scholarly journals The Effect of Mechanical Tongue Cleaning on Oral Malodor and Tongue Coating

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Ha-Na Choi ◽  
Young-Sik Cho ◽  
Jung-Wan Koo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Gas Measurement ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Cleaning Methods ◽  
Breath Measurement

Background: Mechanical tongue cleaning is an important oral hygiene procedure; it is known that a significant cause of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), a major component of bad breath, is due to the bacteria coating the tongue. This study was conducted to identify the effect of mechanical tongue cleaning on reducing bad breath and tongue coating. Methods: Various mechanical tongue-cleaning methods were studied, including removing tongue coating using a toothbrush, removing tongue coating using a tongue scraper, and removing tongue coating using a toothbrush and a tongue scraper together. The results were as follows. Results: First, the organic bad breath measurement value after cleaning the tongue significantly decreased in the group using only the toothbrush, the group using only the tongue scraper, and the group using both the toothbrush and the tongue scraper. However, there was no difference between the groups. Second, after cleaning the tongue, the measured values of the tongue coating in the values of WTCI (Winkel’s tongue coating index) and Qray view were significantly reduced in all three groups, and there was no difference between the groups. Third, the gas measurement value in the oral cavity using a machine significantly decreased only the H2S value of the group using the tongue scraper immediately after the mechanical tongue cleaning. Conclusions: From these results, it can be confirmed that mechanical tongue cleaning is effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating. However, in this study, there was no difference in the reduction effect according to the tools (groups) used for mechanical tongue cleaning. It can therefore be seen that wiping accurately from the rear of the tongue to the front is more effective at reducing bad breath and tongue coating.

scholarly journals Effect of Tongue Cleaning Methods and Oral Mutans Streptococci Level

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashree Gondhalekar ◽  
KM Jose Richard ◽  
MG Jayachandra ◽  
Sachin Aslam ◽  
Vamsi Nilay Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
Coating Removal ◽  
Cleaning Methods

ABSTRACT Introduction Tongue scraping and brushing have been appreciated for hundreds of years but are still appreciated or used by the public. Scientific evidence has validated the need to practice habitual and tongue cleaning as part of daily home oral hygiene procedures. Objective To assess and compare the effect of tongue scraping and tongue brushing on oral Mutans streptococci level. Materials and methods A total of 20 healthy subjects aged 14 to 15 years were randomly selected. Flat plastic tongue scraper and Nylon multitufted small headed toothbrush are the two tongue cleaning devise used. Unstimulated salivary samples were obtained at 4 intervals from each individual. Salivary samples were inoculated on Mitis Salivary Agar Plate and Sorbital Broth was used for identification of Mutans streptococci group. Results Paired and unpaired ‘t’ test were employed. Reduiction in the Mutans streptococci level from 48.4 × 104 CFU and 38.3 × 104 CFU at baseline in tongue scraping and tongue brushing group respectively to 0.34 × 104 and 0.39 × 104 CFU after 7th day. Conclusion Both tongue coating removal methods evaluated were efficient in reducing mutans streptococci level. This implies that physical removal of the coating on the dorsum of the tongue is important and not the method used for the same. How to cite this article Gondhalekar R, Richard KMJ, Jayachandra MG, Aslam S, Reddy VN, Barabde AS. Effect of Tongue Cleaning Methods and Oral Mutans Streptococci Level. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):119-122.

scholarly journals Correlations between Perceived Oral Malodor Levels and Self-Reported Oral Complaints

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kameyama ◽  
Kurumi Ishii ◽  
Sachiyo Tomita ◽  
Chihiro Tatsuta ◽  
Toshiko Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Organoleptic Score ◽  
Test Result

Objectives. Even though objective data indicating the absence of oral malodor are presented to patients, they may be skeptical about the results, possibly due to the presence of some discomfort in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether there is an association among self-perceptions of oral malodor, oral complaints, and the actual oral malodor test result.Materials and Methods. Questions concerning self-perceptions of oral malodor and subjective intraoral symptoms were extracted from a questionnaire on oral malodor completed by 363 subjects who visited the clinic for oral malodor of Tokyo Dental College Chiba Hospital and gave consent to this study. In addition, the association of self-perception of oral malodor with values obtained after organoleptic and OralChroma measurement was analyzed.Results. No correlation between 195 subjects (54%) who were judged “with oral malodor” (organoleptic score of ≥1) and 294 subjects (81.6%) who had a self-perceptions of oral malodor was observed. Self-perception of oral malodor was significantly correlated with tongue coatingp=0.002and a strange intraoral tastep=0.016.Conclusions. Subjects with a self-perception of oral malodor were not necessarily consistent with those actually having an oral malodor. In addition, it was suggested that patients became aware of oral malodor when they felt oral complaints.

