scholarly journals Scutellaria baicalensis Alleviates Insulin Resistance in Diet-Induced Obese Mice by Modulating Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Young Na ◽  
Byung-Cheol Lee
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Epididymal Fat

Insulin resistance is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome, and chronic inflammation is known to be a major mechanism of insulin resistance and is a therapeutic target. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin-resistant mice and to investigate its mechanism based on inflammatory responses. Mice were fed a HFD to induce insulin resistance and then administered SB for nine weeks. Body weight, glucose, lipid, insulin, epididymal fat pad and liver weights, and histologic characteristics were evaluated to determine the effect on insulin resistance. In order to evaluate the effects on the inflammatory process, we analyzed the proportions of macrophages in liver and epididymal fat and measured inflammatory gene expression. Fasting and postprandial glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were significantly decreased by SB administration. The epididymal fat and liver showed significant weight decreases and histological improvements. Total adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) decreased (27.71 ± 3.47% vs. 45.26 ± 7.26%, p < 0.05), M2 ATMs increased (47.02 ± 6.63% vs. 24.28 ± 8.00%, p < 0.05), and CD11b+ Kupffer cells decreased. The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and F4/80 in the liver were significantly decreased (12.03 ± 1.47% vs. 25.88 ± 4.57%, p < 0.05) compared to HFD group. These results suggest that SB improved insulin resistance through inhibition of macrophage-mediated inflammation.

scholarly journals Dietary Strawberries Improve Insulin Resistance in Adults with the Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 388-388
Author(s):  
Dustin Davis ◽  
Hal Scofield ◽  
Nancy Betts ◽  
Kenneth Izuora ◽  
Arpita Basu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Improve Insulin Resistance ◽  
Freeze Dried

Abstract Objectives Dietary berries have been shown to lower cardio-metabolic risks in clinical trials. We examined the dose-response effects of two dietary achievable doses of strawberries on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and insulin resistance in adults with metabolic syndrome. Methods In this 14-week randomized controlled crossover study, adults with metabolic syndrome were assigned to one of the three arms for 4 weeks separated by a one-week washout period: control powder, one serving strawberries (13 g powder/day), and 2.5 servings strawberries (32 g powder/day). The freeze-dried powders were blended in water, and participants consumed half the daily dose in the morning and half in the evening. Participants were instructed to follow their usual diet and lifestyle while refraining from consuming other berries and related products throughout the study. Results Thirty participants completed all three phases of the trial (baseline profiles: weight: 90.8 ± 22.4 kg, BMI: 33.1 ± 4.2 kg/m2, waist circumference: 109 ± 12.5 cm, HbA1c : 5.8 ± 0.2%). Outcome measures were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance with statistical significance set at P &lt; 0.05. Preliminary data indicate a significant reduction in the homeostatic model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) following the 2.5 servings strawberries when compared to the 1 serving strawberry and control phases. Glucose and conventional lipid profiles did not differ among groups. Small LDL particle concentration (nuclear magnetic resonance-determined) was significantly decreased in the high dose strawberry group compared to baseline and one-serving group (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions These data suggest that consuming strawberries at 2.5 servings daily for four weeks significantly improved insulin resistance and LDL particle profile in adults with metabolic syndrome. Funding Sources Supported by the California Strawberry Commission.

Enzymatically hydrolyzed low-density lipoprotein modulates inflammatory responses in endothelial cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (12) ◽  
pp. 1146-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Fenske ◽  
Katrin Dersch ◽  
Cornelia Lux ◽  
Lisa Zipse ◽  
Prapat Suriyaphol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Activator Protein 1 ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays

SummaryThere is evidence that low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is modified by hydrolytic enzymes,and that the product (E-LDL) induces selective production of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in endothelial cells. Since nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) is a major regulator of IL-8 transcription, we studied its activation in endothelial cells treated with E-LDL. Unexpectedly,the modified lipoprotein not only failed to activate NF-κB, but completely blocked its activation by tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in EA.hy926-cells, as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and immunofluorescence. Inhibition occurred upstream of NF-κB translocation, as inhibitor of NF-κB- (IκB)-phosphorylation was suppressed by E-LDL. In contrast to NF-κB,transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) proved to be activated. Removal of free fatty acids present in E-LDL obliterated both activation of AP-1 and inhibition of NF-κB. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that phosphorylated c-jun, but not NF-κBp65 bound to the natural IL-8 promoter. Production of endothelial IL-8 and simultaneous modulation of NF-κB in response to hydrolyzed LDL might serve to protect the vessel wall and promote silent removal of the insudated lipoprotein.

