scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage of Retinal Neurons: Drug Development Targets for Therapies of Chronic Neurodegeneration of the Retina

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon Rohowetz ◽  
Jacob Kraus ◽  
Peter Koulen
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Low Levels

The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced at low levels as a result of normal cellular metabolism that are ultimately metabolized and detoxified by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In the presence of oxidative cellular stress, ROS are produced in excess, resulting in cellular injury and death and ultimately leading to tissue and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have investigated the role of excess ROS in the pathogenesis and development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Findings from these studies are promising insofar as they provide clear rationales for innovative treatment and prevention strategies of these prevalent and disabling diseases where currently therapeutic options are limited. Here, we briefly outline recent developments that have contributed to our understanding of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. We then examine and analyze the peer-reviewed evidence in support of ROS as targets for therapy development in the area of chronic neurodegeneration of the retina.

Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species: a review of their role in ocular disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (24) ◽  
pp. 2865-2883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawson Ung ◽  
Ushasree Pattamatta ◽  
Nicole Carnt ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilkinson-Berka ◽  
Gerald Liew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

For many years, oxidative stress arising from the ubiquitous production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various eye diseases. While emerging research has provided some evidence of the important physiological role of ROS in normal cell function, disease may arise where the concentration of ROS exceeds and overwhelms the body’s natural defence against them. Additionally, ROS may induce genomic aberrations which affect cellular homoeostasis and may result in disease. This literature review examines the current evidence for the role of oxidative stress in important ocular diseases with a view to identifying potential therapeutic targets for future study. The need is particularly pressing in developing treatments for conditions which remain notoriously difficult to treat, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.

The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Tumor Treatment and its Impact on Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 477-498
Author(s):  
Yongfeng Chen ◽  
Xingjing Luo ◽  
Zhenyou Zou ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), an important molecule inducing oxidative stress in organisms, play a key role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression and recurrence. Recent findings on ROS have shown that ROS can be used to treat cancer as they accelerate the death of tumor cells. At present, pro-oxidant drugs that are intended to increase ROS levels of the tumor cells have been widely used in the clinic. However, ROS are a double-edged sword in the treatment of tumors. High levels of ROS induce not only the death of tumor cells but also oxidative damage to normal cells, especially bone marrow hemopoietic cells, which leads to bone marrow suppression and (or) other side effects, weak efficacy of tumor treatment and even threatening patients’ life. How to enhance the killing effect of ROS on tumor cells while avoiding oxidative damage to the normal cells has become an urgent issue. This study is a review of the latest progress in the role of ROS-mediated programmed death in tumor treatment and prevention and treatment of oxidative damage in bone marrow induced by ROS.

scholarly journals Proteome and Secretome Dynamics of Stem Cell-Derived Retinal Pigmented Epithelium in Response to Acute and Chronic ROS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer ◽  
Thelma Garcia ◽  
Birgit Schilling ◽  
Bradford W. Gibson ◽  
Deepak A. Lamba
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Retinal Pigmented Epithelium ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pigmented Epithelium

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and is characterized by slow retinal degeneration linked to chronic oxidative stress in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The exact molecular mechanisms that lead to RPE death and dysfunction in response to chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) are still unclear. In this work, human stem cell-derived RPE samples were treated with a low dose of paraquat (PQ) for 1 week or 3 weeks to induce chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress. Cells were then harvested and both the intracellular and secreted RPE proteomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. Inside the RPE, chronic ROS caused concerted increase of glycolytic proteins but decreased mitochondrial proteins, as well as decreased extracellular matrix proteins and membrane proteins required for endocytosis. From the secreted proteins, we found that stressed RPE secrete over 1,000 detectable proteins, and the composition of the proteins secreted from RPE changes due to chronic ROS. Notably, secreted APOE is decreased 4-fold due to 3 weeks of chronic ROS stress, and urotensin-II, the strongest known vasoconstrictor, doubles. Further, secreted TGF-beta is increased, and its cognate signaler BMP1 decreased in the secretome. Together, these alterations of the RPE proteome and protein secretome paint a detailed molecular picture of the retinal stress response in space and time.