Oral Hygiene Practices, Smoking Habits, and Self-Perceived Oral Malodor Among Dental Students

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Almas ◽  
Abdullah Al-Hawish ◽  
Waheed Al-Khamis
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Self ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Tea Drinking

Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of oral hygiene practices and halitosis among undergraduate students from King Saud University, College of Dentistry. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among all 481 students; 263 male and 218 female students. A questionnaire was developed to assess the self-reported perception of oral breath, awareness of bad breath, timing of bad breath, treatment received for bad breath, oral hygiene practices, caries and bleeding gums, dryness of the mouth, smoking and tea drinking habits, and tongue coating. The response rate was 77%. Forty four percent of male and 32% of female students reported the self-perception of breath odor. Self-treatment was sought by 12% male and 22% female. Six percent of males and 4% of females experienced bad breath interference at their work. Seventy-eight percent of male and 62% of female students experienced bad breath after waking up. Brushing was prevalent among 81% of male and 99% of female students. Both miswak (chewing sticks) and tooth brushing were used by 53% male and 83% female students. Fifty seven percent of male students and 44% of female students reported caries. Bleeding gingiva was experienced by 26% of males and 14% of females. Dry mouth was common among 14% of males and 17% of females, while smoking was prevalent among 13% of males and 2% of females. Tea drinking was common among 44% of males and 37% of females, while tongue coating was equally common among both males and females (21% and 20%), respectively. The results indicate female students had better oral hygiene practices, significantly less self-reported oral bad breath, and smoked less compared to male students. There was no difference in tongue coating among male and female students. Further research is needed to examine oral malodor clinically and objectively by the standard procedures available. Students should be motivated to be a health symbol and keeping their mouths free from oral malodor. Citation Almas K, Al-Hawish A, Al-Khamis W. Oral Hygiene Practices, Smoking Habits, and Self-Perceived Oral Malodor Among Dental Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2003 November;(4)4:077-090.

scholarly journals Halitosis: a serious social problem

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sharma ◽  
TP Shankar ◽  
B Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Oral Malodour ◽  
Unpleasant Odor ◽  
Bad Breath

Halitosis means an unpleasant odor of the expired air, regardless of the source of this odor. The foul breath originating from the oral cavity itself is termed as oral malodor and it is usually the main contributor of unpleasant breath in an otherwise healthy individual. The most predominant causes of halitosis are gingivitis, periodontitis, and tongue coating. However, several non-oral pathologic conditions have also been related to halitosis, including infection of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the gastrointestinal tract, and some metabolic diseases involving the kidneys and the liver, which should never be overlooked. Though this complaint of bad breath has existed from time immemorial, it has only recently come to scientific platforms of analysis and is being increasingly recognized as a social stigma in an ever-growing sensitive society. Breath malodor has important socio-economic consequences. Literature reveals almost $1 billion a year is spent in the United States on deodorant-type mouth rinses and mints which provide only short-term masking effects, instead of spending the money on a proper diagnosis and etiologic care to manage bad breath. Sulfur containing volatiles are the main constituent of oral malodor and that their levels correlate with the intensity as determined organoleptically. The treatment of intraoral halitosis consists of scaling/root planing and daily removal of tongue coating, and for extraoral halitosis, treatment of underlying systemic disease by a specialist. Keywords: halitosis; bad breath; oral malodour DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i2.4983 Health Renaissance 2011: Vol.9 (No.2): 106-111

scholarly journals Oral Malodor Knowledge Among Myanmar Dental Students and Young Dentists

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Ei Ei Aung ◽  
Yoko Kawaguchi ◽  
Akiko Oshiro ◽  
Takashi Zaitsu
Keyword(s):  
Dental Students ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Volatile Sulphur Compounds ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
The University ◽  
Dental Schools