Low density lipoprotein particle size and risk factors of insulin resistance syndrome

2000 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yechiel Friedlander ◽  
Miriam Kidron ◽  
Muriel Caslake ◽  
Tracey Lamb ◽  
Michael McConnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle ◽  
Lipoprotein Particle Size

scholarly journals Decreased sensitivity of very-low-density lipoprotein secretion to the inhibitory effect of insulin in cultured hepatocytes from lactating rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine S. BOURGEOIS ◽  
Geoffrey F. GIBBONS
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Lactating Mammary Gland

Hepatocytes were prepared from 10–11-day lactating rat dams and from lactating dams which had been weaned for periods of either 1–2 days or 7 days. Hepatocytes from each group were cultured for periods of up to 48 h in a chemically defined medium. Compared with those from the 7-day weaned animals, hepatocytes from the lactating rats were resistant to the inhibitory effects of insulin on the secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) triacylglycerol (TAG). These differences persisted for up to 48 h in culture. Hepatocytes from the 1–2-day weaned animals remained relatively insulin-resistant in this respect. Similar differences in the response to insulin were not observed for the secretion of VLDL apolipoprotein B. TAG production increased and ketogenesis decreased in the hepatocytes from the lactating compared with those from the 7-day weaned rats. Insensitivity of the liver to the normal effects of insulin on the secretion of VLDL TAG may arise from a need to maintain an adequate flux of hepatic lipids to the lactating mammary gland in order to meet the large demand for milk-fat production.

scholarly journals Metabolic Actions of a Supplement of Ilex Paraguariensis (An Extract of the Leaf Standardized to 2% I-Deoxinojirimcina), White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate in Nondiabetic Subects with Dysglycemia: A Randomized Trial

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Derosa ◽  
Angela D’Angelo ◽  
Pamela Maffioli
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Glycemic Status ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
White Mulberry

Aim: To prove if a nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis (Ilex L. spp. Aquifoliales) (an extract of the leaf standardized to 2% I-deoxinojirimcina), white mulberry (Morus spp., Moraceae), and chromium picolinate can be effective in improving glycemic status in subject with dysglycemia. Methods: We randomized patients to consume placebo or the nutraceutical, self-administered once a day, one tablet at breakfast, for 3 months. Results: A reduction in fasting plasma glucose, postprandial glucose, and glycated hemoglobin was observed with the nutraceutical combination, both compared to baseline and placebo. Data suggested a decrease in the Homeostasis Model Assessment index with the nutraceutical, both compared to baseline and placebo. The M value, an index of insulin sensitivity, obtained after nutraceutical treatment was higher compared to baseline. We recorded a decrease in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, and triglycerides with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. A decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed with the nutraceutical combination compared to baseline and placebo. Conclusions: A nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry, and chromium picolinate can be helpful in improving glycemic status and lipid profile in dysglycemic subjects.

scholarly journals Female offspring born to obese and insulin-resistant dams are not at increased risk for obesity and metabolic dysfunction during early development

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanin Aburasayn ◽  
Rami Al Batran ◽  
Keshav Gopal ◽  
Malak Almutairi ◽  
Amina Eshreif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rate Versus ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Completion ◽  
Reduced Rate

The percentage of women who are obese at the time of conception or during pregnancy is increasing, with animal and human studies demonstrating that offspring born to obese dams or mothers are at increased risk for obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Our goal was to confirm in an experimental model of metabolic syndrome in the dam, whether the offspring would be at increased risk of obesity. Conversely, we observed that male offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome had no alterations in their body mass profiles, whereas female offspring born to dams with metabolic syndrome were heavier at weaning, but exhibited no perturbations in energy metabolism. Moreover, they gained weight at a reduced rate versus female offspring born to healthy dams, and thus weighed less at study completion. Hence, our findings suggest that factors other than increased adiposity and insulin resistance during pregnancy are responsible for the increased risk of obesity in children born to obese mothers.

scholarly journals Deleting myeloid IL-10 receptor signalling attenuates atherosclerosis in LDLR-/- mice by altering intestinal cholesterol fluxes

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (09) ◽  
pp. 565-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemma Brufau ◽  
Marion J. J. Gijbels ◽  
Ine M. J. Wolfs ◽  
Saskia van der Velden ◽  
Chantal C. H. Pöttgens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Liver Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
Deficient Mice

SummaryInflammatory responses and cholesterol homeostasis are interconnected in atherogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-10 is an important anti-inflammatory cytokine, known to suppress atherosclerosis development. However, the specific cell types responsible for the atheroprotective effects of IL-10 remain to be defined and knowledge on the actions of IL-10 in cholesterol homeostasis is scarce. Here we investigated the functional involvement of myeloid IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. To do so, bone marrow from IL-10 receptor 1 (IL-10R1) wild-type and myeloid IL-10R1-deficient mice was transplanted to lethally irradiated female LDLR-/- mice. Hereafter, mice were given a high cholesterol diet for 10 weeks after which atherosclerosis development and cholesterol metabolism were investigated. In vitro, myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency resulted in a pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype. However, in vivo significantly reduced lesion size and severity was observed. This phenotype was associated with lower myeloid cell accumulation and more apoptosis in the lesions. Additionally, a profound reduction in plasma and liver cholesterol was observed upon myeloid IL-10R1 deficiency, which was reflected in plaque lipid content. This decreased hypercholesterolaemia was associated with lowered very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, likely as a response to decreased intestinal cholesterol absorption. In addition, IL-10R1 deficient mice demonstrated substantially higher faecal sterol loss caused by increased non-biliary cholesterol efflux. The induction of this process was linked to impaired ACAT2-mediated esterification of liver and plasma cholesterol. Overall, myeloid cells do not contribute to IL-10-mediated atheroprotection. In addition, this study demonstrates a novel connection between IL-10-mediated inflammation and cholesterol homeostasis in atherosclerosis. These findings make us reconsider IL-10 as a beneficial influence on atherosclerosis.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.

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