scholarly journals Bactericidal and Cytotoxic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengzhu Liao ◽  
Yuchao Li ◽  
Sie Tjong
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Wound Dressings ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be synthesized from a variety of techniques including physical, chemical and biological routes. They have been widely used as nanomaterials for manufacturing cosmetic and healthcare products, antimicrobial textiles, wound dressings, antitumor drug carriers, etc. due to their excellent antimicrobial properties. Accordingly, AgNPs have gained access into our daily life, and the inevitable human exposure to these nanoparticles has raised concerns about their potential hazards to the environment, health, and safety in recent years. From in vitro cell cultivation tests, AgNPs have been reported to be toxic to several human cell lines including human bronchial epithelial cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, red blood cells, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, immortal human keratinocytes, liver cells, etc. AgNPs induce a dose-, size- and time-dependent cytotoxicity, particularly for those with sizes ≤10 nm. Furthermore, AgNPs can cross the brain blood barrier of mice through the circulation system on the basis of in vivo animal tests. AgNPs tend to accumulate in mice organs such as liver, spleen, kidney and brain following intravenous, intraperitoneal, and intratracheal routes of administration. In this respect, AgNPs are considered a double-edged sword that can eliminate microorganisms but induce cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. This article provides a state-of-the-art review on the synthesis of AgNPs, and their applications in antimicrobial textile fabrics, food packaging films, and wound dressings. Particular attention is paid to the bactericidal activity and cytotoxic effect in mammalian cells.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Fumarate Reductase inLeishmania major and L. donovani by Chalcones

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 2023-2029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Chen ◽  
Lin Zhai ◽  
Søren Brøgger Christensen ◽  
Thor G. Theander ◽  
Arsalan Kharazmi
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Leishmania Major ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Fumarate Reductase ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Licochalcone A

ABSTRACT Our previous studies have shown that chalcones exhibit potent antileishmanial and antimalarial activities in vitro and in vivo. Preliminary studies showed that these compounds destroyed the ultrastructure of Leishmania parasite mitochondria and inhibited the respiration and the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenases of Leishmania parasites. The present study was designed to further investigate the mechanism of action of chalcones, focusing on the parasite respiratory chain. The data show that licochalcone A inhibited the activity of fumarate reductase (FRD) in the permeabilized Leishmania major promastigote and in the parasite mitochondria, and it also inhibited solubilized FRD and a purified FRD from L. donovani. Two other chalcones, 2,4-dimethoxy-4′-allyloxychalcone (24m4ac) and 2,4-dimethoxy-4′-butoxychalcone (24mbc), also exhibited inhibitory effects on the activity of solubilized FRD in L. majorpromastigotes. Although licochalcone A inhibited the activities of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), NADH dehydrogenase (NDH), and succinate- and NADH-cytochrome c reductases in the parasite mitochondria, the 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of licochalcone A for these enzymes were at least 20 times higher than that for FRD. The IC50 of licochalcone A for SDH and NDH in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were at least 70 times higher than that for FRD. These findings indicate that FRD, one of the enzymes of the parasite respiratory chain, might be the specific target for the chalcones tested. Since FRD exists in the Leishmaniaparasite and does not exist in mammalian cells, it could be an excellent target for antiprotozoal drugs.

scholarly journals Interleukin-1 induces interleukin-8 secretion from endothelial cells by a juxtacrine mechanism

Blood ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 4242-4248 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Kaplanski ◽  
C Farnarier ◽  
S Kaplanski ◽  
R Porat ◽  
L Shapiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Facs Analysis ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Inflammation is characterized by migration of neutrophils through the endothelium, and the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) appears to be involved. We asked whether adherence of cells bearing a membrane-form of interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces IL-8 secretion from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and fibroblasts. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with endotoxin for 12 hours and then fixed for 4 hours with paraformaldehyde. When these cells were added to HUVEC or fibroblasts, IL-8 production was induced. This stimulation by fixed PBMC was attributed to IL-1, because pretreatment of HUVEC or fibroblasts with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) reduced the induction by 95% and 80%, respectively, P < .005. Using anti-IL-1 alpha monoclonal antibodies, reduction was complete, whereas anti-IL-1 beta had no effect. IL-1 alpha was shown on the surface of monocytes by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Blockade of IL-1 receptors on PBMC did not affect the activity of membrane-associated IL- 1 alpha, indicating that IL-1 is not anchored to the membrane through its receptors. However, PBMC treated with D-mannose before fixation resulted in a loss of activity; this loss of activity was associated with release of IL-1 alpha, not IL-1 beta, into the supernatant. Thus, anchoring of IL-1 alpha to the membrane may be via a lectin or mannose receptor-like interaction. Blockade of membrane IL-1 alpha required a 30-fold and fivefold excess of IL-1Ra compared with the amount required to block soluble IL-1 beta and IL-1 alpha, respectively. We conclude that the fixed PBMC IL-8 inducing activity is almost entirely caused by IL-1, that this represents IL-1 alpha bound to a surface lectin or mannose receptor on the monocyte, and that it functions in inflammation via juxtacrine interactions.

