scholarly journals Epigenetic Modification as a Regulatory Mechanism for Spatiotemporal Dynamics of ANO1 Expression in Salivary Glands

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonghwan Shin ◽  
Sang-Woo Lee ◽  
Eun Namkoong ◽  
Woojin An ◽  
Jong-Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cpg Islands ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern

Anoctamin1 (ANO1), a calcium activated chloride channel, is known to play a critical role in salivary secretion. In the salivary gland, ANO1 is expressed exclusively in the acinar cells, with no expression in the ductal cells. However, the mechanisms that determine this distinctive cell type-dependent expression pattern of ANO1 remain unknown. In this study, we discovered that the cell-dependent expression of ANO1 during salivary gland organogenesis is regulated by DNA methylation of ANO1 CpG islands. ANO1 CpG islands in e12 embryonic submandibular glands (eSMG) are highly methylated, but those in e14 eSMG or adult SMG are significantly unmethylated. The differential expression pattern of ANO1 in duct and acini is defined at e14. Artificial demethylation by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), induced the expression of ANO1 in both the ductal cell line Human Submandibular Gland (HSG) and in the duct cells of adult mouse SMG. During the trans-differentiation in Matrigel of duct-origin HSG cells into acinar-like phenotype, significant demethylation of ANO1 CpG islands is observed. This may be due to the reduced expression of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3a and 3b. These results suggest that the differential expression of ANO1 in salivary glands during organogenesis and differentiation is mainly regulated by epigenetic demethylation of the ANO1 gene.

scholarly journals Neurofibromin expression by normal salivary glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eloá Borges Luna ◽  
Pâmella Pinho Montovani ◽  
Rafaela Elvira Rozza-de-Menezes ◽  
Karin Soares Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Acinar Cells ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Neurofibromatosis 1 ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Sublingual Gland ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Ductal Cells

AbstractIntroductionNeurofibromin, a protein encoded by theNF1gene, is mutated in neurofibromatosis 1, one of the most common genetic diseases. Oral manifestations are common and a high prevalence of hyposalivation was recently described in individuals with neurofibromatosis 1. Although neurofibromin is ubiquitously expressed, its expression levels vary depending on the tissue type and developmental stage of the organism. The role of neurofibromin in the development, morphology, and physiology of salivary glands is unknown and a detailed expression of neurofibromin in human normal salivary glands has never been investigated.AimTo investigate the expression levels and distribution of neurofibromin in acinar and ductal cells of major and minor salivary glands of adult individuals without NF1.Material and methodTen samples of morphologically normal major and minor salivary glands (three samples of each gland: parotid, submandibular and minor salivary; and one sample of sublingual gland) from individuals without neurofibromatosis 1 were selected to assess neurofibromin expression through immunohistochemistry. Immunoquantification was performed by a digital method.ResultsNeurofibromin was expressed in the cytoplasm of both serous and mucous acinar cells, as well as in ducts from all the samples of salivary glands. Staining intensity varied from mild to strong depending on the type of salivary gland and region (acini or ducts). Ducts had higher neurofibromin expression than acinar cells (p = 0.003). There was no statistical association between the expression of neurofibromin and the type of the salivary gland, considering acini (p = 0.09) or ducts (p = 0.50) of the four salivary glands (parotid, submandibular, minor salivary, and sublingual gland). Similar results were obtained comparing the acini (p = 0.35) and ducts (p = 0.50) of minor and major salivary glands. Besides, there was no correlation between the expression of neurofibromin and age (p = 0.08), and sex (p = 0.79) of the individuals, considering simultaneously the neurofibromin levels of acini and duct (n = 34).ConclusionNeurofibromin is expressed in the cytoplasm of serous and mucous acinar cells, and ductal cells of salivary glands, suggesting that this protein is important for salivary gland function.

scholarly journals Differential Expression Pattern of C4 Bundle Sheath Expression Genes in Rice, a C3 Plant

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Nomura ◽  
Tomonori Higuchi ◽  
Yuji Ishida ◽  
Shozo Ohta ◽  
Toshihiko Komari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
C3 Plant ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern

SPM Receptor Expression and Localization in Irradiated Salivary Glands

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 523-534
Author(s):  
Harim Tavares dos Santos ◽  
Kihoon Nam ◽  
Jason P. Hunt ◽  
Luke O. Buchmann ◽  
Marcus M. Monroe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Resolution Of Inflammation ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
And Function

Radiation therapy–mediated salivary gland destruction is characterized by increased inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, both of which ultimately lead to salivary gland hypofunction. However, current treatments (e.g., artificial saliva and sialagogues) only promote temporary relief of symptoms. As such, developing alternative measures against radiation damage is critical for restoring salivary gland structure and function. One promising option for managing radiation therapy–mediated damage in salivary glands is by activation of specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors due to their demonstrated role in resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in many tissues. Nonetheless, little is known about the presence and function of these receptors in healthy and/or irradiated salivary glands. Therefore, the goal of this study was to detect whether these specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are expressed in healthy salivary glands and, if so, if they are maintained after radiation therapy–mediated damage. Our results indicate that specialized proresolving lipid mediator receptors are heterogeneously expressed in inflammatory as well as in acinar and ductal cells within human submandibular glands and that their expression persists after radiation therapy. These findings suggest that epithelial cells as well as resident immune cells represent potential targets for modulation of resolution of inflammation and fibrosis in irradiated salivary glands.

Human Kallikrein 14 (Klk14) Expression in Salivary Gland Tumors

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly N. Hashem ◽  
Thomas W. Mara ◽  
Mohamed Mohamed ◽  
Irene Zhang ◽  
Kevin Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Salivary Gland Tumors ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Ductal Cells

Objective To analyze the expression of human kallikrein 14 (KLK14) in salivary gland tumors. Methods A standard immunoperoxidase staining technique was used to assess the expression profile of KLK14 in normal salivary glands and tumors including pleomorphic adenoma (PA; n=17), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC; n=13) and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC; n=9). Tumor stage, grade, patient age and gender, and site of occurrence were recorded. These clinical parameters were correlated with KLK14 levels in malignant tumors. The expression profiles for KLK3, 5, 6, 8 and 13 were also retrieved. Results Normal salivary glands, PA, ACC and MEC showed strong expression of KLK14 in ductal and non-ductal cells. Both PA and ACC showed higher KLK14 levels than normal glands and MEC tissues. There were no statistically significant associations between levels of KLK14 and clinical parameters. Conclusions The differences in the levels of KLK14 suggest that KLKs may aid in the differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The coexpression of KLKs suggests their possible involvement in an enzymatic pathway activated in salivary gland. KLK14 may be a promising new biomarker in salivary gland tumors.

scholarly journals Differential Expression Pattern of Retinoid X Receptors in Adult Murine Testicular Cells Implies Varying Roles for these Receptors in Spermatogenesis1

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1351-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid C. Gaemers ◽  
Ans M.M. van Pelt ◽  
Paul T. van der Saag ◽  
Jos W. Hoogerbrugge ◽  
Axel P.N. Themmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Retinoid X Receptors ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Differential Expression Pattern ◽  
X Receptors
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