scholarly journals Role of Green Macroalgae Enteromorpha Prolifera Polyphenols in the Modulation of Gene Expression and Intestinal Microflora Profiles in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guopeng Lin ◽  
Xiaoyan Liu ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
Chengfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Enteromorpha Prolifera ◽  
Green Macroalgae ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Effects of green macroalgae 55% ethanolic extract Enteromorpha prolifera through an ultrafiltration membrane of 3 kDa (EPE3k) on antidiabetic activity, gut microbiota, and regulation mechanism were investigated in high-fat/high-sucrose diet and streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. The structural characterizations of its major compounds in EPE3k were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the intestinal microflora modulation in diabetic mice was also investigated with high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The proposed presence of polyphenols in EPE3k was confirmed. EPE3k could significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose and improve fasting glucose tolerance. The hypoglycemic effect of EPE3k was via activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and suppression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase in liver. EPE3k treatment significantly increased the relative abundance of Akkermansia and decreased the proportion of Alistipes and Turicibacter. The above results indicated that EPE3k could be provided as a new potential therapy for the treatment of type 2 diabetic mellitus.

scholarly journals BBT improves glucose homeostasis by ameliorating β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 224 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin-gang Yao ◽  
Xin Xu ◽  
Gai-hong Wang ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Ling-ling Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and increasing β-cell death are two typical dysfunctions of pancreatic β-cells in individuals that are destined to develop type 2 diabetes, and improvement of β-cell function through GSIS enhancement and/or inhibition of β-cell death is a promising strategy for anti-diabetic therapy. In this study, we discovered that the small molecule, N-(2-benzoylphenyl)-5-bromo-2-thiophenecarboxamide (BBT), was effective in both potentiating GSIS and protecting β-cells from cytokine- or streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cell death. Results of further studies revealed that cAMP/PKA and long-lasting (L-type) voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel/CaMK2 pathways were involved in the action of BBT against GSIS, and that the cAMP/PKA pathway was essential for the protective action of BBT on β-cells. An assay using the model of type 2 diabetic mice induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ (STZ/HFD) demonstrated that BBT administration efficiently restored β-cell functions as indicated by the increased plasma insulin level and decrease in the β-cell loss induced by STZ/HFD. Moreover, the results indicated that BBT treatment decreased fasting blood glucose and HbA1c and improved oral glucose tolerance further highlighting the potential of BBT in anti-hyperglycemia research.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Activity of Green Tea (Thea sinensis L.) in Genetically Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro Miura ◽  
Tomoko Koike ◽  
Torao Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrolyzed Bird’s Nest on β-Cell Function and Insulin Signaling in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ker Woon Choy ◽  
Zuhaida Md Zain ◽  
Dharmani Devi Murugan ◽  
Nelli Giribabu ◽  
Nor Hisam Zamakshshari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by both resistance to the action of insulin and defects in insulin secretion. Bird’s nest, which is derived from the saliva of swiftlets are well known to possess multiple health benefits dating back to Imperial China. However, it’s effect on diabetes mellitus and influence on the actions of insulin action remains to be investigated. In the present study, the effect of standardized aqueous extract of hydrolyzed edible bird nest (HBN) on metabolic characteristics and insulin signaling pathway in pancreas, liver and skeletal muscle of db/db, a type 2 diabetic mice model was investigated. Male db/db diabetic and its euglycemic control, C57BL/6J mice were administered HBN (75 and 150 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) orally for 28 days. Metabolic parameters were evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose, serum insulin and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Insulin signaling and activation of inflammatory pathways in liver, adipose, pancreas and muscle tissue were evaluated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured in the serum at the end of the treatment. The results showed that db/db mice treated with HBN significantly reversed the elevated fasting blood glucose, serum insulin, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and the impaired OGTT without affecting the body weight of the mice in all groups. Furthermore, HBN treatment significantly ameliorated pathological changes and increased the protein expression of insulin, and glucose transporters in the pancreatic islets (GLUT-2), liver and skeletal muscle (GLUT-4). Likewise, the Western blots analysis denotes improved insulin signaling and antioxidant enzyme, decreased reactive oxygen species producing enzymes and inflammatory molecules in the liver and adipose tissues of HBN treated diabetic mice. These results suggest that HBN improves β-cell function and insulin signaling by attenuation of oxidative stress mediated chronic inflammation in the type 2 diabetic mice.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of an Active Components Group fromIlex kudingchaand Its Chemical Composition