scholarly journals Role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in age-related inflammatory activation of endothelium

Aging ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman A. Zinovkin ◽  
Valeria P. Romaschenko ◽  
Ivan I. Galkin ◽  
Vlada V. Zakharova ◽  
Olga Yu. Pletjushkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Inflammatory Activation

scholarly journals The Role of the Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathomechanism of the Age-Related Ocular Diseases and Other Pathologies of the Anterior and Posterior Eye Segments in Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Nita ◽  
Andrzej Grzybowski
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Corneal Dystrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Human Lens ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

The reactive oxygen species (ROS) form under normal physiological conditions and may have both beneficial and harmful role. We search the literature and current knowledge in the aspect of ROS participation in the pathogenesis of anterior and posterior eye segment diseases in adults. ROS take part in the pathogenesis of keratoconus, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, and granular corneal dystrophy type 2, stimulating apoptosis of corneal cells. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucoma stimulating apoptotic and inflammatory pathways on the level of the trabecular meshwork and promoting retinal ganglion cells apoptosis and glial dysfunction in the posterior eye segment. ROS play a role in the pathogenesis of Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy and traumatic optic neuropathy. ROS induce apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells. ROS promote apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells and stimulate inflammation and pathological angiogenesis in the course of diabetic retinopathy. ROS are associated with the pathophysiological parainflammation and autophagy process in the course of the age-related macular degeneration.

scholarly journals Role of Melatonin in Angiotensin and Aging

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4666
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli ◽  
Serkan Sayıner ◽  
Ugochukwu Chukwunyere ◽  
Nedime Serakinci
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Calcium ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mitochondrial Calcium Uptake

The cellular utilization of oxygen leads to the generation of free radicals in organisms. The accumulation of these free radicals contributes significantly to aging and several age-related diseases. Angiotensin II can contribute to DNA damage through oxidative stress by activating the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway, which in turn results in the production of reactive oxygen species. This radical oxygen-containing molecule has been linked to aging and several age-related disorders, including renal damage. Considering the role of angiotensin in aging, melatonin might relieve angiotensin-II-induced stress by enhancing the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 pathway, which is crucial in preventing the mitochondrial calcium overload that may trigger increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. This review highlights the role and importance of melatonin together with angiotensin in aging and age-related diseases.

scholarly journals Role of reactive oxygen species in age-related neuromuscular deficits

2016 ◽  
Vol 594 (8) ◽  
pp. 1979-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm J. Jackson ◽  
Anne McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. E32-E43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Qu ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Peisong Gao ◽  
Chengping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Recent Developments

scholarly journals Proteome and Secretome Dynamics of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Response to Reactive Oxygen Species

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse G. Meyer ◽  
Thelma Y. Garcia ◽  
Birgit Schilling ◽  
Bradford W. Gibson ◽  
Deepak A. Lamba
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Urotensin Ii ◽  
Age Related

Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries, and is characterized by slow retinal degeneration linked to chronic reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE). The molecular mechanisms leading to RPE dysfunction in response to ROS are unclear. Here, human stem cell-derived RPE samples were stressed with ROS for 1 or 3 weeks, and both intracellular and secreted proteomes were quantified by mass spectrometry. ROS increased glycolytic proteins but decreased mitochondrial complex I subunits, as well as membrane proteins required for endocytosis. RPE secreted over 1,000 proteins, many of which changed significantly due to ROS. Notably, secreted APOE is decreased 4-fold, and urotensin-II, the strongest known vasoconstrictor, doubled. Furthermore, secreted TGF-beta is increased, and its cognate signaler BMP1 decreased in the secretome. Together, our results paint a detailed molecular picture of the retinal stress response in space and time.

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