scholarly journals Wanting More, Seeing Less: Hunger Reduces Calorie Evaluations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12270
Author(s):  
Aner Tal
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Hunger Level ◽  
Baked Goods

Calorie estimates play an important role in the regulation of food consumption. Lower calorie estimates contribute to increased consumption, and consequently increase the risk of obesity. The current work presents a novel contribution demonstrating the biasing effect of hunger on calorie evaluations. Study 1 (N = 70) was a field study, where participants visiting a cafeteria estimated calories in four baked goods, with measures taken of their hunger level and their having had lunch. Study 2 was a lab study, where half of the participants (N = 65) fasted for five hours prior to the study, and then estimated calories in three baked goods. Study 1 found lower calorie estimations by hungry participants (M = 255.52, SD = 112.55) relative to lower hunger participants (M = 311.94, SD = 135.85): F(1, 67) = 6.07, p = 0.02. In study 2, the average estimated calories was lower for fasting participants (M = 253.11, SD = 126.13) than for non-fasting participants (M = 301.75, SD = 145.26). The studies demonstrate that motivations generated by physical state (hunger) alter calorie evaluations. This finding is surprising given that motivation generally leads to estimating more of a desired quantity. The study also presents a novel domain of biases in calorie estimation. This reduction in calorie estimates due to hunger may occur if calories are assessed relative to needs, or serve to allow people to justify increased food consumption. Accounting for such biases, particularly in cases of low nutrition literacy, is important in order to reduce the overeating that may be generated by calorie estimation biases.

scholarly journals Efectos de dos métodos de entrenamiento de fuerza sobre el Índice de Bosco en jugadoras de balonmano de División de Honor (Effects of two strength training methods in Bosco Index on elite handball female player)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Ferrer Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Research Outcomes ◽  
Female Player ◽  
Post Test

El presente trabajo es un estudio de ámbito deportivo, donde se pretende conocer y mejorar la manifestación de fuerza menos desarrollada, modificando el Índice de Bosco, utilizando dos programas de entrenamiento de la fuerza por contraste acentuado en la serie. Para ello, se ha seleccionado una muestra de nueve jugadoras de división de honor con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 32 años siendo divididas en dos grupos. Un grupo formado por aquellas jugadoras que han obtenido en el pretest unos valores más bajos en el Índice de Bosco, que llevará a cabo un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza por contraste acentuado en la serie con cargas máximas y pliometría y el otro grupo por las que consiguieron unos valores más altos, que realizarán un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza por contraste acentuado en la serie con cargas medias y pliometría, a los cuales serán sometidas durante un periodo de diez semanas, ejecutando dos sesiones en cada una. Los resultados obtenidos de la investigación  muestran diferencias significativas en el pretest entre ambos grupos,  lográndose igualar los Índices de Bosco de ambos grupos en el test intermedio y postest.Abstract: The current work is a sports field study, where the purpose is to know and to improve the less develop strength display, altering the Bosco Index, using two strength training programs by series stressed contrast. For that, it has been choosing a sample of nine elite female players between 18 and 32 years old, being splat in two groups up. One group was set for those players whose got the lowest Bosco Index scores, and made a strength training program with maximum loads and plyometric. The other group was set with the players whose got the highest Bosco Index scores, and did the strength training program with medium loads and plyometric. Both groups were training during ten weeks, twice a week. The research outcomes show significant differences in both groups during pretest, achieving to make equal the Index Bosco during the intermediate test and post test.

Proximity of snacks to beverages increases food consumption in the workplace: A field study

Appetite ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest Baskin ◽  
Margarita Gorlin ◽  
Zoë Chance ◽  
Nathan Novemsky ◽  
Ravi Dhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Food Consumption

scholarly journals A Field Study of Relatively Long Chopsticks Reduce Food Consumption

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 393-396
Author(s):  
Hung Ming Lin, Hui Hsi Hung
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Bite Size ◽  
Lower Quantity ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Food Consumed

In this study, we examined the influence of chopstick length on diners’ food consumption in a Chinese box restaurant. Diners were randomly offered chopstick of two lengths (23 and 19 cm), and after they finished eating, their lunch boxes were weighed to measure the actual quantity of food consumed in a real dining environment. The results indicated that diners who used the long chopsticks consumed a lower quantity of food and had fewer mouthfuls than did those who used the short chopsticks, suggesting that long chopsticks can help control the quantityof food consumed without affecting diners’ satisfaction with the dining experience. Our findings and those of previous research prove that bite size is the main factor mediating the relationship between a utensil’s physical characteristics and people’s food consumption.

