scholarly journals Extracting Indoor Space Information in Complex Building Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueyong Pang ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Liangchen Zhou ◽  
Bingxian Lin ◽  
Guonian Lv
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Floor Space ◽  
Grid Model ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Complex Building ◽  
Space Boundary ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Indoor space information extraction is an important aspect of reconstruction for building information modeling and a necessary process for geographic information system from outdoor to indoor. Entity model extracting methods provide advantages in terms of accuracy for building indoor spaces, as compared with network and grid model methods, and the extraction results can be converted into a network or grid model. However, existing entity model extracting methods based on a search loop do not consider the complex indoor environment of a building, such as isolated columns and walls or cross-floor spaces. In this study, such complex indoor environments are analyzed in detail, and a new approach for extracting buildings’ indoor space information is proposed. This approach is based on indoor space boundary calculation, the Boolean difference for single-floor space extraction, relationship reconstruction, and cross-floor space extraction. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can accurately extract indoor space information from the complex indoor environment of a building with geometric, semantic, and relationship information. This study is theoretically important for better understanding the complexity of indoor space extraction and practically important for improving the modeling accuracy of buildings.

scholarly journals Feel the way with a vibrotactile compass: Does a navigational aid aid navigation?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Weisberg ◽  
Daniel Badgio ◽  
Anjan Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Navigational Cues ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Indoor Spaces

AbstractKnowing where north is provides a navigator with invaluable information for learning and recalling a space, particularly in places with limited navigational cues, like complex indoor environments. Although north is effectively used by orienteers, pilots, and military personnel, very little is known about whether non-expert populations can or will use north to create an accurate representation of an indoor space. In the current study, we taught people two non-overlapping routes through a complex indoor environment, with which they were not familiar – a university hospital with few windows and several turns. Along one route, they wore a vibrotactile compass on their arm, which vibrated continuously indicating the direction of north. Along the other route, they were only told where north was at the start of the route. At the beginning, the end, and back at the beginning of each route, participants pointed to well-known landmarks in the surrounding city and campus (external landmarks), and newly-learned landmarks in the hospital (internal landmarks). We found improved performance with the compass only for external landmarks, driven by people’s use of the availability of north to orient these judgments. No such improved orientation occurred for the internal landmarks. These findings reveal the utility of vibrotactile compasses for learning new indoor spaces. We speculate that such cues help users map new spaces onto familiar spaces or to familiar reference frames.

scholarly journals MODELING OF EMERGENCY EVACUATION IN BUILDING FIRE

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Bayat ◽  
M. R. Delavar ◽  
W. Barghi ◽  
S. A. EslamiNezhad ◽  
P. Hanachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Shortest Paths ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Dijkstra Algorithm ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Emergency Exit

Abstract. One of the main problems of rescue workers in confrontation of fired complex buildings is the lack of sufficient information about the building indoor environment and their emergency exit ways. Building information modeling (BIM) is a database for building a 3D model of building information to create a 3D building geometry network model. This paper has implemented some GIS and BIM integration analyses to determine the shortest and safest paths to people under fire risk and simulate their movement in the building. Plasco building was a multi-story shop in Tehran which has been fired in 2017 and destroyed. This paper attempts to simulate the firefighting and rescue operations in Plasco Building using an integration of BIM and GIS. There is no detailed information about the building and the fire incident, therefore the developed BIM and corresponding geometric network might differ slightly. The shortest and safest paths to the exit door or windows where the fire ladders are located are computed and analyzed. As a result of 15 scenarios developed in this paper, it was found that at 87% of the cases, the safest paths for the emergency exit of the people at risk were longer than the shortest paths. This study has evaluated different scenarios for the shortest and safest paths using Dijkstra algorithm considering different origins and destination points in the 3D indoor environment to assist the rescue operations.

scholarly journals Indoor path visualization method based on the spatial characteristics of indoor environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Jiafeng Shi ◽  
Jie Shen ◽  
Zdeněk Stachoň ◽  
Yawei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Route Guidance ◽  
Visualization Method ◽  
Continuous Space ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Map Design

