scholarly journals The Effect of Functional Biomechanics Garment for Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12415
Author(s):  
Toshinori Miyashita ◽  
Sho Katayama ◽  
Ayane Yamamoto ◽  
Kodai Sakamoto ◽  
Masashi Kitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a functional biomechanics garment (FBG) with a lower extremity assist function. 32 healthy male participants were included in this study. Participants were divided into an FBG with taping function group (FBG group) and a compression garment group (CG group). Cadence (steps/min), step length (m), and usual walking speed (m/s) were measured as spatio-temporal data. Kinetics, kinematics data, and dynamic joint stiffness (DJS) of the lower extremity were calculated using a three-dimensional gait analysis system. The FBG group showed significantly faster walking speed (FBG, 1.54 ± 0.12 m/s; CG, 1.42 ± 0.15 m/s, p < 0.05) and reduced hip DJS in terminal stance (FBG, 0.033 ± 0.014 Nm/kg/degree; CG: 0.049 ± 0.016 Nm/kg/degree, p < 0.05) compared to the CG group. The FBG decreased hip DJS in the terminal stance and affected walking speed. The passive elastic moment generated by the high elasticity part of the hip joint front in the FBG supported the internal hip flexion moment. Therefore, our FBG has a biomechanical effect. The FBG may be useful as a tool to promote health activities.

Dynamic Flexion Stiffness of Foot Joints During Walking

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Sanchis-Sales ◽  
Joaquin L. Sancho-Bru ◽  
Alba Roda-Sales ◽  
Javier Pascual-Huerta
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Foot Joints ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Propulsion Phase

Background: Dynamic stiffness can be used for studying foot pathologic abnormalities and for developing prostheses and orthoses. Although previous works have studied the role of ankle joint stiffness during gait, other foot joints have not yet been analyzed. We sought to characterize the dynamic stiffness of the ankle, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints during normal walking. Methods: Kinematics and contact data from four healthy individuals during walking were registered with a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a pressure platform. Stance phases with flexion moment-angle linear relationships were identified, and dynamic stiffnesses were calculated from the slope of their linear regressions. Intraparticipant repeatability was analyzed using analyses of variance, and interparticipant variability was checked through the SD of averaged participant stiffnesses. Results: Flexion moment-angle linear relationships were identified (R2 &gt; 0.98) during the early and late midstance phases and the propulsion phase at the ankle (2.76, 5.23, and 3.42 N·m/kg/rad, respectively) and midtarsal (15.88, 3.90, and 4.64 N·m/kg/rad, respectively) joints. At the metatarsophalangeal joint, a linear relationship (R2 &gt; 0.96) occurred only during the propulsion phase (0.11 N·m/kg/rad). High dynamic stiffness variability was observed during the late and early midstance phases at the ankle and midtarsal joints, respectively. Conclusions: These results may serve as a basis for future studies aimed at investigating the role of dynamic stiffness identified herein in different foot disorders. The importance of properly controlling the samples in such studies is highlighted. Study of the dynamic stiffnesses identified might be used in the design of prostheses, orthoses, and other assistive devices.

The Effect of Walking Speed on Foot Kinematics is Modified When Increased Pronation is Induced

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana F. Hornestam ◽  
Thales R. Souza ◽  
Paula Arantes ◽  
Juliana Ocarino ◽  
Paula L. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Walking Speed ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Functional Strategy ◽  
Foot Motion ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
System Data ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Foot Alignment

Background: The relation between walking speed and foot kinematics during gait is not well established, and neither is it clear whether this relation is modified in the presence of factors expected to increase pronation (eg, abnormal foot alignment). Understanding how foot kinematics is affected by walking speed under varying conditions could contribute to our understanding of stresses to the musculoskeletal system during walking. We evaluated the effect of walking speed on foot kinematics in the frontal plane during gait and determined whether this effect is modified by using medially inclined insoles that force the foot into increased pronation. Methods: Twenty-six healthy young adults were assessed while walking on a treadmill wearing flat insoles and wearing medially inclined insoles. Foot kinematics in the frontal plane was measured with a three-dimensional motion analysis system. Data were analyzed during the stance phase of gait. Results: There was no main effect of speed on average calcaneal position. However, there was a significant insole type × walking speed interaction effect. In the flat insole condition, increased walking speed was associated with a less inverted average calcaneal position (or greater magnitudes of eversion), whereas in the inclined insole condition, higher speeds were associated with a less everted average calcaneal position (or increased magnitudes of inversion). Conclusions: The magnitude of foot eversion increases at faster gait speeds under typical conditions. In the presence of factors that induce excessive pronation, however, this effect is reversed. Results suggest that individuals use greater active control of foot motion at faster speeds in the presence of excessive pronation to improve push-off efficiency. Potential clinical consequences of this functional strategy are discussed.