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengwu Song ◽  
Chao Xie ◽  
Zhiwen Zhou ◽  
Shanggong Yu ◽  
Nianbai Fang
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
Antidiabetic Effect ◽  
First Time ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The leaves ofIlex kudingchaare used as an ethnomedicine in the treatment of symptoms related with diabetes mellitus and obesity throughout the centuries in China. The present study investigated the antidiabetic activities of an active components group (ACG) obtained fromIlex kudingchain alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic mice. ACG significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum glycaemic and lipids in type 2 diabetic mice. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and glucokinase were upregulated significantly, while fatty acid synthetase, glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic enzyme was downregulated in diabetic mice after treatment of ACG. These findings clearly provided evidences regarding the antidiabetic potentials of ACG fromIlex kudingcha. Using LC-DAD/HR-ESI-TOF-MS, six major components were identified in ACG. They are three dicaffeoylquinic acids that have been reported previously, and three new triterpenoid saponins, which were the first time to be identified inIlex kudingcha. It is reasonable to assume that antidiabetic activity ofIlex kudingchaagainst hyperglycemia resulted from these six major components. Also, synergistic effects among their compounds may exist in the antidiabetic activity ofIlex kudingcha.

scholarly journals Drinking Watermelon Juice Shift the Gut Microbiome in Diabetic Mice (P20-025-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siau Yen Wong ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Peiran Lu ◽  
Babajide Ojo ◽  
Minghua Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Watermelon Juice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Objectives Watermelon is a delicious and healthy fruit that contains low calories and is rich in carotenoids, vitamin A, vitamin C, citrulline, and other bioactive compounds. The health benefits of watermelon in diabetes are poorly understood. In the current study, we sought to determine the effects of watermelon juice on gut microbiome profile and blood glucose management in type 1 and type 2 diabetic mice. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J wild type (WT), db/db type 2 diabetic (db/db), and streptozocin (STZ)-induced type 1 (STZ) diabetic mice were fed a chow diet and given 50% or 100% watermelon juice or tape water during night cycle for 8 weeks. At the termination of the study, mice were fasted for 3 hrs prior to euthanization. Blood, cecal contents, and other tissues were collected for laboratory assessments. Plasma metabolic parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were monitored by a clinical analyzer and ELISA, respectively. Cecal microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing and followed by bioinformatic analysis. Results Consumption of watermelon juice significantly lowered fasting blood glucose levels in both diabetic mouse models. The fasting insulin level was significantly decreased in db/db consuming watermelon juice, though it was undetectable in STZ mice, with or without watermelon juice. Drinking watermelon juice tremendously changed the gut microbiome composition. At the phylum level, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly associated with genotype (e.g., WT vs STZ vs db/db) and diet (e.g., watermelon juice vs tap water). At the genus level, abundances of Ruminiclostridium_9, Parasutterella, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 were increased in STZ mice with watermelon, and abundances of Oscillibacter and Ruminiclostridium were decreased in db/db mice with watermelon. Watermelon juice induced gut microbiome compositional changes also occurred at the species level. Conclusions Watermelon juice intervention causes a decrease in blood glucose level and shifts of the gut microbiome in both type 1 and type 2 mice. Funding Sources National watermelon board grant.

Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (Crassulaceae) Exerts Antidiabetic Activity by Improving Glucose and Lipid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyuneui Jeong ◽  
Jong-Won Kim ◽  
Daram Yang ◽  
Tae-Won Jeong ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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