scholarly journals Identification of Gingival Crevicular Fluid Sampling, Analytical Methods, and Oral Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyad Nazar Majeed ◽  
Koshy Philip ◽  
A. M. Alabsi ◽  
Saravanan Pushparajan ◽  
Dasan Swaminathan
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Precise Method ◽  
Biomarker Analysis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background. Several studies in the last decades have focused on finding a precise method for the diagnosis of periodontal disease in its early stages.Aim. To evaluate from current scientific literature the most common and precise method for gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) sample collection, biomarker analytical methods, and the variability of biomarker quantification, even when using the same analytical technique.Methodology. An electronic search was conducted on in vivo studies that presented clinical data on techniques used for GCF collection and biomarker analysis.Results. The results showed that 71.1%, 24.7%, and 4.1% of the studies used absorption, microcapillary, and washing techniques, respectively, in their gingival crevicular fluid collection. 73.1% of the researchers analyzed their samples by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 22.6%, 19.5%, and 18.5% of the researchers included interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), respectively, in their studies as biomarkers for periodontal disease.Conclusion. IL-1βcan be considered among the most common biomarkers that give precise results and can be used as an indicator of periodontal disease progression. Furthermore, paper strips are the most convenient and accurate method for gingival crevicular fluid collection, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be considered the most conventional method for the diagnosis of biofluids.

scholarly journals Effect of Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy on Crevicular Fluid and Serum Glutathione Peroxidase Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Pradeep Patel ◽  
Nishanth S. Rao ◽  
A. R. Pradeep
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Background: Plasma glutathione peroxidase (eGPx) is an important selenium containing antioxidant in human defense against oxidative stress. While crevicular fluid (GCF) eGPx levels and its association with periodontal disease is well documented, there is no data on correlation of GCF and serum eGPx levels in chronic periodontitis. Hence this study was undertaken to further probe into the role of oxidative stress in periodontal diseases and effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) by correlating GCF and serum levels of eGPx.Materials and methods: Thirty subjects (16-Males and 14-Females; age: 30–38 years) participated in the study. The subjects were divided, based on gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level into: Healthy (group-1,n=10), Gingivitis (group-2,n=10) and Periodontitis (group-3,n=10). Chronic periodontitis patients after NSPT constituted group 4. GCF and serum samples collected from each subject were quantified for eGPx levels using Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay.Results: The mean eGPx concentrations increased from health (14.01 ng/μl and 78.26 ng/ml) to gingivitis (22.86 ng/μl and 90.44 ng/ml) and then to periodontitis (29.89 ng/μl and 103.43 ng/ml), in GCF and serum respectively. After NSPT, there was statistically significant reduction in eGPx concentration in GCF and serum (19.41 ng/μl and 85.21 ng/ml). Further, all the GCF eGPx values showed a positive correlation to that of serum eGPx level.Conclusion: Thus, increased eGPx concentration in GCF can be considered as an indicator of local increase in oxidative stress. While, increase in serum eGPx levels indicates that periodontal disease can also lead to increased oxidative stress at the systemic level.

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Fluid Calprotectin, Osteocalcin and Cross-Linked N-Terminal Telopeptid Levels in Health and Different Periodontal Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sema Becerik ◽  
Beral Afacan ◽  
Veli Özgen Öztürk ◽  
Harika Atmaca ◽  
Gülnur Emingil
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
First Time

Aim:The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) calprotectin, osteocalcin and cross-linked N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in health along with different periodontal diseases.Material and methods:Twenty chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 gingivitis and 20 healthy subjects were included. Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and papillary bleeding index was recorded. GCF calprotectin, osteocalcin and NTx levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CP, G-AgP and gingivitis groups had higher GCF calprotectin total amount compared to healthy subjects (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had similar, but higher levels compared to gingivitis groups (p< 0.008). CP and G-AgP groups had lower GCF osteocalcin total amount compared to gingivitis and healthy groups (p< 0.008). CP group had higher GCF NTx but lower osteocalcin total amount and osteocalcin/NTx ratio than the G-AgP group (p< 0.008)Conclusions:Our results suggest that elevated GCF calprotectin levels play a role as a reliable inflammatory marker in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Fluctuating GCF levels of osteocalcin and NTx might point out to the abnormal bone turnover in periodontitis. Our data document for the first time the role of NTx in the pathogenesis of different periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Deoxypyridinoline and mineral levels in gingival crevicular fluid as disorder indicators of menopausal women with periodontal disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Agustin Wulan Suci Dharmayanti ◽  
Banun Kusumawardani
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Mineral Levels

