scholarly journals Automatic Construction of Indoor 3D Navigation Graph from Crowdsourcing Trajectories

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Xin Fu ◽  
Hengcai Zhang ◽  
Peixiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
3D Navigation ◽  
Graph Reconstruction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Floor Plans

Lacking indoor navigation graph has become a bottleneck in indoor applications and services. This paper presents a novel automated indoor navigation graph reconstruction approach from large-scale low-frequency indoor trajectories without any other data sources. The proposed approach includes three steps: trajectory simplification, 2D floor plan extraction and 3D navigation graph construction. First, we propose a ST-Join-Clustering algorithm to identify and simplify redundant stay points embedded in the indoor trajectories. Second, an indoor trajectory bitmap construction based on a self-adaptive Gaussian filter is developed, and we then propose a new improved thinning algorithm to extract 2D indoor floor plans. Finally, we present an improved CFSFDP algorithm with time constraints to identify the 3D topological connection points between two different floors. To illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach, we conducted a real-world case study using an indoor trajectory dataset of over 4000 indoor trajectories and 5 million location points. The case study results showed that the proposed approach improves the navigation network accuracy by 1.83% and the topological accuracy by 13.7% compared to the classical kernel density estimation approach.

scholarly journals Anatomical, morphological and phytochemical properties of Aegopodium alpestre Ledeb.: a case study of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1473-1482
Author(s):  
Elzira A. KYRBASSOVA ◽  
Akmaral A. SARTAYEVA ◽  
Elmira M. IMANOVA ◽  
Nurdana N. SALYBEKOVA ◽  
Gulraikhan E. ZHANTEYEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Inorganic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Active Substances

This article deals with the phytochemical, morphological and anatomical investigation of ethanol-based extracts derived from the leaves and stems of the Aegopodium alpestre. The vegetative organs of A. alpestre were conserved according to Strasburger-Fleµming method using a 1:1:1 mixture of alcohol-glycerin-water. A total of 1200 ethanol-based extracts (2 from leaves and 2 from stem tissues per plant) were prepared using the Soxhlet extractor. All extracts were used to identify organic and inorganic compounds in the leaves and stems of the studied plant. Contents of biologically active substances, microelements, vitamins and amino acids were determined. This article is the first paper to display very high concentration and diversity of vitamins (6 types), micronutrients (5 types), and aminoacids (13 types) in the leaves and steams of A. alpestre. Findings conclude that identification of biologically active substances in the above the ground vegetative organs of A. alpestre may be a common practice in the future. Considering the study results, A. alpestre may be used as a medicinal plant on a large scale. For this, the cultivation practice needs to be scaled up.

An areal openness model (AOM) for quantifying the “openness” of floor plans

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoraya Roldán Rockow ◽  
Brandon E. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Plan ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Floor Plans

PurposeThis paper aims to describe and demonstrate a quantitative areal openness model (AOM) for measuring the openness of floor plans. Creation of the model was motivated by the widely reported but rarely quantified link between openness and adaptability.Design/methodology/approachThe model calculates values for three indicators: openness score (OS), weighted OS (WOS) and openness potential (OP). OS measures the absence of obstructions (walls, chases, columns) that separate areas in a floor plan. WOS measures the number of obstructions while also accounting for the difficulty of removing them. OP measures the potential of a floor plan to become more open. Indicators were calculated for three demolished case study buildings and for three adapted buildings. The case study buildings were selected because openness – or lack thereof – contributed to the owners' decisions to demolish or adapt.FindingsOpenness indicators were consistent with the real-world outcomes (adaptation or demolition) of the case study buildings. This encouraging result suggests that the proposed model is a reasonable approach for comparing the openness of floor plans and evaluating them for possible adaptation or demolition.Originality/valueThe AOM is presented as a tool for facility managers to evaluate inventories of existing buildings, designers to compare alternative plan layouts and researchers to measure openness of case studies. It is intended to be sufficiently complex as to produce meaningful results, relatively simple to apply and readily modifiable to suit different situations. The model is the first to calculate floor plan openness within the context of adaptability.