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> With the increasing number of large buildings and more frequent indoor activities, indoor location-based service has expanded. Due to the complicated internal passages of large public buildings and the three-dimensional interlacing, it is difficult for users to quickly reach the destination, the demand of indoor paths visualization increases. Isikdag (2013), Zhang Shaoping (2017), Huang Kejia (2018) provided navigation services for users based on path planning algorithm. In terms of indoor path visualization, Nossum (2011) proposed a “Tubes” map design method, which superimposed the channel information of different floors on the same plane by simplifying the indoor corridor and the room. Lorenz et al (2013) focused on map perspective (2D/3D) and landmarks, developed and investigated cartographic methods for effective route guidance in indoor environments. Holscher et al (2007) emphasized using the landmark objects at the important decision points of the route in indoor map design. The existing studies mainly focused on two-dimensional plane to visualize the indoor path, lacking the analysis of three-dimensional connectivity in indoor space, which makes the intuitiveness and interactivity of path visualization greatly compromised. Therefore, it is difficult to satisfy the wayfinding requirements of the indoor multi-layer continuous space. In order to solve this problem, this paper aims to study the characteristics of the indoor environment and propose a path visualization method. The following questions are addressed in this study: 1) What are the key characteristics of the indoor environment compared to the outdoor space? 2) How to visualize the indoor paths to satisfy the users’ wayfinding needs?</p>

scholarly journals A TOOL FOR CROWDSOURCED BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING THROUGH LOW-COST RANGE CAMERA: PRELIMINARY DEMONSTRATION AND POTENTIAL

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W8 ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
F. Capocchiano ◽  
R. Ravanelli ◽  
M. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Range Camera ◽  
Information Models ◽  
Building Geometry ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Geometrical Information

Within the construction sector, Building Information Models (BIMs) are more and more used thanks to the several benefits that they offer in the design of new buildings and the management of the existing ones. Frequently, however, BIMs are not available for already built constructions, but, at the same time, the range camera technology provides nowadays a cheap, intuitive and effective tool for automatically collecting the 3D geometry of indoor environments. It is thus essential to find new strategies, able to perform the first step of the scan to BIM process, by extracting the geometrical information contained in the 3D models that are so easily collected through the range cameras.<br><br> In this work, a new algorithm to extract planimetries from the 3D models of rooms acquired by means of a range camera is therefore presented. The algorithm was tested on two rooms, characterized by different shapes and dimensions, whose 3D models were captured with the Occipital Structure Sensor<sup>TM</sup>. The preliminary results are promising: the developed algorithm is able to model effectively the 2D shape of the investigated rooms, with an accuracy level comprised in the range of 5 - 10 cm. It can be potentially used by non-expert users in the first step of the BIM generation, when the building geometry is reconstructed, for collecting crowdsourced indoor information in the frame of BIMs Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) generation.

scholarly journals INDOOR SPACE ROUTING GRAPHS: VISIBILITY, ENCODING, ENCRYPTION AND ATTENUATION

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-4 ◽  
pp. 579-585
Author(s):  
G. Sithole
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Indoor Navigation ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
The Third ◽  
Future Paper ◽  
Spatial Geometry ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Third Dimension ◽  
Indoor Spaces

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The conventional approach to path planning for indoor navigation is to infer routes from a subdivided floor map of the indoor space. The floor map describes the spatial geometry of the space. Contained in this floor map are logical units called subspaces. For the purpose of path planning the possible routes between the subspaces have to be modelled. Typical these models employing a graph structures, or skeletons, in which the interconnected subspaces (e.g., rooms, corridors, etc.) are represented as linked nodes, i.e. a graph.</p><p>This paper presents a novel method for creating generalised graphs of indoor spaces that doesn’t require the subdivision of indoor space. The method creates the generalised graph by gradually simplifying/in-setting the floor map until a graph is obtained, a process described here as chained deflation. The resulting generalised graph allows for more flexible and natural paths to be determined within the indoor environment. Importantly the method allows the indoor space to be encoded and encrypted and supplied to users in a way that emulates the use of physical keys in the real world. Another important novelty of the method is that the space described by the graph is adaptable. The space described by the graph can be deflated or inflated according to the needs of the path planning. Finally, the proposed method can be readily generalised to the third dimension.</p><p>The concept and logic of the method are explained. A full implementation of the method will be discussed in a future paper.</p>

scholarly journals Indoor and Outdoor Backpack Mapping with Calibrated Pair of Velodyne LiDARs

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (18) ◽  
pp. 3944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Velas ◽  
Michal Spanel ◽  
Tomas Sleziak ◽  
Jiri Habrovec ◽  
Adam Herout
Keyword(s):  
Point Cloud ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laser Intensity ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Data Density ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Sufficient Precision ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

This paper presents a human-carried mapping backpack based on a pair of Velodyne LiDAR scanners. Our system is a universal solution for both large scale outdoor and smaller indoor environments. It benefits from a combination of two LiDAR scanners, which makes the odometry estimation more precise. The scanners are mounted under different angles, thus a larger space around the backpack is scanned. By fusion with GNSS/INS sub-system, the mapping of featureless environments and the georeferencing of resulting point cloud is possible. By deploying SoA methods for registration and the loop closure optimization, it provides sufficient precision for many applications in BIM (Building Information Modeling), inventory check, construction planning, etc. In our indoor experiments, we evaluated our proposed backpack against ZEB-1 solution, using FARO terrestrial scanner as the reference, yielding similar results in terms of precision, while our system provides higher data density, laser intensity readings, and scalability for large environments.

