scholarly journals Hormesis: Path and Progression to Significance

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Health And Well Being

This paper tells the story of how hormesis became recognized as a fundamental concept in biology, affecting toxicology, microbiology, medicine, public health, agriculture, and all areas related to enhancing biological performance. This paper assesses how hormesis enhances resilience to normal aging and protects against a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, and other diseases, as well as trauma and other threats to health and well-being. This paper also explains the application of hormesis to several neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s and Huntington’s disease, macrophage polarization and its systematic adaptive protections, and the role of hormesis in enhancing stem cell functioning and medical applications.

scholarly journals Advancing environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Marcelo Korc ◽  
Fred Hauchman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Leadership Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Environmental Public Health ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Health And Well Being

This paper highlights the important leadership role of the public health sector, working with other governmental sectors and nongovernmental entities, to advance environmental public health in Latin America and the Caribbean toward the achievement of 2030 Sustainable Development Goal 3: Health and Well-Being. The most pressing current and future environmental public health threats are discussed, followed by a brief review of major historical and current international and regional efforts to address these concerns. The paper concludes with a discussion of three major components of a regional environmental public health agenda that responsible parties can undertake to make significant progress toward ensuring the health and well-being of all people throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Deregulation and the Assault on Science and the Environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Samet ◽  
Thomas A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Reasoned Action ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research To Policy ◽  
Health And Well Being

The quality of the environment is a major determinant of the health and well-being of a population. The role of scientific evidence is central in the network of laws addressing environmental pollution in the United States and has been critical in addressing the myriad sources of environmental pollution and the burden of disease attributable to environmental factors. We address the shift away from reasoned action and science to a reliance on belief and document the efforts to separate regulation from science and to remove science-based regulations and policies intended to protect public health. We outline the general steps for moving from research to policy, show how each has been undermined, offer specific examples, and point to resources that document the enormity of the current efforts to set aside scientific evidence.

scholarly journals Round table: Measuring values: enhancing how WHO monitors and reports on health and well-being

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Member States ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
Qualitative Evidence ◽  
Health Concepts ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Many concepts that are key to public health policy-making are conceptual and often values-based. How such concepts can be implemented by Member States, and how the effectiveness of this implementation can be measured and reported, remains an critical challenge that all major monitoring frameworks are faced with, from Health 2020 (WHO’s European policy framework for health and well-being), to the Sustainable Development Goals for Agenda 2030. In 2016, WHO established a project to interrogate how four key values-based public health concepts can be better measured and reported on, to increase the accountability of Member States towards these concepts. Based on the priority areas of Health 2020, the concepts which were chosen are: resilience;empowerment;life-course approach; andwhole of society approach. Four Health Evidence Network (HEN) synthesis reports were commissioned from leading experts and have now been published, synthesizing the best available evidence and grey literature on these concepts, and proposing a variety of quantitative and qualitative approaches to measuring them. The workshop will be organized as round table workshop. It will bring together the authors of all four reports to provide an overarching thematic discussion on how to enhance the monitoring and reporting of values-based public health concepts. In addition, it will also present an opportunity to discuss the findings of the reports, in particular how qualitative evidence can be deployed to make up for the shortcomings of quantitative indicators. The role of culture in informing these values-based concepts will also be discussed. The session will be chaired by Nick Fahy, who will set the scene and provide some background to the WHO Europe project on enhancing monitoring and reporting. Jane South will then give overview of the HEN synthesis report on measuring resilience, followed Glenn Laverack, who will talk about the HEN report on measuring empowerment. Mark Hanson and Scott Greer will review their respective HEN reports on measuring the life-course approach and whole-of-society approach implementation. Each speaker will be asked to illustrate their presentation with a case study which demonstrates how qualitative evidence can enhance the monitoring and/or reporting of the various concepts. During the discussion, a number of key questions will be discussed by the panel with input from the audience. How can actionable measurement strategies be derived from existing research regarding values based concepts?How can meaningful, country-level reporting mechanisms be expanded to include quantitative and qualitative health information and indicators?What is the role of cultural contexts in mediating these (and other) values-based concepts? Key messages Many key public health concepts are inherently values-based. However, this is often not acknowledged, making it challenging to monitor and report on them. Qualitative evidence can be key to designing more effective ways to measure the implementation of values-based public health concepts. Jane South Contact: [email protected] Glenn Laverack Contact: [email protected] Mark Hanson Contact: [email protected] Scott Greer Contact: [email protected]

Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Multiple Health ◽  
Health And Well Being

Much literature on environmental health has described threats from the environment. The Oxford Textbook of Nature and Public Health: The Role of Nature in Improving the Health of a Population focuses on the role of nature for our health and well-being by demonstrating how we can gain multiple health benefits from nature, and how much we risk losing by destroying our surrounding natural environment. Providing a broad and inclusive picture of the multifaceted relation between human health and natural environments, the books covers all aspects of this relationship ranging from disease prevention; through physical activity in green spaces, to ecosystem services like climate change adaptation by urban trees preventing heat stress in hot climates. Nature’s potential hazardous consequences are also discussed including natural disasters, vector-borne pathogens, and allergies.

Gender Equity and the SDGs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Dettori ◽  
Geeta Rao Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Partnership ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Health And Well Being

This chapter identifies some of the most stubborn gender-based risks and vulnerabilities girls face as a cohort from preadolescence through late adolescence across the domains of personal capabilities, security, safety, economic resources, and opportunities. It reviews progress made during the Millennium Development Goal era in improving girls’ health and well-being and looks to the role of adolescent girls in advancing the Sustainable Development Goals. The chapter concludes by recommending an approach for global partnership that is linked to national and local actions and that is centered on priority interventions that can catalyze change, at scale, for adolescent girls.

scholarly journals Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate the inflammation of severe steroid-resistant asthma by reshaping macrophage polarization

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Dong ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jinrong Zhang ◽  
Yinuo Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Steroid Resistant ◽  
Central Protein

Abstract Background Severe, steroid-resistant asthma (SSRA) is a serious clinical problem in asthma management. Affected patients have severe clinical symptoms, worsened quality of life, and do not respond to steroid, a mainstay steroid treatment of asthma. Thus, effective therapies are urgently needed. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC-Exo) has become attractive candidates for the lung inflammatory diseases through its immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effects of MSC-Exo in SSRA and identified the therapeutic mechanism of MSC-Exo. Method Exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hUCMSC) were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and flow cytometry analysis. Effects of MSC-Exo on airway hyper responsiveness (AHR), inflammation, histopathology, and macrophage polarization in SSRA in mice were evaluated. Systematic depletion of macrophages determined the role of macrophages in the therapeutic effect of SSRA in mice. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell model was constructed to determine the underlying mechanism of MSC-Exo on macrophage polarization. qRT-PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the expression of M1 or M2 markers. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-labeled quantitative proteomics were applied to explore the central protein during the regulation effect of MSC-Exo on macrophage polarization. Knockdown and overexpression of TRAF1 were used to further clarify the role of the central protein on macrophage polarization. Result We successfully isolated and characterized exosomes from hUCMSCs. We verified that the intratracheal administration of MSC-Exo reversed AHR, histopathology changes, and inflammation in SSRA mice. Systematic depletion of macrophages weakened the therapeutic effect of MSC-Exo. We found that MSC-Exo treatment inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 1 (TRAF1) was determined as the central protein which may be closely related to the regulation of macrophage polarization from TMT-labeled quantitative proteomics analysis. Knockdown and overexpression of TRAF1 demonstrated that the effect of MSC-Exo treatment on macrophage polarization, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT signaling was dependent on TRAF1. Conclusion MSC-Exo can ameliorate SSRA by moderating inflammation, which is achieved by reshaping macrophage polarization via inhibition of TRAF1.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document