: 1.04–1.52, p = 0.016). However, our results showed that BMI was not associated with CVD risk, while the WC was significantly and positively associated with CVD risk (OR = 1.9, CI: 1.47–2.47, p < 0.001). In conclusion, an elevated BMI predicts a higher risk of T2D, while WC is more efficient in predicting CVD risk. Our results can be used to construct a population-specific intervention to reduce the risk of CVD and T2D among adults in Jordan and other countries with similar backgrounds.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Risk of non-fatal cardiovascular diseases in early-onset versus late-onset type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726040074.793514750 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Aguilar-Salinas

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Early Onset ◽

Late Onset ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Onset Type

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Physical activity and cardiometabolic health in adolescents with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002134 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. e002134

Author(s):

Jana L Slaght ◽

Brandy Alexandra Wicklow ◽

Allison B Dart ◽

Elizabeth A C Sellers ◽

Melissa Gabbs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Z Score ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Vigorous Intensity

IntroductionYouth living with type 2 diabetes display increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is unclear if regular physical activity (PA) modifies this risk.Research design and methodsWe compared CVD risk factors in a cross-sectional study of 164 youth with type 2 diabetes stratified according to weekly vigorous-intensity PA. Outcomes were hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), ambulatory blood pressure (BP; ambulatory 24-hour readings), plasma lipoproteins, and albuminuria. The main exposure, vigorous-intensity PA, was quantified with the Adolescent Physical Activity Recall Questionnaire.ResultsYouth were 15±3 years, and 78% lived rurally and 68% were female, with a mean body mass index (BMI) Z-score of 2.4±1.1 and a mean HbA1c of 9.6% ±2.6%. Youth who participated in regular vigorous-intensity PA (40%; n=67) achieved nearly twice the dose of PA than peers who did not (62 vs 34 metabolic equivalent score-hour/week, p=0.001). After adjusting for duration of diabetes, BMI Z-score, sex, and smoking, youth who engaged in vigorous-intensity PA displayed lower HbA1c (9.1% vs 9.9%, p=0.052), diastolic BP (70 mm Hg vs 73 mm Hg, p=0.002), diastolic load (20% vs 26%, p=0.023), and mean arterial pressure (87.3 mm Hg vs 90.3 mm Hg, p<0.01), compared with youth who did not. Compared with youth who did not participate in regular vigorous-intensity PA, those who did also displayed lower odds of albuminuria after adjusting for duration of diabetes, sex, smoking, rural residence, and BMI Z-score (adjusted OR: 0.40, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.84).ConclusionsAmong youth with type 2 diabetes, participation in vigorous-intensity PA is associated with lower CVD risk.

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A cross-sectional study of Jamaican adolescents’ risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002817 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. e002817 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sheila C Barrett ◽

Fatma G Huffman ◽

Paulette Johnson ◽

Adriana Campa ◽

Marcia Magnus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Socioeconomic status and risk factors for complications in young people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. e002485

Author(s):

Sasini Wijayaratna ◽

Arier Lee ◽

Hyun Young Park ◽

Emmanuel Jo ◽

Fiona Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Young People ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetes Type ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

IntroductionYoung people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) develop complications earlier than those with type 1 diabetes (T1D) of comparable duration, but it is unclear why. This apparent difference in phenotype could relate to relative inequality.Research design and methodsCross-sectional study of young people referred to secondary diabetes services in Auckland, Aotearoa-New Zealand (NZ): 731 with T1D and 1350 with T2D currently aged <40 years, and diagnosed between 15 and 30 years. Outcome measures were risk factors for complications (glycemic control, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR), cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk) in relation to a validated national index of deprivation (New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDep)).ResultsYoung people with T2D were an average 3 years older than those with T1D but had a similar duration of diabetes. 71% of those with T2D were of Māori or Pasifika descent, compared with 24% with T1D (p<0.001). T1D cases were distributed evenly across NZDep categories. 78% of T2D cases were living in the lowest four NZDep categories (p<0.001). In both diabetes types, body mass index (BMI) increased progressively across the NZDep spectrum (p<0.002), as did mean glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (p<0.001), the prevalence of macroalbuminuria (p≤0.01), and CVD risk (p<0.001). Adjusting for BMI, diabetes type, and duration and age, multiple logistic regression revealed deprivation was the strongest risk factor for poorly controlled diabetes (defined as HbA1c >64 mmol/mol, >8%); OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.22, p<0.0001. Ordinal logistic regression showed each decile increase in NZDep increased the odds of a higher ACR by 11% (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.16, p<0.001) following adjustment for BMI, blood pressure, diabetes type and duration, HbA1c, and smoking status. Multiple linear regression indicated a 4% increase in CVD risk for every decile increase in NZDep, regardless of diabetes type.ConclusionsThe apparent more aggressive phenotype of young-onset T2D is at least in part explicable by relative deprivation.

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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Associated Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study at a Follow-up Clinic in Asmara, Eritrea

10.21203/rs.3.rs-139642/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oliver Okoth Achila ◽

Millen Ghebretinsae ◽

Abraham Kidane ◽

Michael Simon ◽

Shewit Makonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is an escalating problem worldwide and is frequently associated with Metabolic Syndrome (MetSyn) which, in turn, is causally associated with heightened cardiometabolic risk. Therefore, investigating the magnitude of MetSyn in T2DM patients is critical for cardiovascular disease prevention or management of specific comorbidities. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 309 previously diagnosed T2DM patients. Data on specific clinical chemistry and anthropomorphic parameters was collected. MetSyn was defined according to the IDF harmonized criteria. Pearson Chi-Square test (ꭓ2)/or Fisher’s exact test in the CROSSTAB procedure was used to evaluate the relationship between specific variables. Logistic regression models were constructed to assess risk factors associated with MetSyn. Results: According to the data, 58.1% of the patients had MetSyn. The frequency of MetSyn in females was significantly higher compared to that of males (67.8 vs 49.7%). Among individuals with MetSyn, 54.4% had hypertension; 57.9% had abnormal waist circumference; 75.4% had elevated LDL-C (≥100 mg/dL), 72.8% had raised TG (>150 mg/dl) and 61.0% had reduced HDL-C (males: ≤40 mg/dL and females: ≤50 mg/dL in females). Separately, our study demonstrates that number of MetSyn components is associated with higher averages in multiple traditional (BMI, TG, TC, WHtR, WHR, WC, HC) and non-traditional (TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL/HDL) CVD risk indicators. In the fitted multivariable logistic regression model, the following factors were associated with the presence of MetSyn: age (aOR=1.02, 95%CI=1.00–1.05, p=0.040); LDL-C>100 mg/dL (aOR=3.56, 95%CI=1.52–8.54, p=0.003); Non-HDL-C (aOR=1.02, 95%CI=1.02–1.03, p=0.001); BMI (aOR=1.23, 95%CI = 1.13–1.32, p=0.001). Absence of insulin injection was associated with reduced presence of MetSyn (aOR=0.37,95% CI=0.19–0.70, p=0.002). Conclusion: A comparatively high prevalence of the MetSyn was found. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improvements in the management and prevention of multiple CVD risk indicators. This will require evidence-based optimization of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

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