scholarly journals The Biomechanical Effect of the Sensomotor Insole on a Pediatric Intoeing Gait

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiyoshi Mabuchi ◽  
Hiroshi Kitoh ◽  
Masato Inoue ◽  
Mitsuhiko Hayashi ◽  
Naoki Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gait Analysis ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Stance Phase ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Femoral Anteversion ◽  
Swing Phase ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Biomechanical Effect

Background. The sensomotor insole (SMI) has clinically been shown to be successful in treating an intoeing gait. We investigated the biomechanical effect of SMI on a pediatric intoeing gait by using three-dimensional gait analysis. Methods. Six patients with congenital clubfeet and four patients with idiopathic intoeing gait were included. There were five boys and five girls with the average age at testing of 5.6 years. The torsional profile of the lower limb was assessed clinically. Three-dimensional gait analysis was performed in the same shoes with and without SMI. Results. All clubfeet patients exhibited metatarsal adductus, while excessive femoral anteversion and/or internal tibial torsion was found in patients with idiopathic intoeing gait. SMI showed significant decreased internal rotation of the proximal femur in terminal swing phase and loading response phase. The internal rotation of the tibia was significantly smaller in mid stance phase and terminal stance phase by SMI. In addition, SMI significantly increased the walking speed and the step length. Conclusions. SMI improved abnormal gait patterns of pediatric intoeing gait by decreasing femoral internal rotation through the end of the swing phase and the beginning of the stance phase and by decreasing tibial internal rotation during the stance phase.

Gender and Foot Orthotic Device Effect on Frontal Plane Hip Motion During Landing From a Vertical Jump

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter L. Jenkins ◽  
D.S. Williams ◽  
Brandon Bevil ◽  
Sara Stanley ◽  
Michael Blemker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Hip Motion ◽  
Hip Kinematics ◽  
Biomechanical Effect ◽  
Foot Orthotic

Excessive hip motion has been linked to lower extremity pathology. Foot orthoses are commonly used to control motion within lower extremity joints when lower extremity pathology and dysfunction are present. Few studies have investigated the effect of foot orthoses on hip angular kinematics during functional activities. Eighteen females and 18 males performed a vertical jump with and without a prefabricated foot orthoses to determine the biomechanical effect of foot orthoses on hip kinematics when landing from a jump. Data collection included three-dimensional motion analysis of the lower extremity. Pairedttests were performed to determine if differences existed within genders with and without foot orthoses. At the hip joint, there was significantly less hip adduction motion in the foot orthoses condition as compared with the no foot orthoses condition in females (p< .05). There were no differences between foot orthoses conditions in males. Females appear to have a different proximal response to foot orthoses when landing from a forward jump than males.

Comparison of Foot Pronation and Lower Extremity Rotation in Persons With and Without Patellofemoral Pain

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Powers ◽  
Pon-Yo Chen ◽  
Stephen F. Reischl ◽  
Jaquelin Perry
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Camera Motion ◽  
Foot Pronation ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Camera Motion Analysis ◽  
Female Subjects

Abnormal foot pronation and subsequent rotation of the lower extremity has been hypothesized as being contributory to patellofemoral pain (PFP). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that subjects with PFP would exhibit larger degrees of foot pronation, tibia internal rotation, and femoral internal rotation compared to individuals without PFP. Twenty-four female subjects with a diagnosis of PFP and 17 female subjects without PFP participated. Three-dimensional kinematics of the foot, tibia, and femur segments were recorded during self-selected free-walking trials using a six-camera motion analysis system (VICON). No group differences were found with respect to the magnitude and timing of peak foot pronation and tibia rotation. However, the PFP group demonstrated significantly less femur internal rotation compared the comparison group. These results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with PFP demonstrate excessive foot pronation or tibial internal rotation compared to nonpainful individuals. The finding of decreased internal rotation in the PFP group suggests that this motion may be a compensatory strategy to reduce the quadriceps angle.