Background: Menopause is a phase of a woman’s life marked by menstruation cycle cessation and an increased risk of periodontal disease. It can be caused by estrogen deficiency which alters the microenvironment in the sulcular gingival area and influences the composition and flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). GCF has been widely studied as a non-invasive diagnostic and predictive tool for periodontal diseases. However, insufficient reports exist that explore its role as a predictive or diagnostic tool for bone loss detection in menopausal women. Purpose: This study aimed was to investigate deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and mineral levels that could be utilized as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal disease. Methods: This study represents a form of analytical observation. Eighty-four patients of the Dental Hospital, University of Jember who fulfilled certain criteria were recruited. The subjects were divided into two main groups based on the presence of periodontal disease, (gingivitis=26; periodontitis=58) which were subsequently divided into three sub-groups based on their menopausal phase (pre-menopausal=26; perimenopausal=40; post-menopausal=18). GCF was collected using paper points from the buccal site of a posterior maxillary tooth with each subject having their GCF taken on only one occasion. DPD analysis was conducted by means of an ELISA test. The analysis of calcium, magnesium and sodium incorporated the use of an Atomic Absorption Spectroscope (AAS), while that of phosphor was by means of a spectrophotometer. Statistical analyses were performed using a comparison and correlation test (p<0.05). Results: There were significant differences in DPD and the mineral level of GCF in menopausal women with periodontal diseases (p<0.05). DPD and mineral levels showed significant correlation to those of menopausal women with periodontal diseases and a pH of GCF. Conclusion: DPD and mineral level in GCF could be used as disorder indicators in menopausal women with periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals An Evaluation and Correlation of Leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Vinay Vadvadgi ◽  
Neeta Padmawar
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT Background and objective Plasma leptin is associated in patients with inflammatory diseases. A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration of human leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum within healthy and diseased gingiva, further to explore the possibility of using the levels of leptin in GCF and serum as a biochemical marker of periodontal disease progression. Materials and methods Ninety subjects were selected with age (30-39 years) and sex (15 males and 15 females) matched, to eliminate age and sex as confounders. The subjects were divided into three groups consisting of 30 subjects in each group based on the clinical and radiological parameters; healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II), periodontitis (group III), from whom the GCF samples were collected with Periopaper GCF collection strips (Proflow, Amityville, NY, USA) for 30 seconds and blood samples with 20-gauge needle syringe respectively. Leptin concentration was determined from individual GCF and serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The highest mean leptin concentration in GCF was observed in group I (2,664.30 pg/ml ± 324.73) and least mean leptin concentration was obtained in group III (1,309.43 pg/ml ± 202.45). The mean concentration of group II (1,639.43 pg/ml ± 344.46) was intermediate between the highest and lowest values. In contrast, the highest mean leptin concentration in serum was obtained for group III (12,086.57 pg/ml ± 1,698.23) and least mean leptin concentration was obtained for group I (8,715.09 pg/ml ± 1,649.19). The mean concentration of the group II (10,694.01 pg/ml ± 1,777.72) were intermediate between the highest and lowest values. Conclusion The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in the GCF leptin concentration and increase in serum leptin concentration as the periodontal disease progressed. How to cite this article Vadvadgi VH, Saini R, Padmawar N. An Evaluation and Correlation of Leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):93-97.

scholarly journals Current Status of Proteomic Technologies for Discovering and Identifying Gingival Crevicular Fluid Biomarkers for Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachio Tsuchida ◽  
Mamoru Satoh ◽  
Masaki Takiwaki ◽  
Fumio Nomura
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Proteomic Approach ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontal disease is caused by bacteria in dental biofilms. To eliminate the bacteria, immune system cells release substances that inflame and damage the gums, periodontal ligament, or alveolar bone, leading to swollen bleeding gums, which is a sign of gingivitis. Damage from periodontal disease can cause teeth to loosen also. Studies have demonstrated the proteomic approach to be a promising tool for the discovery and identification of biochemical markers of periodontal diseases. Recently, many studies have applied expression proteomics to identify proteins whose expression levels are altered by disease. As a fluid lying in close proximity to the periodontal tissue, the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is the principal target in the search for periodontal disease biomarkers because its protein composition may reflect the disease pathophysiology. Biochemical marker analysis of GCF is effective for objective diagnosis in the early and advanced stages of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are also promising targets for proteomics, and several groups, including ours, have applied proteomics in the search for GCF biomarkers of periodontal diseases. This search is of continuing interest in the field of experimental and clinical periodontal disease research. In this article, we summarize the current situation of proteomic technologies to discover and identify GCF biomarkers for periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals IL-17 and IL-11 GCF Levels in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis Patients: Relation to PCR Bacterial Detection

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat G. Shaker ◽  
Noha A. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria.Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction.Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups(P<0.001). The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group(P<0.001). The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups(P<0.05). Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity ofP. gingivalisin the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients.Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.