Risk-Averse Optimization for Resilience Enhancement Under Uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Wu ◽  
Pingfeng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Measure ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Network Systems ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Deterministic Equivalent ◽  
Study Results

Abstract With the growth of complexity and extent, large scale interconnected network systems, e.g., transportation networks or infrastructure networks, become more vulnerable towards external disturbances. Hence, managing potential disruptive events during design, operating, and recovery phase of an engineered system therefore improving the system’s resilience is an important yet challenging task. In order to ensure system resilience after the occurrence of failure events, this study proposes a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) based restoration framework using heterogenous dispatchable agents. Scenario based stochastic optimization (SO) technique is adopted to deal with the inherent uncertainties imposed on the recovery process from the nature. Moreover, different from conventional SO using deterministic equivalent formulations, additional risk measure is implemented for this study because of the temporal sparsity of the decision making in applications such as the recovery from extreme events. The resulting restoration framework involves with a large-scale MILP problem and thus an adequate decompaction technique, i.e., modified Langragian Relaxation, is also proposed in order to achieve tractable time complexity. Case study results based on the IEEE 37-buses test feeder demonstrate the benefits of using the proposed framework for resilience improvement as well as the advantages of adopting SO formulations.

scholarly journals Automated and qualitative structural evaluation of floor plans for remodeling of apartment housing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seongah Kim ◽  
Hyeongmin Ryu ◽  
Jinyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Structural Performance ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Structural Index ◽  
Structural Evaluation ◽  
Torsional Resistance ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
Wall System

Abstract Many floor plans are proposed during the early stage of an apartment housing remodeling project as it involves a multitude of entities with different stakes. Consequently, the process to converge the opinions per the individual's preference on an agreed remodeling floor plan becomes repetitive and time consuming. For these reasons, structural evaluation of each proposed conceptual plan is often bypassed and postponed until a finalized floor plan is determined. An automated structural evaluation application for architectural floor plans of apartment housing with the load-bearing wall system is developed on this necessity. The application reads the conceptual drawings and returns various supportive information regarding structural performance, almost instantly. The outputs from the application include the amount of removed, remaining, and new bearing walls, 3D views of each wall component overlaid on the floor plans and their dimensions, area moment of inertia (AMOI) of the walls, torsional resistance of the floor plans, and other supportive indices. For easy and intuitive communication with the users, an abstract and simple quantitative value, structural index (SI), is suggested and included as one of the outputs in the application. In order to validate the developed automated application, a case study is conducted with an ongoing remodeling project, and the results, accuracy, and processing time are compared with the conventional hand calculation method. The application is accurate with errors of less than 1.3%, while the processing speed is nearly seven times faster. With the developed application, the designers could evaluate their conceptual drawings in almost real time. In addition, the stakeholders would communicate in a more straightforward language with the outputs of the application, such as the AMOI evaluation and SI results. Consequently, it is anticipated that the decision-making process during the early stage of a remodeling project would be expedited with the help of the developed automated application.

scholarly journals Automatic Extraction of Indoor Spatial Information from Floor Plan Image: A Patch-Based Deep Learning Methodology Application on Large-Scale Complex Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 828
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Seongyong Kim ◽  
Kiyun Yu
Keyword(s):  
3D Modeling ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Recognition Accuracy ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Automatic Extraction ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Plan Analysis

Automatic floor plan analysis has gained increased attention in recent research. However, numerous studies related to this area are mainly experiments conducted with a simplified floor plan dataset with low resolution and a small housing scale due to the suitability for a data-driven model. For practical use, it is necessary to focus more on large-scale complex buildings to utilize indoor structures, such as reconstructing multi-use buildings for indoor navigation. This study aimed to build a framework using CNN (Convolution Neural Networks) for analyzing a floor plan with various scales of complex buildings. By dividing a floor plan into a set of normalized patches, the framework enables the proposed CNN model to process varied scale or high-resolution inputs, which is a barrier for existing methods. The model detected building objects per patch and assembled them into one result by multiplying the corresponding translation matrix. Finally, the detected building objects were vectorized, considering their compatibility in 3D modeling. As a result, our framework exhibited similar performance in detection rate (87.77%) and recognition accuracy (85.53%) to that of existing studies, despite the complexity of the data used. Through our study, the practical aspects of automatic floor plan analysis can be expanded.

