scholarly journals Current Status of Proteomic Technologies for Discovering and Identifying Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers for Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachio Tsuchida ◽  
Mamoru Satoh ◽  
Masaki Takiwaki ◽  
Fumio Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in dental biofilms. To eliminate the bacteria, immune system cells release substances that inflame and damage the gums, periodontal ligament, or alveolar bone, leading to swollen bleeding gums, which is a sign of gingivitis. Damage from periodontal disease can cause teeth to loosen also. Studies have demonstrated the proteomic approach to be a promising tool for the discovery and identification of biochemical markers of periodontal diseases. Recently, many studies have applied expression proteomics to identify proteins whose expression levels are altered by disease. As a fluid lying in close proximity to the periodontal tissue, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the principal target in the search for periodontal disease biomarkers because its protein composition may reflect the disease pathophysiology. Biochemical marker analysis of GCF is effective for objective diagnosis in the early and advanced stages of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are also promising targets for proteomics, and several groups, including ours, have applied proteomics in the search for GCF biomarkers of periodontal diseases. This search is of continuing interest in the field of experimental and clinical periodontal disease research. In this article, we summarize the current situation of proteomic technologies to discover and identify GCF biomarkers for periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Possible interaction between visfatin, periodontal infection, and other systemic diseases: A brief review of literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Bayani ◽  
Mohammad Pourali ◽  
Mohammad Keivan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Periodontal Infection ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Visfatin Level ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACTGingivitis and periodontitis are common bacterial infections caused by a variety of microorganisms. Despite the microorganisms' roles as etiologic agents, inflammation-induced substances also have crucial parts in the loss of connective tissue and the supporting alveolar bone. Visfatin is a pleiotropic mediator, which acts as growth factor, cytokine, and pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor. A positive correlation was detected between the serum/plasma levels of visfatin and inflammatory disorders such as diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the visfatin level was higher in saliva and the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of subjects with periodontal disease. This review defined current, predictable patterns of possible interaction of visfatin with periodontal infection and other systemic diseases, using PubMed and Medline databases searching for articles written in English. Peer-reviewed articles were targeted using the following keywords: “visfatin,” “periodontal disease,” “inflammatory mediator,” and “biomarker.” Available full-text articles were read, and related articles were also scrutinized, while a hand search was also performed. Search was confined to human studies, and articles written in English and published between 1985 and 2016 were selected. It was concluded that periodontal infection and other systemic diseases could be related to the levels of visfatin in GCF, saliva, and serum as a biomarker of these diseases.

scholarly journals Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti ◽  
Banun Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Mineral Levels

Background: Menopause is a phase of a woman’s life marked by menstruation cycle cessation and an increased risk of periodontal disease. It can be caused by estrogen deficiency which alters the microenvironment in the sulcular gingival area and influences the composition and flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF has been widely studied as a non-invasive diagnostic and predictive tool for periodontal diseases. However, insufficient reports exist that explore its role as a predictive or diagnostic tool for bone loss detection in menopausal women. Purpose: This study aimed was to investigate deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and mineral levels that could be utilized as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal disease. Methods: This study represents a form of analytical observation. Eighty-four patients of the Dental Hospital, University of Jember who fulfilled certain criteria were recruited. The subjects were divided into two main groups based on the presence of periodontal disease, (gingivitis=26; periodontitis=58) which were subsequently divided into three sub-groups based on their menopausal phase (pre-menopausal=26; perimenopausal=40; post-menopausal=18). GCF was collected using paper points from the buccal site of a posterior maxillary tooth with each subject having their GCF taken on only one occasion. DPD analysis was conducted by means of an ELISA test. The analysis of calcium, magnesium and sodium incorporated the use of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope (AAS), while that of phosphor was by means of a spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using a comparison and correlation test (p<0.05). Results: There were significant differences in DPD and the mineral level of GCF in menopausal women with periodontal diseases (p<0.05). DPD and mineral levels showed significant correlation to those of menopausal women with periodontal diseases and a pH of GCF. Conclusion: DPD and mineral level in GCF could be used as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Nazar Majeed ◽  
Koshy Philip ◽  
A. M. Alabsi ◽  
Saravanan Pushparajan ◽  
Dasan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages.Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique.Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis.Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease.Conclusion. IL-1βcan be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.