scholarly journals Influence of prophylactic ankle tapes on lower-extremity kinematics during a stop-jump task in chronic ankle instability

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Ankle Inversion ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Hip Flexion

Background and objective: Numerous tape applications have been used in patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI). However, the effect of prophylactic ankle taping on lower-extremity kinematics is still not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of traditional taping, fibular repositioning taping, and kinesiology taping on the peak angles of the lower extremities in patients with CAI. Materials and Methods: A total of 14 men (age, 24.07 ± 4.46 years; height, 175.06 ± 5.10 cm; weight, 82.24 ± 10.38 kg (mean ± standard deviation)) with CAI identified using screening questionnaires (Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool, 17.64 ± 4.14; Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) Activity of Daily Living, 86.69 ± 6.71; and FAAM Sports Subscale, 75.45 ± 6.70) participated. The peak angles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during a stop-jump task, with and without tape application, were collected using a three-dimensional motion system. Results: The following peak angles were measured: hip flexion, hip adduction (ADD), hip internal rotation (IR), knee flexion, knee abduction (ABD), knee IR, ankle dorsiflexion, ankle inversion, and ankle ADD. No significant differences were observed in the peak angle of each joint across conditions (hip flexion, F(3,39) = 0.85, p = 0.47; hip ADD, F(1.729,22.478) = 1.90, p = 0.18; hip IR, F(1.632,21.220) = 0.67, p = 0.49; knee flexion, F(3,39) = 1.24, p = 0.15; knee ABD, F(1.691,21.982) = 1.24, p = 0.30; knee IR, F(1.830,23.794) = 0.44, p = 0.63; ankle dorsiflexion, F(3,39) = 0.66, p = 0.58; ankle inversion, F(1.385,18.007) = 0.85, p = 0.40; ankle ADD, F(1.865,24.249) = 2.23, p = 0.13). Conclusion: The application of different taping techniques did not significantly change the peak joint angles of the lower extremities during a stop-jump task. These results contradict those of previous studies, suggesting that ankle taping restricts joint range of motion.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Corrective Exercises With and Without Suit Therapy on Gait Kinematic and Balance in Autism Children With Toe Walking

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-545
Author(s):  
Majid Khodadadi ◽  
◽  
Hooman Minoonejad ◽  
Yusef Moghadas Tabrizi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Step Width ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Toe Walking

Background and Aims: Autism is an evolutional syndrome that causes social and interactional disorders and changes movement patterns. Corrective exercises can positively affect gait and balance in autistic children. The suit therapy is jointed with hooks and elastic bands that balance pressure and support muscles and joints. This study compares the effect of corrective exercise with and without suit therapy on gait kinematic and balance in autistic children with toe walking. Methods: A group of 30 autistic boys with toe walking (Mean±SD: age= 5.7±1.7 years, height= 106.4±19.5 cm, and weight= 20.8±5.8 kg) were chosen voluntarily and purposefully in this study and then randomly assigned into two groups of with and without suit therapy. Both groups received 8 weeks of corrective exercises, including 5 sessions per week, each session for 2 hours. The cases gait kinematic (Tree dimensional movement analysis) and balance (Tinetti) were evaluated in the pre and posttest. Paired and independent t-test were used for statistical analyses using SPSS v. 16. Results: The result revealed a significant difference in the gait kinematic between the two groups. Treatment in the corrective exercises group with suit therapy was significantly more effective in stride length (P=0.001), step length (P=0.001), step width (P=0.021), walking speed (P=0.001), ankle dorsiflexion in stance (P=0.001), and swing (P=0.001) phase than that corrective exercises without suit therapy group. But between these two groups, no significant difference was observed in stride time (P=0.444), cadence (P=0.361), deviation foot (P=0.614), and hip flexion (P=0.135). The results of the study also showed no significant difference in balance (P=0.927) between groups. Conclusion: Corrective exercises with suit therapy are more effective than ones without suit therapy. Therefore, corrective exercises sessions with suit therapy are suggested for autistic boys with toe walking.

scholarly journals Features of the space-time characteristics of the gait of children and adolescents involved in sports

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
L. A. Udochkina ◽  
O. I. Vorontsova ◽  
L. A. Goncharova ◽  
I. G. Mazin
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
State University ◽  
Temporal Characteristics ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Characteristics