Synthesis of a Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody to the Human Sodium-Dependent Multivitamin Transporter

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Griffin ◽  
Steven Stanley ◽  
Janos Zempleni
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Rabbit Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
And Function

In mammalian cells, biotin is covalently attached to carboxylases and histones and is required for cell proliferation and function. Cellular uptake of biotin (as well as pantothenic acid and lipoic acid) is mediated by the sodium-dependent multivitamin transporter, SMVT. Studies of cellular biotin homeostasis have been hampered by the lack of an antibody to SMVT. Here, we describe the synthesis of a rabbit polyclonal antibody to human SMVT. Using this antibody, SMVT has been identified in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Caco-2 cells, and HepG2 cells. Moreover, we observed that cells respond to proliferation with increased synthesis of SMVT.

scholarly journals Surface Stabilization Affects Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1390
Author(s):  
Barbara Vuković ◽  
Marija Milić ◽  
Blaženka Dobrošević ◽  
Mirta Milić ◽  
Krunoslav Ilić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Mitochondrial Membrane ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Immune ◽  
Positively Charged

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most investigated metal-based nanomaterials. Their biocidal activity boosted their application in both diagnostic and therapeutic medical systems. It is therefore crucial to provide sound evidences for human-related safety of AgNPs. This study aimed to enhance scientific knowledge with regard to biomedical safety of AgNPs by investigating how their different surface properties affect human immune system. Methods: preparation, characterization and stability evaluation was performed for four differently coated AgNPs encompassing neutral, positive and negative agents used for their surface stabilization. Safety aspects were evaluated by testing interaction of AgNPs with fresh human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) by means of particle cellular uptake and their ability to trigger cell death, apoptosis and DNA damages through induction of oxidative stress and damages of mitochondrial membrane. Results: all tested AgNPs altered morphology of freshly isolated hPBMC inducing apoptosis and cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Highest toxicity was observed for positively-charged and protein-coated AgNPs. Cellular uptake of AgNPs was also dose-dependently increased and highest for positively charged AgNPs. Intracellularly, AgNPs induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damaged mitochondrial membrane. Depending on the dose, all AgNPs exhibited genotoxic potential. Conclusions: this study provides systematic and comprehensive data showing how differently functionalized AgNPs may affect the human immune system. Presented results are a valuable scientific contribution to safety assessment of nanosilver-based blood-contacting medical products.

scholarly journals Potato Crop as a Source of Emetic Bacillus cereus and Cereulide-Induced Mammalian Cell Toxicity

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (12) ◽  
pp. 3534-3543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douwe Hoornstra ◽  
Maria A. Andersson ◽  
Vera V. Teplova ◽  
Raimo Mikkola ◽  
Liisa M. Uotila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Dna Fingerprint ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cell Extracts

ABSTRACTBacillus cereus, aseptically isolated from potato tubers, were screened for cereulide production and for toxicity on human and other mammalian cells. The cereulide-producing isolates grew slowly, the colonies remained small (∼1 mm), tested negative for starch hydrolysis, and varied in productivity from 1 to 100 ng of cereulide mg (wet weight)−1(∼0.01 to 1 ng per 105CFU). By DNA-fingerprint analysis, the isolates matchedB. cereusF5881/94, connected to human food-borne illness, but were distinct from cereulide-producing endophytes of spruce tree (Picea abies). Exposure to cell extracts (1 to 10 μg of bacterial biomass ml−1) and to purified cereulide (0.4 to 7 ng ml−1) from the potato isolates caused mitochondrial depolarization (loss of ΔΨm) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), porcine spermatozoa and kidney tubular epithelial cells (PK-15), murine fibroblasts (L-929), and pancreatic insulin-producing cells (MIN-6). Cereulide (10 to 20 ng ml−1) exposed pancreatic islets (MIN-6) disintegrated into small pyknotic cells, followed by necrotic death. Necrotic death in other test cells was observed only after a 2-log-higher exposure. Exposure to 30 to 60 ng of cereulide ml−1induced K+translocation in intact, live PBMC, keratinocytes, and sperm cells within seconds of exposure, depleting 2 to 10% of the cellular K+stores within 10 min. The ability of cereulide to transfer K+ions across biological membranes may benefit the producer bacterium in K+-deficient environments such as extracellular spaces inside plant tissue but is a pathogenic trait when in contact with mammalian cells.

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