5-Aminolevulinic Acid Improves Nutrient Uptake and Endogenous Hormone Accumulation, Enhancing Low-Temperature Stress Tolerance in Cucumbers

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) increases plant tolerance to low-temperature stress, but the physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie its effects are not fully understood. To investigate them, cucumber seedlings were treated with different ALA concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45 mg/L ALA) and subjected to low temperatures (12/8 °C day/night temperature). The another group (RT; regular temperature) was exposed to normal temperature (28/18 °C day/night temperature). Low-temperature stress decreased plant height, root length, leaf area, dry mass accumulation and the strong seedling index (SSI), chlorophyll contents, photosynthesis, leaf and root nutrient contents, antioxidant enzymatic activities, and hormone accumulation. Exogenous ALA application significantly alleviated the inhibition of seedling growth and increased plant height, root length, hypocotyl diameter, leaf area, and dry mass accumulation under low-temperature stress. Moreover, ALA increased chlorophyll content (Chl a, Chl b, Chl a+b, and Carotenoids) and photosynthetic capacity, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr), as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes, while decreasing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2•−), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents under low-temperature stress. In addition, nutrient contents (N, P, K, Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) and endogenous hormones (JA, IAA, BR, iPA, and ZR) were enhanced in roots and leaves, and GA4 and ABA were decreased. Our results suggest the up-regulation of antioxidant enzyme activities, nutrient contents, and hormone accumulation with the application of ALA increases tolerance to low-temperature stress, leading to improved cucumber seedling performance.

Download Full-text

Exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid improves low-temperature stress tolerance of maize seedlings

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 587 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Wanrong Gu ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Lixin Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Maize Seedlings

The important plant growth regulator 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could promote low-temperature stress tolerance of many plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of exogenously applied ALA on seedling morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under low-temperature stress. Two cultivars, low-temperature-sensitive cv. Suiyu 13 (SY13) and low-temperature-tolerant cv. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), were subjected to four treatments: low-temperature without ALA treatment, low-temperature after ALA treatment, normal temperature without ALA treatment, and normal temperature after ALA treatment. Plant morphological growth, proline content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity were determined. ALA treatment significantly decreased the inhibitory effects of low-temperature stress on seedling dry weight and increased proline accumulation under low temperatures in ZD958. Pre-application of ALA significantly improved superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in SY13 under low-temperature stress. Furthermore, treating maize seedlings with ALA resulted in significant enhancement of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity under low-temperature stress in both cultivars. Pre-treatment with ALA relieved the damage caused by low-temperature stress to maize seedlings, particularly in the low-temperature-sensitive cultivar. Therefore, ALA at appropriate concentrations may be used to prevent reductions in maize crop yield due to low-temperature stress.

Download Full-text

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Temperature-Induced Green Discoloration in Garlic

International Journal of Genomics ◽

10.1155/2018/6725728 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ningyang Li ◽

Zhichang Qiu ◽

Xiaoming Lu ◽

Bingchao Shi ◽

Xiudong Sun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

De Novo ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Average Length ◽

Transcriptome Profiling ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Encoding Genes

Green discoloration is one of the most important problems that cause low quality of product in the processing of garlic, which can be induced by low-temperature stress. But the mechanism of low temperature-induced green discoloration is poorly understood. In the present study, the control garlic and three low temperature-treated garlic samples (stored at 4°C with 10, 15, and 40 days, respectively) were used for genome-wide transcriptome profiling analysis. A total of 49280 garlic unigenes with an average length of 1337 bp were de novo assembled, 20231 of which were achieved for functional annotation. When being suffered from 10, 15, and 40 days of low-temperature treatment, an increased degree of discoloration was observed, and a total of 4757, 4401, and 2034 unigenes showed a differential expression, respectively. Finally, 5923 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found to respond to the low-temperature stress, of which 3921 were identified in at least two treatments. Among these stress-responsive unigenes, there were large numbers of enzyme-encoding genes, which significantly enriched the pathway “proteasome,” many genes of which are potentially involved in the garlic discoloration, such as 7 alliinase-encoding genes, 5 γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-encoding genes, and 1 δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase-encoding gene. These stress-responsive enzyme-encoding genes are possibly responsible for the low-temperature-induced garlic discoloration. The identification of large numbers of DEGs provides a basis for further elucidating the mechanism of low-temperature-induced green discoloration in garlic.

