scholarly journals Insight into the Role of Epigenetic Processes in Abiotic and Biotic Stress Response in Wheat and Barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingyao Kong ◽  
Yanna Liu ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Epigenetic Processes

Environmental stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, freezing, heavy metal and even pathogen infections seriously threaten the growth and yield of important cereal crops including wheat and barley. There is growing evidence indicating that plants employ sophisticated epigenetic mechanisms to fine-tune their responses to environmental stresses. Here, we provide an overview of recent developments in understanding the epigenetic processes and elements—such as DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs—involved in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat and barley. Potentials of exploiting epigenetic variation for the improvement of wheat and barley are discussed.

scholarly journals The Role of Tomato WRKY Genes in Plant Responses to Combined Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Sri Sunarti ◽  
Christos Kissoudis ◽  
Richard G. F. Visser ◽  
C. G. van der Linden
Keyword(s):  
Plant Responses ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses

scholarly journals Deciphering the Epigenetic Alphabet Involved in Transgenerational Stress Memory in Crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7118
Author(s):  
Velimir Mladenov ◽  
Vasileios Fotopoulos ◽  
Eirini Kaiserli ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Stephane Maury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Cost Action ◽  
Stress Memory ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
General Aspects

Although epigenetic modifications have been intensely investigated over the last decade due to their role in crop adaptation to rapid climate change, it is unclear which epigenetic changes are heritable and therefore transmitted to their progeny. The identification of epigenetic marks that are transmitted to the next generations is of primary importance for their use in breeding and for the development of new cultivars with a broad-spectrum of tolerance/resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss general aspects of plant responses to environmental stresses and provide an overview of recent findings on the role of transgenerational epigenetic modifications in crops. In addition, we take the opportunity to describe the aims of EPI-CATCH, an international COST action consortium composed by researchers from 28 countries. The aim of this COST action launched in 2020 is: (1) to define standardized pipelines and methods used in the study of epigenetic mechanisms in plants, (2) update, share, and exchange findings in epigenetic responses to environmental stresses in plants, (3) develop new concepts and frontiers in plant epigenetics and epigenomics, (4) enhance dissemination, communication, and transfer of knowledge in plant epigenetics and epigenomics.

On the Role of Salicylic Acid in Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Hernández ◽  
Pedro Diaz-Vivancos ◽  
Gregorio Barba-Espín ◽  
María José Clemente-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Plant Responses

scholarly journals Visualization is crucial for understanding microbial processes in the ocean

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1786) ◽  
pp. 20190083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sebastián ◽  
Josep M. Gasol
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Single Cell Activity ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Do So

Recent developments in community and single-cell genomic approaches have provided an unprecedented amount of information on the ecology of microbes in the aquatic environment. However, linkages between each specific microbe's identity and their in situ level of activity (be it growth, division or just metabolic activity) are much more scarce. The ultimate goal of marine microbial ecology is to understand how the environment determines the types of different microbes in nature, their function, morphology and cell-to-cell interactions and to do so we should gather three levels of information, the genomic (including identity), the functional (activity or growth), and the morphological, and for as many individual cells as possible. We present a brief overview of methodologies applied to address single-cell activity in marine prokaryotes, together with a discussion of the difficulties in identifying and categorizing activity and growth. We then provide and discuss some examples showing how visualization has been pivotal for challenging established paradigms and for understanding the role of microbes in the environment, unveiling processes and interactions that otherwise would have been overlooked. We conclude by stating that more effort should be directed towards integrating visualization in future approaches if we want to gain a comprehensive insight into how microbes contribute to the functioning of ecosystems. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Single cell ecology’.

Heterologous expression of a plant WRKY protein confers multiple stress tolerance in E. coli Bir bitkinin heterolog ifadesi WRKY proteini çoklu stres yaratır E. coli’de tolerans

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Deeba ◽  
Tasawar Sultana ◽  
Nadia Majeed ◽  
Syed Muhammad Saqlan Naqvi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stresses ◽  
Wrky Protein ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Qpcr Analysis ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Multiple Stress Tolerance