scholarly journals Quantifying Topological Flexibility of Active Distribution Networks Based on Community Detection

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4786
Author(s):  
Huizi Gu ◽  
Xiaodong Chu
Keyword(s):  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Affinity Propagation Algorithm ◽  
Spectral Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Active Distribution Networks

Active distribution networks (ADNs) provide a flexible platform to integrate various distributed generation sources, among which the intermittent renewable sources impose high operating uncertainty. Topological flexibility of ADNs should be exploited to counter the stochastic operating conditions by modifying the topologies of ADNs. Quantifying the topological flexibility is a vital step to utilize it, which is lacking in previous studies. A quantification method is proposed to measure the topological flexibility of ADNs in this paper. First, the community structures of ADNs are detected to achieve spatial partitions of the networks. Second, an improved spectral clustering algorithm is employed to significantly reduce the dimensionality of the partition space, in which the ADNs are further partitioned using the affinity propagation algorithm. Finally, a topological flexibility metric is defined based on the guiding role of sectionalizing and tie switches within and between communities. The proposed topological flexibility quantification method is a superb approach to the utilization of flexibility resources in distribution networks. Case study results of test ADNs demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed quantification method.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Large-Scale Biorefinery Deployment: A Framework Integrating Dynamic Biomass Market and Techno-Economic Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Zetterholm ◽  
Elina Bryngemark ◽  
Johan Ahlström ◽  
Patrik Söderholm ◽  
Simon Harvey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Market Effects ◽  
Product Demand ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
End Use

Biofuels and biochemicals play significant roles in the transition towards a fossil-free society. However, large-scale biorefineries are not yet cost-competitive with their fossil-fuel counterparts, and it is important to identify biorefinery concepts with high economic performance. For evaluating early-stage biorefinery concepts, one needs to consider not only the technical performance and process costs but also the economic performance of the full supply chain and the impacts on feedstock and product markets. This article presents and demonstrates a conceptual interdisciplinary framework that can constitute the basis for evaluations of the full supply-chain performance of biorefinery concepts. This framework considers the competition for biomass across sectors, assumes exogenous end-use product demand, and incorporates various geographical and technical constraints. The framework is demonstrated empirically through a case study of a sawmill-integrated biorefinery producing liquefied biomethane from forestry and forest industry residues. The case study results illustrate that acknowledging biomass market effects in the supply chain evaluation implies changes in both biomass prices and the allocation of biomass across sectors. The proposed framework should facilitate the identification of biorefinery concepts with a high economic performance which are robust to feedstock price changes caused by the increase in biomass demand.

scholarly journals Dynamic navigation indoor map using Wi-Fi fingerprinting mobile technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 739-746
Author(s):  
Srie Azrina Zulkiflie ◽  
Norhaslinda Kamaruddin ◽  
Abdul Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Floor Plan ◽  
Development Tool ◽  
Dynamic Navigation ◽  
Floor Plans ◽  
The Comparative Study

This paper presents the exploitation of Wi-Fi signals sensors using fingerprinting method to capture the location and provide the possible navigation paths. Such approach is practical because current smartphones nowadays are equipped with inertial sensors that can capture the Wi-Fi signals from the Wi-Fi’s access points inside the building. From the comparative study conducted, the AnyPlace development tool is used for the development of dynamic navigation indoor map. Its components, namely; Architect, Viewer, Navigator and Logger are used for different specific functions. As a case study, we implement the proposed approach to guide user for navigation in Sunway Pyramid Shopping Mall, Malaysia as floor plan as well as using Google Maps as the base map for prove of concept. From the developer point of view, it is observed that the proposed approach is viable to create a dynamic navigation indoor map provided that the floor plans must be generated first. Such plan should be integrated with the SDK tool to work with the navigation APIs. It is hoped that the proposed work can be extended for more complex indoor map for better implementation.

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