Download Full-text

Transcriptome Analysis Combined With Glutathione S-transferase 1 Gene Family Whole-genome Identification Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Exogenous Application of 5-aminolevulinic Acid to Alleviate Low Temperature Stress in Solanum Lycopersicum Seedling

10.21203/rs.3.rs-67624/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhengda Zhang ◽

Tao Liu ◽

Zhen Kang ◽

Jiwen Xu ◽

Shichun Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Gene Family ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Stress Resistance ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Tomato Genome ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Cis Acting ◽

Gst Activity

Abstract Background: Transcriptome sequencing was conducted to screen out genes that actively respond to exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induction under low temperature stress. The study used two versions of the tomato genome database to strictly screen and identify tomato glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene families and carried out the related bioinformatics analysis of tomato GST gene family. The expression pattern of SlGST genes induced by exogenous application ALA under low temperature stress was also analysed. Related physiological indicators were determined, and related chemical stains were performed.Results: RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed that the expression of SlGST gene was different under various treatments, and a large number of SlGST genes widely responded to ALA induction under low temperature stress. Sixty-nine full-length GST genes were identified by screening the two versions of tomato genome databases combined with protein domain analysis. Analysis of gene family phylogenetic tree divided the tomato GST gene family into eight subfamilies. Tandem replication of genes is one of the driving forces for the evolution of tomato GST gene family, and a large number of cis-acting elements are related to stress resistance on the promoter of the GST gene family. Exogenous ALA application under low temperature stress induces a broad response of tomato leaf SlGST gene (qRT-PCR verification), increases GST activity and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation.Conclusions: RNA sequencing results revealed that a large number of tomato GST genes are differentially expressed, and Sixty-nine GSTs are identified in the tomato genome. Tandem replication of genes is the driving force for 68 the evolution of tomato GST family, and the promoter contains a large number of cis-acting elements related to stress resistance. Test results show that exogenous ALA induces the expression of SlGST genes under low temperature stress, thereby increasing GST activity to eliminate the ROS produced under low temperature stress and increase the tomato tolerance.

Download Full-text

STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF LOW TEMPERATURES AND CALCIUM CHLORIDE TREATMENT ON THE GERMINATION OF IRANIAN AND EUROPEAN BARLEY CULTIVARS

Plant Breeding and Seed Science ◽

10.37317/pbss-2018-0012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 ◽

pp. 37-49

Author(s):

Setare Abarnak ◽

Leila Zarei ◽

Kianoosh Cheghamirza

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Calcium Chloride ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Root Length ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Root Number ◽

Barley Cultivars ◽

Chloride Treatment

Low temperature stress is one of the limiting factors of seed germination. In order to investigate the effect of lowtemperatures on germination of barley cultivars, identification of traits related to low temperature stress at germinationstage and the effect of calcium chloride on these traits, 44 Iranian and European barley cultivars were evaluatedin a factorial experiment within completely randomized design with 3 replications in the Laboratory of Plant Physiology,Agronomy and Plant Breeding department, Razi University. The first factor was 44 Iranian and European barleycultivars, the second factor included four temperature (0, 5, 10 and 20°C), and the third factor was the use of calciumchloride (10 mM) and its non-use (distilled water). Analysis of variance showed that there was a significant differencebetween cultivars for all traits except root length and seed vigor. Applying calcium chloride treatment ata concentration of 10 mM did not significantly affect the traits under the studied temperatures. Reducing temperaturefrom 20°C to 10°C and 5°C reduced root length, shoot length, coleoptile length, root number, coefficient of velocityof germination, seed vigor and promptness index. The results of correlation analysis showed that there wasa significant positive correlation between promptness index with average velocity of germination, coefficient ofvelocity of germination and seed vigor, germination percentage and root number in all studied temperatures. Therewas little differentiation between Iranian and European cultivars by both cluster and discriminant analysis.

Download Full-text