AbstractObjectiveOsWRKY71, a WRKY protein from rice, is reported to function during biotic stresses. It is requisite to further enquire the efficiency and mechanism of OsWRKY71 under various environmental stresses. Stress indicators such as salt, cold, heat, and drought were studied by overexpressing the OsWRKY71 in E. coli.Materials and methodsDNA binding domain containing region of OsWRKY71 was cloned and expressed in E. coli followed by exposure to stress conditions. OsWRKY71 was also assessed for its role in abiotic stresses in rice by qPCR.ResultsRecombinant E. coli expressing OsWRKY71 was more tolerant to stresses such as heat, salt and drought in spot assay. The tolerance was further confirmed by monitoring the bacterial growth in liquid culture assay demonstrating that it encourages the E. coli growth under salt, drought, and heat stresses. This tolerance may be the consequence of OsWRKY71 interaction with the promoter of stress related genes or with other proteins in bacteria. The RT-qPCR analysis revealed the up-regulation of OsWRKY71 gene in rice upon interaction to cold, salt, drought and wounding with maximum up-regulation against salinity.ConclusionThus, the defensive role of OsWRKY71 may accord to the development and survival of plants during different environmental stresses.

scholarly journals Precision agriculture in Australia: present status and recent developments

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bramley ◽  
Sam Trengove
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Present Status ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Fine Tune ◽  
Reduced Risk

A brief account of the present status of Precision Agriculture (PA) in Australia is presented, and areas of opportunity in the grains, sugar and wine industries are identified. In particular, these relate to the use of spatially-distributed experimentation to fine-tune management so as to achieve production efficiencies, reduced risk of environmental impact and enhanced food security, and the management of crop quality through selective harvesting and product streaming. The latter may be an important avenue by which farmers can take a more active role in the off-farm part of agricultural value chains. The important role of grower groups in facilitating PA adoption is also discussed.

scholarly journals The pivotal function of dehydroascorbate reductase in glutathione homeostasis in plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405-3416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Ding ◽  
Bipeng Wang ◽  
Yi Han ◽  
Shengchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Reduced Form ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Sulfenic Acid ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ping Pong ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
Catalytic Cysteine ◽  
Oxidation Analysis

Abstract Under natural conditions, plants are exposed to various abiotic and biotic stresses that trigger rapid changes in the production and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The ascorbate-glutathione pathway has been recognized to be a key player in H2O2 metabolism, in which reduced glutathione (GSH) regenerates ascorbate by reducing dehydroascorbate (DHA), either chemically or via DHA reductase (DHAR), an enzyme belonging to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily. Thus, DHAR has been considered to be important in maintaining the ascorbate pool and its redox state. Although some GSTs and peroxiredoxins may contribute to GSH oxidation, analysis of Arabidopsis dhar mutants has identified the key role of DHAR in coupling H2O2 to GSH oxidation. The reaction of DHAR has been proposed to proceed by a ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free reduced form of the enzyme is followed by binding of GSH. Information from crystal structures has shed light on the formation of sulfenic acid at the catalytic cysteine of DHAR that occurs with the reduction of DHA. In this review, we discuss the molecular properties of DHAR and its importance in coupling the ascorbate and glutathione pools with H2O2 metabolism, together with its functions in plant defense, growth, and development.

scholarly journals A fluorescent hormone biosensor reveals the dynamics of jasmonate signalling in plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoine Larrieu ◽  
Antony Champion ◽  
Jonathan Legrand ◽  
Julien Lavenus ◽  
David Mast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Spatiotemporal Data ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distribution ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Response To Stress

Abstract Activated forms of jasmonic acid (JA) are central signals coordinating plant responses to stresses, yet tools to analyse their spatial and temporal distribution are lacking. Here we describe a JA perception biosensor termed Jas9-VENUS that allows the quantification of dynamic changes in JA distribution in response to stress with high spatiotemporal sensitivity. We show that Jas9-VENUS abundance is dependent on bioactive JA isoforms, the COI1 co-receptor, a functional Jas motif and proteasome activity. We demonstrate the utility of Jas9-VENUS to analyse responses to JA in planta at a cellular scale, both quantitatively and dynamically. This included using Jas9-VENUS to determine the cotyledon-to-root JA signal velocities on wounding, revealing two distinct phases of JA activity in the root. Our results demonstrate the value of developing quantitative sensors such as Jas9-VENUS to provide high-resolution spatiotemporal data about hormone distribution in response to plant abiotic and biotic stresses.

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