scholarly journals Method for Generation of Indoor GIS Models Based on BIM Models to Support Adjacent Analysis of Indoor Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxiang Chen ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Wumeng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Building Information Modelling ◽  
Cellular Space ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Rapid Modeling ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Methods for the generation of indoor geographic information system (GIS) models based on building information modelling (BIM) models can promote the analysis and application of indoor GIS, avoiding the complexity of traditional indoor space collection. The indoor adjacency relations (i.e., the attribute of IndoorGML) play a vital role in the adjacent query and analysis in indoor GIS applications (i.e., obtaining the neighbors or affected spaces of a cellular space in a building). However, current methods ignore the important feature, which considerably limits the spatial analysis ability of indoor GIS. Therefore, we developed a method for the generation of indoor GIS models based on BIM models to support adjacent analysis of indoor spaces. The method first devised an indoor GIS model (IGSM) by integrating spatial features (mainly adjacency relations) and the BIM model. Then, we proposed rapid modeling algorithms to mainly establish indoor adjacency relations based on the IGSM. Moreover, in the potential application of indoor GIS (e.g., indoor emergency response), we proposed a K-adjacent analysis algorithm to improve the application ability of the adjacent analysis of indoor GIS. Finally, experimental results suggest its validity and efficiency, which has substantial practical significance for the subsequent analysis and application of 3D GIS.

scholarly journals A BIM Based Hybrid 3D Indoor Map Model for Indoor Positioning and Navigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 747
Author(s):  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Jingyan Luo ◽  
Jiwei Hou ◽  
Danqi Wen ◽  
Guoqiang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Indoor Positioning ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Data Organization ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Navigation Function ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Accurate and fast indoor Location-Based Services (LBS) is very important for daily life and emergency response. Indoor map is the basis of indoor LBS. The model construction and data organization of indoor map are the key scientific problems that urgently need to be solved in the current indoor LBS application. In recent years, hybrid models have been used widely in the research of indoor map, because they can balance the limitations of single models. However, the current studies about hybrid model pay more attention to the model accuracy and modeling algorithm, while ignoring its relationship between positioning and navigation and its practicality in mobile indoor LBS applications. This paper addresses a new indoor map model, named Building Information Modeling based Positioning and Navigation (BIMPN), which is based on the entity model and the network model. The highlight of BIMPN is that it proposes a concept of Step Node (SN) to assist indoor positioning and navigation function. We developed the Mobile Indoor Positioning and Navigation System (MIPNS) to verify the practicability of BIMPN. Results indicate that the BIMPN can effectively organize the characteristics of indoor spaces and the building features, and assist indoor positioning and navigation. The BIMPN proposed in this paper can be used for the construction of indoor maps and it is suitable for mobile indoor positioning and navigation systems.

Residents' Needs for Indoor Environments

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Pei Chao Chen ◽  
Xiao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Indoor Space

Based on the indoor space environment as the theme, this paper illuminates the indoor environment design goals: meeting the psychological and physiological needs, and reveal all aspects involved in these two requirements. Providing a reliable theoretical basis for the design of indoor environment.

scholarly journals DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A NOVEL PORTABLE 360° STEREO CAMERA SYSTEM WITH LOW-COST ACTION CAMERAS

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W8 ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
D. Holdener ◽  
S. Nebiker ◽  
S. Blaser
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stereo Image ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Stereo Camera ◽  
Indoor Space ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Indoor Spaces

The demand for capturing indoor spaces is rising with the digitalization trend in the construction industry. An efficient solution for measuring challenging indoor environments is mobile mapping. Image-based systems with 360° panoramic coverage allow a rapid data acquisition and can be processed to georeferenced 3D images hosted in cloud-based 3D geoinformation services. For the multiview stereo camera system presented in this paper, a 360° coverage is achieved with a layout consisting of five horizontal stereo image pairs in a circular arrangement. The design is implemented as a low-cost solution based on a 3D printed camera rig and action cameras with fisheye lenses. The fisheye stereo system is successfully calibrated with accuracies sufficient for the applied measurement task. A comparison of 3D distances with reference data delivers maximal deviations of 3 cm on typical distances in indoor space of 2-8 m. Also the automatic computation of coloured point clouds from the stereo pairs is demonstrated.

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