Impairment Tutorial: Rating Facial Disfigurement After an Injury

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Marc T. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Current Work ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Facial Disfigurement ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Work Related Injury ◽  
Compensation Claim ◽  
Impairment Ratings

Abstract This article discusses two important cases that involve the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides). First, in Vargas v Industrial Com’n of Arizona, a claimant had a pre-existing non–work-related injury to his right knee as well as a work-related injury, and the issue was apportionment of the pre-existing injury. The court held that, under Arizona's statute, the impairment from the pre-existing injury should be subtracted from the current work-related impairment. In the second case, Colorado courts addressed the issue of apportionment in a workers’ compensation claim in which the pre-existing injury was asymptomatic at the time of the work-related injury (Askey v Industrial Claim Appeals Office). In this case, the court held that the worker's benefits should not be reduced to account for an asymptomatic pre-existing condition that could not be rated accurately using the AMA Guides. The AMA Guides bases impairment ratings on anatomic or physiologic loss of function, and if an examinee presents with two or more sequential injuries and calculable impairments, the AMA Guides can be used to apportion between pre-existing and subsequent impairments. Courts often use the AMA Guides to decide statutorily determined benefits and are subject to interpretation by courts and administrative bodies whose interpretations may vary from state to state.

Influence of Maternal Education on Food Consumption and Energy and Nutrient Intake in a Group of Pre-School Children from Madrid

2003 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navia ◽  
Ortega ◽  
Requejo ◽  
Perea ◽  
López-Sobaler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
School Children ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Dietary Adequacy ◽  
Consumption Energy ◽  
Maternal Educational Level ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

A study was conducted on the influence of maternal education level on food consumption, energy and nutrient intake, and dietary adequacy in 110 pre-school children from Madrid, Spain. With increasing maternal education, children consumed more sugar (p < 0.05), fruit (p < 0.05), and fish (p < 0.05). Snacking was more frequent with decreasing maternal education (p < 0.05). Though statistical significance was not reached, the consumption of pre-cooked foods was greater among children of mothers educated to a higher level, a phenomenon probably related to the work situation of these women. With respect to dietary composition, no significant differences were found between groups for macronutrient, fiber and energy intakes, except for energy supplied by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was greater in the children of less educated women (p < 0.01). This is probably due to their greater consumption of sunflower seed oil. The diets of children belonging to well-educated mothers came closer to meeting the recommended intakes for folate, vitamin C, and iodine. It would seem that maternal educational level influences the food habits of children. Mothers with less education may require special advice in this area.

Investigating the Unified Motive Scales

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Martin Bettschart ◽  
Marcel Herrmann ◽  
Benjamin M. Wolf ◽  
Veronika Brandstätter
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Longitudinal Field ◽  
Explicit Motives ◽  
Achievement Motive

Abstract. Explicit motives are well-studied in the field of personality and motivation psychology. However, the statistical overlap of different explicit motive measures is only moderate. As a consequence, the Unified Motive Scales (UMS; Schönbrodt & Gerstenberg, 2012 ) were developed to improve the measurement of explicit motives. The present longitudinal field study examined the predictive validity of the UMS achievement motive subscale. Applicants of a police department ( n = 168, Mage = 25.11, 53 females and 115 males) completed the UMS and their performance in the selection process was assessed. As expected, UMS achievement predicted success in the selection process. The findings provide first evidence for the predictive validity of UMS achievement in an applied setting.

Structuring Situational Information

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Situational Information

Abstract. There is as yet no consensually agreed-upon situational taxonomy. The current work addresses this issue and reviews extant taxonomic approaches by highlighting a “road map” of six research stations that lead to the observed diversity in taxonomies: (1) theoretical and conceptual guidelines, (2) the “type” of situational information studied, (3) the general taxonomic approach taken, (4) the generation of situation pools, (5) the assessment and rating of situational information, and (6) the statistical analyses of situation data. Current situational taxonomies are difficult to integrate because they follow different paths along these six stations. Some suggestions are given on how to spur integrated taxonomies toward a unified psychology of situations that speaks a common language.

Measuring the Situational Eight DIAMONDS Characteristics of Situations

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Rauthmann ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Current Work

Abstract. It has been suggested that people perceive psychological characteristics of situations on eight major dimensions ( Rauthmann et al., 2014 ): The “Situational Eight” DIAMONDS (Duty, Intellect, Adversity, Mating, pOsitivity, Negativity, Deception, Sociality). These dimensions have been captured with the 32-item RSQ-8. The current work optimizes the RSQ-8 to derive more economical yet informative and precise scales, captured in the newly developed S8*. Nomological associations of the original RSQ-8 and the S8* with situation cues (extracted from written situation descriptions) were compared. Application areas of the S8* are outlined.

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