scholarly journals Osteoporosis and the Potential of Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iratxe Macías ◽  
Natividad Alcorta-Sevillano ◽  
Clara I. Rodríguez ◽  
Arantza Infante
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Low Bone Mass ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Decrease Bone Resorption ◽  
Potential Use

Osteoporosis, the most common chronic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility. Nowadays more than 200 million individuals are suffering from osteoporosis and still the number of affected people is dramatically increasing due to an aging population and longer life, representing a major public health problem. Current osteoporosis treatments are mainly designed to decrease bone resorption, presenting serious adverse effects that limit their safety for long-term use. Numerous studies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have helped to increase the knowledge regarding the mechanisms that underlie the progression of osteoporosis. Emerging clinical and molecular evidence suggests that inflammation exerts a significant influence on bone turnover, thereby on osteoporosis. In this regard, MSCs have proven to possess broad immunoregulatory capabilities, modulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Here, we will discuss the role that MSCs play in the etiopathology of osteoporosis and their potential use for the treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Natural Antioxidants in Anemia Treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1883
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Stomach Pain

Anemia, characterized by a decrease of the hemoglobin level in the blood and a reduction in carrying capacity of oxygen, is a major public health problem which affects people of all ages. The methods used to treat anemia are blood transfusion and oral administration of iron-based supplements, but these treatments are associated with a number of side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, constipation, and stomach pain, which limit its long-term use. In addition, oral iron supplements are poorly absorbed in the intestinal tract, due to overexpression of hepcidin, a peptide hormone that plays a central role in iron homeostasis. In this review, we conducted an analysis of the literature on biologically active compounds and plant extracts used in the treatment of various types of anemia. The purpose of this review is to provide up-to-date information on the use of these compounds and plant extracts, in order to explore their therapeutic potential. The advantage of using them is that they are available from natural resources and can be used as main, alternative, or adjuvant therapies in many diseases, such as various types of anemia.

Consequences of prenatal substance use

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thitinart Sithisarn ◽  
Don T. Granger ◽  
Henrietta S. Bada
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Prenatal Substance Use

Abstract Background: Prenatal substance use is a major public health problem and a social morbidity, with consequences on the drug user and the offspring. Objective: This review focuses on the child and adolescent outcomes following in utero drug exposure. Methods: Studies on the effects of specific substances, legal and illegal; i.e., tobacco or nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, opiates, and methamphetamine were evaluated and analyzed. Results: In general, manifestations of prenatal exposure to legal and illegal substances include varying deficits in birth anthropometric measurements, mild-to-moderate transient neurobehavioral alterations in infancy and long-term behavioral problems noted from early childhood to adolescence. Severity of expression of behavioral problems is influenced by environmental factors. Further, behavioral alterations following in utero drug exposure often exist with mental health co-morbidities. Conclusion: Because of the long-term consequences of prenatal drug exposure on child and adolescent mental health, health providers need to promote substance use prevention, screen for exposure effects and provide or refer affected youths for intervention services. Preventive measures and treatment should consider other factors that may further increase the risk of psychopathology in the exposed children.

scholarly journals Osteoporosis in Skin Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Maddalena Sirufo ◽  
Francesca De Pietro ◽  
Enrica Maria Bassino ◽  
Lia Ginaldi ◽  
Massimo De Martinis
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Skeletal Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis

Osteoporosis (OP) is defined as a generalized skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and an alteration of the microarchitecture that lead to an increase in bone fragility and, therefore, an increased risk of fractures. It must be considered today as a true public health problem and the most widespread metabolic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide. Under physiological conditions, there is a balance between bone formation and bone resorption necessary for skeletal homeostasis. In pathological situations, this balance is altered in favor of osteoclast (OC)-mediated bone resorption. During chronic inflammation, the balance between bone formation and bone resorption may be considerably affected, contributing to a net prevalence of osteoclastogenesis. Skin diseases are the fourth cause of human disease in the world, affecting approximately one third of the world’s population with a prevalence in elderly men. Inflammation and the various associated cytokine patterns are the basis of both osteoporosis and most skin pathologies. Moreover, dermatological patients also undergo local or systemic treatments with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants that could increase the risk of osteoporosis. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to bone health in these patients. The purpose of the present review is to take stock of the knowledge in this still quite unexplored field, despite the frequency of such conditions in clinical practice.

General principles of trauma

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Sleat ◽  
David Noyes
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Organization And Management ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Trauma Networks ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Trauma is a major public health problem worldwide, responsible for a substantial morbidity and mortality burden. All surgeons need to be familiar with the key steps in managing traumatized patients not only for injuries that are relevant to their specialty, but also in the wider management of trauma as part of the multidisciplinary team. These include recent advances in care such as the use of tranexamic acid, major transfusion protocols, and changes to the organization and management of trauma care after the implementation of regional trauma networks for major trauma in England. Appropriate and timely care during the initial stages after significant trauma improves long-term survival, but if patients are to return to a socially and economically productive life then tailored input from rehabilitation and re-enablement services is required. In many respects, after surviving their traumatic insult, this is the most important phase of their treatment.

Metabolic Bone Disease in the CAPD Patient

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Llach
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Renal Osteodystrophy ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Osteitis Fibrosa ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Capd Patient

It seems that CAPD may improve some patients with osteomalacia but may be similar to hemodialysis in regard to osteitis fibrosa. However, long-term prospective evaluation of the incidence of bone disease in CAPD patients is necessary before we can determine how CAPD may alter the incidence and expression of renal osteodystrophy. We need more information before we can conclude that CAPD may improve pure osteomalacia. Finally, the data available are insufficient to clarify the role of vitamin D analogues in these patients.

Severe Metabolic Bone Disease as a Long-Term Complication of Obesity Surgery

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney S. Goldner ◽  
Thomas M. O'Dorisio ◽  
Joseph S. Dillon ◽  
Edward E. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Obesity Surgery ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone Disease ◽  
Metabolic Bone
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