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of Myanmar dental students and young dentists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of oral malodor. Method: Data were collected from a sample of 120 dental students from the University of Dental Medicine and 21 young dentists in Yangon, Myanmar. They were instructed to answer the structural questionnaires regarding oral malodor knowledge, including the clinical perspective. The content of the questionnaire items ranged from the etiology of oral malodor to treatment regimen. Results: Only 8.5% in the dental students’ group and 14.3% in young dentists’ group correctly answered that tongue coating is the most frequent source of oral malodor when the patients had no severe dental and periodontal problems. Nearly half of the subjects reported that Volatile Sulphur Compounds (VSCs) are related to malodor, but only 18.4% correctly answered the question related to the vulnerable condition of VSCs production. And, around 60% of the subjects didn’t know the reliable diagnostic tools for malodor and more than half of the subjects didn’t know clearly about the oral malodor classifications. Regarding the oral malodor treatment, over 90% of the subjects responded tongue cleaning is essential to reduce oral malodor and 97.2% of the subjects answered that they will provide tooth brushing instructions to oral malodor patients. But, over 70% of the subjects incorrectly recommended saline mouthwash for malodor treatment. Overall, both the dental students and young dentists had less knowledge of oral malodor and most of them responded that they need further knowledge on oral malodor diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: This study showed that the knowledge of Myanmar dental students and young dentists on oral malodor was a scare. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that dental schools are necessary to give greater emphasis on etiology, diagnosis, and proper treatment for oral malodor.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF ORAL REFRESHER STRIP CONTAINING FIVE TYPES OF ESSENTIAL OILS ON ORAL MALODOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Fiestaellyzha Eka Hendraputri ◽  
Anton Rahardjo ◽  
Sry Angky Soekanto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Trial Design ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Organoleptic Score

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of an oral freshener strip containing five types of essential oils on oral malodor.Methods: This study was a clinical trial using cross-over, randomized-double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial design with 15 male participants. The measured parameters were tongue coating, organoleptic score, and volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) score.Results: After the essential oil strip dissolved in the oral cavity, there was no significant reduction in tongue coating, but there was significant reduction (p<0.05) in the organoleptic score until 60 minutes after dissolved and VSCs until 30 minutes after dissolved.Conclusion: Essential oil strips are more effective than placebo strips in reducing oral malodor.

Relationship between tongue coating and secretory-immunoglobulin A level in saliva obtained from patients complaining of oral malodor

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1017-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Hinode ◽  
Makoto Fukui ◽  
Nozomi Yokoyama ◽  
Masaaki Yokoyama ◽  
Masami Yoshioka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

Canine Oral Malodor

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Eubanks
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Oral Malodor ◽  
Serious Disease

Canine oral malodor may be the first indication that a serious disease process is occurring in the oral cavity. Various methods for detecting oral malodor have been used in humans, and some of these are suitable for collecting data in the dog. Oral malodor often responds favorably to improved oral hygiene, administered first by a trained professional and followed with adequate home care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Tongue Cleaning Using a Toothbrush: A Questionnaire Survey in Fukui Prefecture, Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shinpei Matsuda ◽  
Takehisa Saito ◽  
Hisato Yoshida ◽  
Hitoshi Yoshimura ◽  
Kazuo Sano
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
General Public ◽  
Private Hospital ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Tongue Coating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tongue Cleaning ◽  
The University

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the tongue cleaning habits using toothbrushes among outpatients of the University of Fukui Hospital and a private hospital in Fukui Prefecture. Methods. We administered a questionnaire survey to volunteers detailing tongue cleaning habits using toothbrushes. The content of the questions in this survey were as follows: gender, age, frequency of tongue cleaning, portion of tongue cleaning, and purposes of tongue cleaning. Results. We had 1,014 volunteers of various ages participating in this study. Regarding the frequency of tongue cleaning, 187 (18.4%) of all participants replied, “Every day”, and 346 (34.1%) replied, “Sometimes”. Regarding tongue cleaning of the 533 participants with active tongue cleaning habits, 242 (45.4%) participants replied, “The center of the dorsum of the tongue”, and 274 (51.4%) replied, “The entire tongue”. When analyzing the purpose of tongue cleaning, 346 (64.9%) participants replied, “To remove the tongue stain”, 192 (36.0%) participants replied, “To remove the tongue coating”, and 240 (45.0%) participants replied, “To manage halitosis”. Conclusions. This study clarified that a wide range of age groups in the nonhospitalized general public practiced tongue cleaning habits using a toothbrush for various purposes.

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