Gingivitis in Mice and the Role of Angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Saghiri ◽  
Mona Momeni Moghadam ◽  
Amir Fakharzadeh ◽  
Steven M Morgano ◽  
Armen Asatourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Periodontal Pocket ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Angiogenic Proteins ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Abstract Background Gingivitis is the first step in an abnormal oral condition, which degrades connective tissue and eventually converts to periodontal diseases leading to alveolar bone and tooth loss. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Bcl-2 are key regulators of angiogenesis. The transition from gingivitis into periodontitis has four stages and disease progression depends very heavily on changes to the surrounding vasculature structures. We hypothesized that vascular dysfunction plays an important role in the progression of gingivitis. Here we have measured Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) levels in TSP1 and Bcl-2-deficient mice, in which vascular structures are affected, while also looking at the roles that age and gender play in this process. Methods Thirty mice (15 males and 15 females) were divided into three groups of ten (n=10): group A (WT), group B (TSP1 -/-), and group C (Bcl-2 -/-) were subjected to collection of Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF). Saliva was collected from different groups of mice after subcutaneous injection of pilocarpine. For the WT group, GCF was monitored for 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks and the contribution of age was also considered. RESULTS: Samples from Bcl-2 -/- mice showed significantly lower levels of GCF and salivary secretions, while TSP1-/- mice were larger and secreted more saliva. Moreover, the TSP1-/- mice GCF level was significantly higher than that of both the WT and Bcl-2 -/- mice. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of Bcl-2 and TSP1 significantly affects the amount of GCF flow in mice. This current study confirms the important role that alteration of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors can play in the progression of gingivitis and in the amount of salivary secretions. Thus, this type of modulation of angiogenic proteins provides a great opportunity and a novel platform for developing enhanced oral care products of the future. TSP1 showed significantly more saliva secretion, and a larger volume of periodontal pocket. This means that higher level saliva secretion can affect periodontal pocket volume and eventually oral hygiene.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms of IL-17A and IL-17F in Periodontal Disease: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Maha Abdelkawy ◽  
Nayroz Abdelfattah ◽  
Olfat Shaker
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Taqman Assay ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Receptor Activator ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Control Study

Background: Increased interleukin-17 (IL-17) leads to the production of proinflammatory mediators and increases local inflammation. Interleukin-17 may also promote receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression on gingival fibroblasts, T cells, and B cells, resulting in alveolar bone resorption. Interleukin-17A and IL-17F levels in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), were found to be elevated in periodontitis patients. Thus, IL-17A and IL-17F polymorphisms were hypothesized to be associated with a risk of periodontitis. Methods: The present study was conducted on 60 subjects, including 20 stage II grade B periodontitis patients, 20 stage III grade C periodontitis patients, and 20 healthy controls. Blood samples were drawn from the subjects and analyzed for IL-17A G-197A and IL-17F 7488T/C genetic polymorphisms using the TaqMan assay. Results: There was a significant statistical difference between the distribution of the different genotypes and the different alleles in the three groups for IL-17A G-197A with the A allele presence indicating a risk of periodontitis. Conclusions: Interleukin-17A G-197A polymorphism is significantly associated with different clinical forms of periodontitis in the Egyptian population. The A allele could be considered a risk factor for periodontal diseases.

Salivary Diagnosis - Clinical Uses in Assessing Oral Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Florentina Rus ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
Brandusa Mocanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Oral Inflammation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The past decades demonstrated that saliva and its components represent a remarkable diagnosis fluid with valuable clinical uses for both oral and systemic diseases. At the same time it is well established that oxidative stress is involved in a wide number of pathologies, including periodontitis. The specific aim of the present study which included 50 subjects is to determine if saliva can be used in clinical settings to correlate oxidative stress and tissue destruction markers with the severity of periodontal disease. An important oxidative stress marker - 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and a collagen degradation marker - beta-crosslaps (b-CTX) were quantified in both saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using ELISA kits and were found to be significantly increased in the chronic periodontitis group when compared to respective controls (p[0.05). At the same time positive correlations were observed between whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (p[0.05). Significant correlations were also determined between GCF and salivary markers and clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Present results demonstrate that saliva and its components can successfully be used in clinical settings and represents a reliable tool for assessing periodontal disease severity.

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