Salivary Diagnosis - Clinical Uses in Assessing Oral Inflammation

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Ioana Stanescu ◽  
Alexandra Totan ◽  
Florentina Rus ◽  
Daniela Miricescu ◽  
Brandusa Mocanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Oral Inflammation ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The past decades demonstrated that saliva and its components represent a remarkable diagnosis fluid with valuable clinical uses for both oral and systemic diseases. At the same time it is well established that oxidative stress is involved in a wide number of pathologies, including periodontitis. The specific aim of the present study which included 50 subjects is to determine if saliva can be used in clinical settings to correlate oxidative stress and tissue destruction markers with the severity of periodontal disease. An important oxidative stress marker - 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and a collagen degradation marker - beta-crosslaps (b-CTX) were quantified in both saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) using ELISA kits and were found to be significantly increased in the chronic periodontitis group when compared to respective controls (p[0.05). At the same time positive correlations were observed between whole saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (p[0.05). Significant correlations were also determined between GCF and salivary markers and clinical parameters of periodontal disease. Present results demonstrate that saliva and its components can successfully be used in clinical settings and represents a reliable tool for assessing periodontal disease severity.

Gingival Health of Porcelain Laminate Veneered Teeth: A Retrospective Assessment

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 452-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Arif ◽  
JB Dennison ◽  
D Garcia ◽  
P Yaman
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

SUMMARY Statement of Problem: The long-term effect of the presence of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) on the health of the surrounding gingival issues is not available in the restorative literature. Purpose: To assess the long-term effect of PLVs on the health of the surrounding gingival tissues. A secondary aim was to correlate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) scores with clinical parameters used for gingival health assessment in teeth treated with PLVs. Methods and Materials: Patients who received PLVs placed at the Graduate Restorative Clinic within a seven- to 14-year period were recalled for clinical evaluations. Periodontal measurements including gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were measured using a standard probe and indices. Gingival Crevicular Fluid (GCF) was measured with a Periotron machine (Periotron 8000, Oraflow Inc), using Periopaper (Periopaper Gingival Fluid Collection Strip, Oraflow Inc.) for fluid collection. Photographs of any observed clinical defect were taken. Data were tabulated using Excel 2010 (Microsoft Corp). Statistical analysis for all descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS 21 (SPSS Software, IBM Corp.) and Stata SE 13 (Stata Software, StataCorp). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to test for statistical significance of the mean pocket depths between the restored and unrestored surfaces of the veneered teeth. The significance level for all tests was p&lt;0.05. Pearson's correlation coefficient was performed for testing statistical significance between GCF and GI and between GCF and PPD. Results: The frequency distribution of the GI included 47 PLVs (43%) with normal gingiva, 16 (15%) with mild inflammation, and 46 (42%) with moderate inflammation and bleeding on probing. The average PPD on the facial surface of the maxillary and mandibular PLVs was 2.17 mm and 2.16 mm, respectively. On the lingual surface, the average PPD was 2.10 mm for maxillary and 2.22 mm for mandibular PLVs. Gingival recession was seen in 27% of the evaluated PLVs. The repeated-measures ANOVA revealed p≥0.136, showing no statistical difference in the mean pocket depths between restored facial and unrestored lingual surfaces of the veneered teeth. A moderate correlation (r=0.407) was found between GCF and GI, which was significant at p&lt;0.001. No correlation (r=0.124) was found between GCF and PPD, which was not significant at p=0.197. Conclusions: Gingival response to the evaluated PLVs was in the satisfactory range, with overall GI scores ranging between normal and moderate inflammation, pocket depths ranging from 1 to 2 mm, and recession present in 27% of the evaluated PLVs. No statistically significant difference was found between the mean pocket depths of the restored and unrestored surfaces of veneered teeth (p≥0.136). A moderate correlation was found between GCF and GI.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document