The study of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the gait of children and adolescents is an important task. The purpose of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal characteristics of the gait of children and adolescents of different age categories who systematically engage in sports.Methods. On motion capture complex Vicon in the Center for Collective Use "Three-dimensional study of the biomechanics of motion" of the Astrakhan State University, 43 children were examined: 22 children in the control group and 21 children in the study group.Results. Quantitative indicators of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the gait of children engaged in sports dancing were obtained and a comparative analysis of this data with the control group was carried out. An increase of walking speed and cadence, a decrease in the time of single and double support in male athletes in the 7-12 year old group was revealed; increased of walking speed and cadence, a marked decrease in the time of single support, a decrease in the limp index in female athletes in the 7-12 year old group; an increase the cadence in female athletes in the group of 12-15 years.Conclusions. Doing sport every day helps with the spatio-temporal changes of the walk among children and teenagers. The imbalance of the motor function is examined among girls, that doing sports between the age of 7-12, so that’s why it needs a special attention from doctors, traumatologist and orthopedists.

GASTROCNEMIUS TIGHTNESS AFFECTS HIP AND PELVIC MOVEMENT IN GAIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050031
Author(s):  
Shyi-Kuen Wu ◽  
Jia-Yuan You ◽  
Han-Yu Chen ◽  
Shu-Zon Lou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soft Tissue Injuries ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Pelvic Movement ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Hip Flexion ◽  
Gastrocnemius Tightness

The passive extensibility of skeletal muscles is an important health-related component of physical fitness. Tight gastrocnemius is a common orthopedic problem and frequently leads to overuse injuries of the lower extremity. Moreover, gastrocnemius tightness is commonly associated with lower back pain. Previous studies have reported that tight gastrocnemius results in kinematic and kinetic deviations of the ankle and knee during gait and a greater hip flexion at the moment of maximal ankle dorsiflexion. Accordingly, this study performs an experimental investigation into the effects of tight gastrocnemius on the hip and pelvic movements in gait. Sixteen subjects with tight gastrocnemius (defined as [Formula: see text] of ankle dorsiflexion with knee extended) and 16 healthy individuals matched by age and gender participated in the study. The three-dimensional angles of the hip and pelvis and moments of the hip were obtained for both groups during the stance phase of gait using force plates and a motion analysis system. Compared with the control group, the peak hip flexion angle is significantly higher in the tight group ([Formula: see text]), while the peak hip extension angle is significantly lower ([Formula: see text]). Moreover, the peak pelvic anterior tilt is significantly higher than that of the control group ([Formula: see text]), while the peak pelvic posterior tilt is significantly lower ([Formula: see text]). Finally, the peak extensor moment of the tight group is significantly higher than that of the control group ([Formula: see text]), while the peak flexor moment is significantly lower ([Formula: see text]). The results confirm that tight gastrocnemius leads to changes in the three-dimensional hip and pelvic angles and hip moments during gait. Disturbance of the hip and pelvic movement is thus a critical clinical consideration when evaluating soft tissue injuries in patients with tight gastrocnemius.

LOWER EXTREMITIES BIOMECHANICS OF REGULAR STAIR CLIMBING: SLIM VERSUS OBESE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550036
Author(s):  
Sami Almashaqbeh ◽  
Bahaa Al-Sheikh ◽  
Wan Abu Bakar Wan Abas ◽  
Noor Azuan Abu Osman
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Frontal Plane ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Knee Adduction Moment ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Gait Characteristics ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Analysis System

The kinematic and kinetic differences between obese and slim people when climbing a staircase at their self-selected speed are compared. A four-step wooden stair instrumented with two force plates were used as the action platform whilst the kinematic and kinetic recordings were collected and analyzed using a six-camera and two-force plate three-dimensional motion analysis system. Ten obese adults, six males and four females, and ten lean adults, six males and four females, volunteered for the study. The results showed that the obese people are able to reduce the knee joint flexion moment when climbing stair compared to the normal slim people. In the frontal plane, no significant differences were found in the knee adduction moment. Moreover, obese individuals have identified some kinematics adaptations including slower velocity and longer stance phase, compared to slim individuals. The obese individuals might adjust their gait characteristics in response to their heavy bodies to reduce or maintain the same load on the knee joint as slim individuals.

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